Nancy McLean | PubMed Health

PubMed2002

Willingness to participate and enroll in a phase 3 preventive HIV-1 vaccine trial.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the extent to which HIV-negative cohort study participants would be willing to participate (WTP) in future HIV vaccine trials, to explore enrollment into an ongoing phase 3 HIV vaccine trial, and to assess changing WTP in such trials over time. METHODS: The Vanguard Project is a prospective study of gay and bisexual men in the greater Vancouver region, British Columbia, Canada. Sociodemographic characteristics, sexual risk behavior, beliefs around HIV, and reasons for not participating in the AIDSVAX B/B trial were collected from self-administered questionnaires. Contingency table analysis compared subjects who were WTP with subjects who were not WTP. Logistic regression analyses identified possible predictors of WTP. A subset analysis was conducted to assess changes in WTP in 2001 versus 1997. RESULTS: Of 440 respondents, 214 (48.6%) were WTP, and 97 (22.0%) were not WTP. Those WTP were disadvantaged, sexually risky, and had a high-perceived HIV risk (all p <.05). Reasons for not participating in the AIDSVAX B/B trial included fear of health problems and having missed the deadline for enrollment (all p < 0.05). Multivariate analysis revealed that having had a regular sex partner (adjusted odds ratio, 0.48 [confidence interval, 0.25-0.92]) was a negative predictor whereas having a high-perceived HIV risk (adjusted odds ratio, 5.35 [confidence interval, 1.57-18.25]) was a positive predictor of WTP. Comparing WTP in 2001 with that in 1997, 24% of 100 participants who had been previously WTP were now not WTP. CONCLUSION: Improving community and participant knowledge about preventive HIV vaccine trials may help ensure informed consent. However, whether informing potential participants will reverse or contribute to the declining trend in WTP observed in this cohort warrants further investigation.

AIDS Vaccines↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Ipsilateral hip abductor weakness after inversion ankle sprain.

CONTEXT: Hip stability and strength are important for proper gait mechanics and foot position during heel strike. OBJECTIVE: To determine the relationships between hip muscle strength and chronic ankle sprains and hip muscle strength and ankle range of motion. DESIGN: Ex post facto design with the uninvolved limb serving as the control. SETTING: Laboratory. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS: A total of 23 subjects with unilateral chronic ankle sprain were recruited. Subjects had at least 2 ipsilateral ankle sprains and were bearing full weight, with the most recent injury occurring at least 3 months earlier. They were not undergoing formal or informal rehabilitation at the time of the study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): We obtained goniometric measurements for all planes of motion at the ankle. Handheld dynamometry was used to assess the strength of the hip abductor and hip extensor muscles in both limbs. RESULTS: Hip abductor muscle strength and plantar flexion were significantly less on the involved side than the uninvolved side (P < .001 in each case). Strength of the involved hip abductor and hip extensor muscles was significantly correlated (r = 0.539, P < .01). No significant difference was noted in hip extensor muscle strength between sides (P = .19). CONCLUSIONS: Our subjects with unilateral chronic ankle sprains had weaker hip abduction strength and less plantar-flexion range of motion on the involved sides. Clinicians should consider exercises to increase hip abduction strength when developing rehabilitation programs for patients with ankle sprains.

Journal Article↗