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Nadeem Hussain

Publications and source records attributed to Nadeem Hussain.

11 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Neuroendocrine responses to a cold pressor stimulus in polydipsic hyponatremic and in matched schizophrenic patients.

Schizophrenia, many believe, reflects an enhanced vulnerability to psychological stress. Controlled exposure to stressors, however, has produced inconclusive results, particularly with regards to neurohormones. Some of the variability may be attributable to the nature and psychological significance of the stimulus and failure to control physiologic confounds. In addition, it is possible that the heterogeneity of schizophrenia is an important factor. In a carefully designed study and in a controlled setting, we measured the neuroendocrine response of eight polydipsic hyponatremic (PHS), seven polydipsic normonatremic (PNS), and nine nonpolydipsic normonatremic (NNS) (ie normal water balance) schizophrenic in-patients as well as 12 healthy controls (HC) to two different stressors: one of which appears to influence neuroendocrine secretion through its psychological (cold pressor) and the other (upright posture) through its systemic actions. Subjects in the three psychiatric groups were stabilized and acclimated to the research setting, and all received saline to normalize plasma osmolality. Following the cold pressor, plasma adrenocorticotropin and cortisol levels showed a more prolonged rise in PHS patients relative to PNS patients. NNS patients, in contrast, exhibited blunted responses relative to both of the polydipsic groups and the HC. Peak vasopressin responses were also greater in PHS and blunted in NNS patients. Responses to the postural stimulus were similar across patient groups. These findings provide a mechanism for life threatening water intoxication in schizophrenia; help to reconcile conflicting findings of stress responsiveness in schizophrenia; and potentially identify a discrete patient subset with enhanced vulnerability to psychological stress.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Nodular regenerative hyperplasia and severe portal hypertension in cystinosis.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Cystinosis is a rare autosomal-recessive disorder characterized by the intralysosomal accumulation of cystine, which is responsible for widespread tissue destruction. Liver biopsy specimens of patients with cystinosis show cystine crystal formation in Kupffer cells. However, significant liver disease and portal hypertension is not a common complication of cystinosis. We report the case histories of 2 young men with poorly treated nephropathic cystinosis who developed noncirrhotic portal hypertension with evidence of nodular regenerative hyperplasia (NRH). METHODS: Liver biopsy examinations, upper and lower endoscopy with biopsy examination, imaging studies, venous pressure measurements, and laboratory investigations were used to evaluate the causes of the liver disease and portal hypertension. RESULTS: Histologic examination of liver biopsy specimens from both patients showed changes characteristic of NRH with portal hypertension documented by measurement of pressure gradients. In addition, endoscopy in the first patient showed varices and portal hypertensive gastropathy. CONCLUSIONS: NRH was confirmed by histologic examination of the liver in both patients and is the likely cause of their portal hypertension. NRH may represent a rare, late complication of cystinosis, although the mechanism remains undefined.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Intestinal disease in Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome: occurrence of colitis and relation to genotype.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS), a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by oculocutaneous albinism and platelet dysfunction, results from mutations in 1 of at least 7 different genes. Some patients develop a fatal pulmonary fibrosis and others a disabling colitis. This study aimed to document the occurrence of colitis among HPS patients, characterize gastrointestinal tract involvement in HPS, and analyze the distribution of colitis among HPS genotypes. METHODS: Of the 122 HPS patients followed at the National Institutes of Health Clinical Center between 1993 and 2005, 24 were evaluated by endoscopy for gastrointestinal complaints. The histology of gastrointestinal biopsies was retrospectively examined to assess for inflammatory changes, granulomata, and pigmented macrophages. These data were compared with symptoms and HPS genetic subtypes. RESULTS: At colonoscopy, 7 of 23 patients (30%) had endoscopic mucosal abnormalities, including nodularity, erythema, petechiae, or erosions. Six of these 7 patients (86%) had findings of colitis on biopsy. Of the 16 patients with normal-appearing colonic mucosa, 2 patients (12%) had colitis on biopsy. Pigmented macrophages were also observed in the colonic lamina propria in 16 of the 23 patients (70%). Of the 8 patients with confirmed colitis, 7 had the HPS-1 subtype, and 1 had the HPS-4 subtype. CONCLUSIONS: There is an increased frequency of colitis in our population of 122 HPS patients (8/122, 7%) and in HPS patients referred specifically for symptom evaluation (8/24, 33%). Colitis was found in patients with HPS-1 and HPS-4 genotypes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

CT and MRI of hepatic abscess in patients with chronic granulomatous disease.

OBJECTIVE: We describe the spectrum of radiologic appearances of hepatic abscesses in patients with chronic granulomatous disease (CGD), a hereditary immunodeficiency presenting in childhood that occurs at a rate of 1 in 200,000-250,000 live births and predisposes patients to infection with catalase-positive organisms. CONCLUSION: Hepatic abscesses in patients with CGD show an atypical radiologic appearance compared with sporadic hepatic abscesses, and they are characterized by homogeneous enhancement and multiseptal enhancement. In the appropriate clinical setting, the appearance of an enhancing mass should suggest the possibility of a CGD-related hepatic abscess.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Principles of endosonography and imaging.

Accurate interpretation of ultrasound images requires knowledge of the principles of ultrasound and how it interacts with tissue. This article outlines the important principles that every endosonographer should know and provides clinical implications to make the material relevant to endosonographers.

Endosonography↗