PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

Nanette Mutrie

Publications and source records attributed to Nanette Mutrie.

15 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2007

The B'Active programme for overweight primary school children in Glasgow: determining the prevalence of overweight and obesity and piloting an activity intervention.

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity in primary school children in Glasgow and to evaluate a pilot activity programme for overweight and obese children. BMI was measured in 1548 children. Overweight, obesity and severe obesity were defined as BMI > or =85th, 95th and 98th centile, respectively. Overweight and obese children were then invited to participate in a 10-week school-based activity programme. The programme was evaluated by recording weekly attendance, intensity (using the Children's Effort Rating Scale) and enjoyment (scale 1-10). Focus groups were used to explore the experiences and views of the children, teachers, coaches and parents. Of the 1548 children, 31.4% were overweight, 19.1% were obese and 12.4% were severely obese; 38% of those invited attended the activity programme. Weekly programme attendance was 83% (range 56-99%). Mean enjoyment rating (scale 1-10) was 8 for boys and 9 for girls. The intensity of activity sessions were rated 'very easy' by boys and 'just feeling a strain' by girls. Common themes emerging from the focus groups related to perceived positive and negative aspects of the programme (fun, concerns about stigmatising children); physical and psychological outcomes (fitter, more confident); and future recommendations (involve parents). In summary, the prevalence of overweight and obesity was high. The activity programme was successful in terms of attendance and enjoyment, and overall views of the initiative were positive and there was compelling support for its continuation.

Black People↗
PubMed2006

Nowhere to play? The relationship between the location of outdoor play areas and deprivation in Glasgow.

Childhood obesity is rising and this rise has been linked to a decrease in physical activity. Access to appropriate facilities for physical activity is a key determinant of participation. This paper investigates the provision of outdoor play areas for children in relation to area deprivation in Glasgow, Scotland. Analysis of the distribution of outdoor play areas showed significantly higher mean number of play areas per 1000 child population in more deprived areas. However, despite the apparent advantage of deprived areas in terms of actual number of play areas, the quality of play areas in different types of areas may warrant further exploration.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Study protocol to investigate the effect of a lifestyle intervention on body weight, psychological health status and risk factors associated with disease recurrence in women recovering from breast cancer treatment [ISRCTN08045231].

BACKGROUND: Breast cancer survivors often encounter physiological and psychological problems related to their diagnosis and treatment that can influence long-term prognosis. The aim of this research is to investigate the effects of a lifestyle intervention on body weight and psychological well-being in women recovering from breast cancer treatment, and to determine the relationship between changes in these variables and biomarkers associated with disease recurrence and survival. METHODS/DESIGN: Following ethical approval, a total of 100 patients will be randomly assigned to a lifestyle intervention (incorporating dietary energy restriction in conjunction with aerobic exercise training) or normal care control group. Patients randomised to the dietary and exercise intervention will be given individualised healthy eating dietary advice and written information and attend moderate intensity aerobic exercise sessions on three to five days per week for a period of 24 weeks. The aim of this strategy is to induce a steady weight loss of up to 0.5 Kg each week. In addition, the overall quality of the diet will be examined with a view to (i) reducing the dietary intake of fat to approximately 25% of the total calories, (ii) eating at least 5 portions of fruit and vegetables a day, (iii) increasing the intake of fibre and reducing refined carbohydrates, and (iv) taking moderate amounts of alcohol. Outcome measures will include body weight and body composition, psychological health status (stress and depression), cardiorespiratory fitness and quality of life. In addition, biomarkers associated with disease recurrence, including stress hormones, estrogen status, inflammatory markers and indices of innate and adaptive immune function will be monitored. DISCUSSION: This research will provide valuable information on the effectiveness of a practical, easily implemented lifestyle intervention for evoking positive effects on body weight and psychological well-being, two important factors that can influence long-term prognosis in breast cancer survivors. However, the added value of the study is that it will also evaluate the effects of the lifestyle intervention on a range of biomarkers associated with disease recurrence and survival. Considered together, the results should improve our understanding of the potential role that lifestyle-modifiable factors could play in saving or prolonging lives.

Aged↗
PubMed2006

Evaluating health effects of transport interventions methodologic case study.

BACKGROUND: There is little evidence about the effects of environmental interventions on population levels of physical activity. Major transport projects may promote or discourage physical activity in the form of walking and cycling, but researching the health effects of such "natural experiments" in transport policy or infrastructure is challenging. METHODS: Case study of attempts in 2004-2005 to evaluate the effects of two major transport projects in Scotland: an urban congestion charging scheme in Edinburgh, and a new urban motorway (freeway) in Glasgow. RESULTS: These interventions are typical of many major transport projects. They are unique to their context. They cannot easily be separated from the other components of the wider policies within which they occur. When, where, and how they are implemented are political decisions over which researchers have no control. Baseline data collection required for longitudinal studies may need to be planned before the intervention is certain to take place. There is no simple way of defining a population or area exposed to the intervention or of defining control groups. Changes in quantitative measures of health-related behavior may be difficult to detect. CONCLUSIONS: Major transport projects have clear potential to influence population health, but it is difficult to define the interventions, categorize exposure, or measure outcomes in ways that are likely to be seen as credible in the field of public health intervention research. A final study design is proposed in which multiple methods and spatial levels of analysis are combined in a longitudinal quasi-experimental study.

City Planning↗
PubMed2006

A workplace intervention to promote stair climbing: greater effects in the overweight.

OBJECTIVE: Stair climbing is a lifestyle physical activity that uses more calories per minute than jogging. This study tested an intervention designed to promote stair climbing in a workplace. Because previous studies provide only equivocal evidence of the effects of increased stair climbing in worksites, a formal comparison of the effects of the intervention on stair ascent and descent was made. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: In a five-story public sector building, a 2-week baseline was followed by 6 weeks of an intervention involving a 23(1/2)- x 16(1/2)-inch poster in the lobby, the same poster and six messages affixed to the stair risers between floors, and an 11(3/4)- x 8(1/4)-inch point-of-choice prompt at the elevators. Stair and elevator choices (n = 26,806) were videotaped throughout and subsequently coded for direction of travel, traveler's sex, and traveler's load. Weight status was coded using silhouettes beside the computer monitor. RESULTS: A significant effect of the intervention on stair climbing was greater in those coded as overweight (+5.4%; odds ratio = 1.33) than in individuals of normal weight (+2.5%; odds ratio = 1.12). Although stair descent was more common than ascent, the intervention had similar effects for both directions of travel. DISCUSSION: Stair climbing at work has few barriers and seems to be a type of physical activity that is acceptable to overweight individuals. The relatively weak effect of workplace interventions compared with results for public access staircases may reflect uncontrolled effects such as the immediate availability of the elevator for the traveler.

Elevators and Escalators↗
PubMed2005

A pilot study of a supervised group exercise programme as a rehabilitation treatment for women with breast cancer receiving adjuvant treatment.

This pilot study examined whether exercise as an adjunctive rehabilitation therapy could benefit women who have early stage breast cancer and are currently receiving chemotherapy/radiotherapy. The study was designed as a randomised controlled trial (RCT). Physical functioning, fatigue and Quality of Life (QoL) outcomes were evaluated pre and post a 12-week intervention. The results showed that after 12 weeks the women who participated in the exercise programme (n = 12) displayed significantly higher levels of physical functioning and reported higher QoL scores than the controls (n = 10). Changes in fatigue and satisfaction with life favoured the intervention group but did not reach significance. These results are encouraging and suggest that a structured group exercise programme during adjuvant treatment is a safe, well tolerated and effective way of providing physical and psychological health benefits to women during treatment for early stage breast cancer. Since this was a pilot study the numbers did not allow appropriately powered analyses of some variables of interest and favoured relatively young and socio-economically advantaged women. Future studies need to address these issues and determine if these short-term benefits can be sustained.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed2004

Exercise therapy in women who have had breast cancer: design of the Sheffield women's exercise and well-being project.

Recovering from cancer treatment can be a difficult experience, both physically and psychologically. This paper describes a randomized controlled trial that evaluates the effects of exercise therapy upon quality of life in 120 women who have had breast cancer. To facilitate behaviour change, exercise counselling is also included as an integral component in the exercise therapy intervention. Participants are randomized to one of three groups: exercise therapy, body conditioning (placebo control) or a normal care control group. The supervised exercise therapy and body conditioning sessions take place 3 times per week for 8 weeks. Outcome measures include quality of life, physical self-perceptions, depression, satisfaction with life, exercise behaviour, aerobic capacity and percentage body fat. All outcomes are assessed at baseline, 4 weeks during the intervention and at the end of the 8-week intervention. Follow-up assessments of outcomes take place at 3 and 6 months post-intervention. As the number of women surviving breast cancer is increasing and cancer treatment is linked to reduced quality of life, it is critical to evaluate treatments that improve the quality of life of this population or hasten recovery following treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Promoting and maintaining physical activity in people with type 2 diabetes.

BACKGROUND: Limited research has investigated how to promote physical activity in people with type 2 diabetes. This study evaluated physical activity counseling over 12 months in people with type 2 diabetes. DESIGN: Participants were given standard exercise information and randomly assigned to receive physical activity counseling or not. Data were collected from September 2000 through to September 2002 and analyzed from October 2002 to February 2003. SETTING/PARTICIPANTS: Diabetes outpatient clinic. Seventy inactive people with type 2 diabetes. INTERVENTION: Physical activity counseling, based on the transtheoretical model, combined motivational theory and cognitive behavioral strategies into an individualized intervention to promote physical activity. Consultations were delivered at baseline and 6 months, with phone calls at 1 and 3 months post-consultation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Changes from baseline at 12 months in physical activity (7-day recall and accelerometer), stages and processes of exercise behavior change. RESULTS: Between-group differences were recorded in physical activity (recall and accelerometer) at 12 months (p <0.01). Experimental participants significantly increased total activity (median difference, 115 minutes; 95% confidence interval [CI]=73-150 minutes). Control participants recorded no significant change (median difference, -15 minutes; 95% CI=-53-13 minutes). The accelerometer experimental participants recorded no significant change (mean difference, 416,632 counts; 95% CI=-27,743, 1,051,007 counts/week), while control participants recorded a significant decrease (mean difference, -669,061 counts; 95% CI=-1,292,285, -45,837 counts/week). At 12 months, more experimental participants compared to controls were in active stages of behavior(6-month chi(2)=26.4, p <0.01; 12-month chi(2)=19.9, p <0.01, respectively). Between-group differences were recorded at 12 months for the frequency of using all processes (p <0.01), except dramatic relief and stimulus control. CONCLUSIONS: Physical activity counseling was effective for promoting physical activity over 12 months in people with type 2 diabetes.

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy↗
PubMed2004

Changing the individual to promote health-enhancing physical activity: the difficulties of producing evidence and translating it into practice.

This paper presents conclusions from recent systematic reviews and highlights individually targeted interventions that are effective at increasing physical activity. It discusses the limitations of currently available evidence, considers what factors lead to these limitations and what barriers exist in terms of implementing the evidence as part of local and national policy and practice. Barriers present themselves in terms of getting evidence into practice and in terms of ensuring that practice informs the evidence base. These barriers include difficulties in conducting systematic reviews, disaggregating knowledge from complex interventions, making local adaptations to existing evidence, the lack of an evaluation culture, ethical and pragmatic difficulties in designing interventions, selecting appropriate outcome measures, poor designs and implementation of evidence and, finally, a recognition that policy making is not only based on the available evidence. New and more integrated approaches to evaluation and to practice are needed.

Community Health Services↗
PubMed2004

Socio-economic differences in cardiovascular disease and physical activity: stereotypes and reality.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is patterned by socio-economic status, being more common in lower social classes. Since physical inactivity is a risk factor for CVD it might be assumed that it is more common in lower social classes. We examine major recent UK population surveys and show that this assumption is incorrect; although higher social class adults engage in more formal sports activities, they are less likely to engage in other (e.g. occupational) activities. Lower social class children are more likely to engage in sports and active play. We also show that although Scotland has higher rates of CVD than England, it does not have higher prevalences of all CVD risk factors.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Increasing physical activity in people with type 2 diabetes.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate effect of exercise consultation on physical activity and resultant physiological and biochemical variables at 6 months in people with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A total of 70 inactive people with type 2 diabetes were given standard exercise information and were randomized to receive an exercise consultation (n = 35) or not (n = 35). Exercise consultation, based on the transtheoretical model, combines motivational theory and cognitive behavioral strategies into an individualized intervention to promote physical activity. Changes from baseline to 6 months were assessed in 1) physical activity (7-day recall, accelerometer, cardiorespiratory fitness, stage, and processes of change), 2) physiological variables (blood pressure and BMI), and 3) biochemical variables (HbA(1c), lipid profile, and fibrinogen). RESULTS: Between-group differences were recorded for the change in minutes of moderate activity (P < 0.001) and activity counts (P < 0.001) per week. Experimental participants recorded an increase in activity counts per week and minutes of moderate activity per week (P < 0.001). The control group recorded no significant changes. More experimental participants increased stage of change (chi(2) = 22.6, P < 0.001). Between-group differences were recorded for the change in total exercise duration and peak gradient (P < 0.005), HbA(1c) (P = 0.02), systolic BP (P = 0.02), and fibrinogen (P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: Exercise consultation increased physical activity and improved glycemic control and cardiovascular risk factors in people with type 2 diabetes.

Age of Onset↗
PubMed2002

Physical activity intervention: a transtheoretical model-based intervention designed to help sedentary young adults become active.

Physical activity levels in young adults are low. Research supports the use of the Transtheoretical Model of behaviour change (TM) in designing physical activity interventions. This study used a pre-post randomized control design to investigate the effectiveness of a self-instructional intervention for helping sedentary young adults to initiate physical activity. Post-intervention, significantly more of the experimental group (80%), in comparison to the control group (68%), improved their exercise stage of change (SOC) from baseline (P < 0.05). Discriminant analyses revealed that discrimination between stage improvement/non-improvement was possible using the processes of change data. Stage improvers scored significantly higher on all of the behavioral and four out of five of the cognitive processes of change. For stage improvers, the processes of self-re-evaluation and self-liberation were most frequently used, whilst social liberation was used significantly more by the experimental than the control group. This inexpensive, self-instructional intervention, based on the TM and the 'active living message', is an effective method of assisting sedentary young adults to progress through the exercise SOC.

Adult↗