PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

Nadeem Ahmed

Publications and source records attributed to Nadeem Ahmed.

7 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

Sentinel node localization in breast carcinoma.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the success rate of sentinel node dissection and the sensitivity of sentinel node to determine the presence of axillary node metastasis in women with clinically node negative breast cancer. DESIGN: Case series. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: The study was conducted at Department of General Surgery Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad (PIMS) and Nuclear Oncology and Radiotherapy Institute, Islamabad (NORI) from January 2002 to December 2003. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 15 patients of early carcinoma breast were recruited in the study. Five patients were injected with radiocolloid and later with isosulfan blue in the subareolar region. Ten patients were given isosulfan blue only. All the patients were subjected to standard axillary clearance after sentinel node biopsy through separate incisions. Sentinel node was examined by intra-operative frozen section and all of the dissected lymph nodes were examined histopathologically for tumour deposits. RESULTS: Sentinel lymph node was successfully excised in all the cases 15/15 (100%). In 14 of the patients the sentinel node pathology was truly predictive of axillary nodal status. Sensitivity of the test was 93.33% and the positive predictive value was 100%. CONCLUSION: Sentinel node biopsy should be followed by standard axillary lymph adenectomy until the results of multiple prospective randomized trials define the role of this technique in the management of carcinoma breast.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Sonographic diagnosis of placental teratoma.

Placental teratomas are very rare, and the features that distinguish them on sonography and allow their differentiation from other placental tumors have not been fully described. Prenatal recognition of this tumor is prognostically useful because, unlike other neoplasms, placental teratoma is benign and almost never associated with congenital deformities in the fetus. We describe the case of a 27-year-old pregnant woman in whom prenatal color Doppler sonographic examination performed during early-stage labor revealed a heterogeneous mass at the placental margin. This lesion, which measured 10 x 8 x 5 cm, had an echogenic focus consistent with calcification and hyperechoic foci consistent with fat. Placental teratoma and fetus acardius amorphus were considered in the differential diagnosis, but the segmental organization and umbilical cord-like structures that characterize the latter diagnosis were absent. The sonographic diagnosis, placental teratoma, was confirmed postnatally by histopathologic examination. The neonate, a healthy boy, was delivered vaginally at term. Although the presence of tissues of varied echogenicity, such as calcification, fat, and fluid, and the absence of both polarity and an umbilical cord-like structure support the sonographic diagnosis of placental teratoma, fetus acardius amorphus should be considered in the differential diagnosis. Histopathologic examination may be needed to establish a definitive diagnosis in such cases.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Early endodermal expression of the Xenopus Endodermin gene is driven by regulatory sequences containing essential Sox protein-binding elements.

The Endodermin gene is expressed in the early endoderm and the Spemann organizer of Xenopus embryos. It has previously been shown to be a direct target of the early endodermal transcription factor Xsox17 (Clements et al., 2003, Mech Dev 120:337-348). Here we identify two adjacent control elements in the Endodermin promoter; these drive transcription of the gene in late-gastrula endoderm and contain consensus Sox-binding sites. We have analyzed one element in detail and show that it responds directly to Xsox17 and that the Sox sites are essential for endodermal expression in transgenic embryos. However, flanking regions on both sides are also essential, indicating that Xsox17 acts in concert with several DNA-binding partners.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

An unusual case of CV junction tuberculosis presenting with quadriplegia.

STUDY DESIGN: Isolated tubercular involvement of craniovertebral junction in a human immunodeficiency virus-positive patient causing paraplegia and sudden death with radiologic features is presented. OBJECTIVES: Isolated involvement of craniovertebral junction by tuberculosis causing quadriparesis is a rare entity. The role of imaging features is presented in diagnosis of craniovertebral junction tuberculosis, which is a treatable disease. Early detection of this entity with prompt treatment can prevent a fatal outcome. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Tuberculosis of the cervical spine is a rare and potentially dangerous manifestation of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. The incidence is probably less than 1% of all cases of spinal tuberculosis. However, in the developing countries this constitutes an increasingly important cause of craniovertebral junction instability and cervicomedullary compression. Most of the patients present with pain in the neck and local tenderness. Neurologic deficits of varying degrees have been reported in 24-40% of cases of craniovertebral junction tuberculosis. Quadriplegia followed by sudden death is exceptional (as seen in our case). The incidence of craniovertebral junction tuberculosis in immunocompromised patients is not known. Dramatic recovery is possible if craniovertebral junction tuberculosis is detected early in its course. Prompt medical and surgical treatment may avert a potential catastrophic event in such cases. Imaging methods such as computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging are diagnostic of this condition and aid in the detection and prompt treatment of the same. METHOD: Frontal radiograph of the cervical spine and chest, and lateral view of cervical spine followed by plain and contrast enhanced computed tomography scan of the cervical spine was performed to detect the lesion. RESULT: These radiographic features were correlated with the clinical findings. The computed tomography findings of bone destruction, prevertebral and extradural peripherally enhancing soft tissue and infiltrating opacities in the lung apexes were consistent with tuberculosis. CONCLUSIONS: The computed tomography findings described in this report are very specific for tuberculosis of the craniovertebral junction. Clinical and radiologic correlation could help in making the early diagnosis and prompt treatment possible.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Cerebral abscess caused by Cladosporium bantianum infection--case report.

A 26-year-old woman currently treated for systemic lupus erythematosus with steroid therapy presented with sudden onset of right hemiplegia. Computed tomography of the brain showed a large frontoparietal ring-enhanced lesion with perifocal edema. Stereotactic aspiration of the lesion revealed Cladosporium bantianum. The size of the abscess did not reduce in spite of optimum antifungal treatment. The abscess was subsequently excised through a frontoparietal craniotomy. At follow up after 24 months, there was no recurrence of the abscess. Cerebral Cladosporium bantianum infection is usually refractory to antifungal agents and the prognosis is very poor. This patient had the longest survival period in a case of Cladosporium brain abscess so far reported.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

In situ images of the thoracic paravertebral space.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: In situ knowledge about the anatomic structures and the path of a needle percutaneously placed into the paravertebral space is an area that continues to be investigated. We describe an endoscopic technique that permits imaging of the contents and boundaries of the thoracic paravertebral space in cadavers. TECHNIQUE: A 43-year-old, 157-cm, 45-kg unembalmed female cadaver was placed in the prone position. Using a 2.3-mm diameter, 0 degree optical angle, fiberoptic ankle arthroscopy scope, trocar, introducer, and light source, thoracic paravertebral blocks were performed. To produce quality images, the trocar was advanced the length of the shaft, approximately 8 cm. The arthroscopy scope was then exchanged with the introducer. The trocar and arthroscopy scope were then gradually withdrawn posterior. RESULTS: Representative images that show the anatomic pathway of a needle as it would be directed into the paravertebral space as well as the boundaries of the thoracic paravertebral space were obtained. These included the costotransverse ligament, the spinal nerve, and the parietal and visceral pleura. CONCLUSIONS: The images help show the relationship of structures that are encountered during a paravertebral block. This new technique may be helpful in examining the spread of local anesthetic using dye or imaging the location of continuous catheters without having to dissect the insertion area.

Adult↗