Biomedical subjects

Naohito Nishii

Publications and source records attributed to Naohito Nishii.

9 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2006

Enterolithiasis in a cat.

An 8-year-old female Persian cat was brought in for evaluation of chronic vomiting. The presence of opaque enteric foreign bodies and intestinal obstruction along with azotaemia, hyperphosphataemia, moderate anaemia and peritoneal fluid were revealed following appropriate diagnostic work-up. Exploratory laparotomy confirmed jejunoileal dilation, ileocaecal stenosis, and numerous foreign objects in the jejunoileum. These foreign objects and ileocaecal stenosis were surgically removed, and intestinal resection and anastomosis was performed. The patient recovered favourably. Analysis revealed that the foreign objects were composed of calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate. Intestinal inflammation and stenosis secondary to enterolithiasis may have developed following ingestion of cat litter or a previous unrelated surgical intervention. We were unable to delineate the inciting pathogenesis in this particular case.

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PubMed2006

A case of protein-losing enteropathy treated with methotrexate in a dog.

A 9-year-old female Pug was presented to us with chronic diarrhea. Hematologic findings indicated severe hypoproteinemia and hypoalbuminemia, and endoscopy revealed severe edema of the duodenal mucosa. Based on these results and on additional histopathological findings, we made a diagnosis of protein-losing enteropathy caused by lymphocytic-plasmacytic enteritis with lymphangiectasia. The dog was initially treated with prednisolone and cyclosporine. This treatment regimen was not effective. However, when methotrexate was substituted for cyclosporine, progress was obtained and the diagnosis was confirmed.

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PubMed2006

Pericardial mesothelioma in a neonatal calf.

We encountered an extremely rare tumor, a pericardial mesothelioma, in a neonatal calf. The patient calf showed severe abdominal distention, and died immediately after birth. The thoracic cavity was contained a huge heart with a large amount of pericardial fluid. A number of granular and cobblestone-like nodules were dispersed over the epicardium and pericardium. The nodules consisted of papillary proliferations of neoplastic cells, and the neoplasm occasionally showed mesenchymal proliferations. Immunohistochemistry revealed that they had the characteristics of mesothelial cells (cytokeratin-and vimentin-positive), and the neoplasm was diagnosed as mesothelioma.

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PubMed2006

Postprandial changes in leptin concentrations of cerebrospinal fluid in dogs during development of obesity.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate postprandial changes in the leptin concentration of CSF in dogs during development of obesity. ANIMALS: 4 male Beagles. PROCEDURES: Weight gain was induced and assessments were made when the dogs were in thin, optimal, and obese body conditions (BCs). The fat area at the level of the L3 vertebra was measured via computed tomography to assess the degree of obesity. Dogs were evaluated in fed and unfed states. Dogs in the fed state received food at 9 AM. Blood and CSF samples were collected at 8 AM, 4 PM, and 10 PM. RESULTS: Baseline CSF leptin concentrations in the thin, optimal, and obese dogs were 24.3 +/- 2.7 pg/mL, 86.1 +/- 14.7 pg/mL, and 116.2 +/- 47.3 pg/mL, respectively. In the thin BC, CSF leptin concentration transiently increased at 4 PM. In the optimal BC, baseline CSF leptin concentration was maintained until 10 PM. In the obese BC, CSF leptin concentration increased from baseline value at 4 PM and 10 PM. Correlation between CSF leptin concentration and fat area was good at all time points. There was a significant negative correlation between the CSF leptin concentration-to-serum leptin concentration ratio and fat area at 4 PM; this correlation was not significant at 8 AM and 10 PM. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Decreased transport of leptin at the blood-brain barrier may be 1 mechanism of leptin resistance in dogs. However, leptin resistance at the blood-brain barrier may not be important in development of obesity in dogs.

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PubMed2006

Effects of administration of glucocorticoids and feeding status on plasma leptin concentrations in dogs.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate effects of short- and long- term administration of glucocorticoids, feeding status, and serum concentrations of insulin and cortisol on plasma leptin concentrations in dogs. ANIMALS: 20 nonobese dogs. PROCEDURE: For experiment 1, plasma leptin concentrations and serum concentrations of insulin and cortisol were monitored for 24 hours in 4 dogs administered dexamethasone (0.1 mg/kg, IV) or saline (0.9% NaCl) solution for fed and nonfed conditions. For experiment 2, 11 dogs were administered prednisolone (1 mg/kg, PO, q 24 h for 56 days [7 dogs] and 2 mg/kg, PO, q 24 h for 28 days [4 dogs]) and 5 dogs served as control dogs. Plasma leptin and serum insulin concentrations were monitored weekly. RESULTS: For experiment 1, dexamethasone injection with the fed condition drastically increased plasma leptin concentrations. Furthermore, injection of saline solution with the fed condition increased plasma leptin concentrations. These increases in plasma leptin concentrations correlated with increases in serum insulin concentrations. Dexamethasone injection with the nonfed condition increased plasma leptin concentrations slightly but continuously. Injection of saline solution with the nonfed condition did not alter plasma leptin concentrations. For experiment 2, prednisolone administration at either dosage and duration did not alter plasma leptin concentrations in any dogs. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Dexamethasone injection and feeding increased plasma leptin concentrations in dogs. In addition, dexamethasone administration enhanced the effect of feeding on increases in plasma leptin concentrations. Daily oral administration of prednisolone (1 or 2 mg/kg) did not affect plasma leptin concentrations in dogs.

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PubMed2005

Endocrine patterns in two strains of Japanese black cattle with growth retardation.

Endocrine patterns were compared in 2 strains of Japanese black cattle with growth retardation; MHO- and HSK-paternal strains (MHO and HSK cattle, respectively). MHO cattle (n=8) displayed lower serum concentrations of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), and cortisol (31.1+/-20.7 ng/ml, 73.9+/-51.9 ng/dl, and 2.9+/-2.9 microg/dl, 1.3+/-0.7 microg/dl, respectively) than those in both HSK cattle (n=5) (64.9+/-47.6 ng/ml, 97.8+/-40.7 ng/dl, 4.1+/-2.1 microg/dl and 1.8+/-1.1 microg/dl, respectively), and the controls (n=6) (314.7+/-197.2 ng/ml, 140.2+/-21.3 ng/dl, 5.8+/-1.7 microg/dl, and 3.0+/-1.4 microg/dl, respectively). The area under the concentration curve of growth hormone (GH-AUC 0-600 min) in MHO cattle (22210+/-18951 ng.min/ml) tended to be greater than those in HSK (7887+/-6340 ng.min/ml) and the controls (2811+/-1275 ng.min/ml). MHO cattle showed a high GH-AUC0-600 min in contrast to a low serum IGF-1 concentration, as well as lower serum T3, T4, and cortisol concentrations. HSK cattle exhibited the same secretory patterns, but much more moderately. Growth retardation in Japanese black cattle exhibits some variations based on pedigree.

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PubMed2005

Results of metabolic profile test in Japanese black cattle with growth retardation.

To evaluate the nutriture of Japanese black cattle with growth retardation, a metabolic profile test was carried out in 8 cattle with growth retardation and in 10 cattle with normal growth. During our observation for 1 month before blood sampling, the cattle with growth retardation ingested their forage completely. They showed lower low-density lipoprotein and albumin concentrations, and higher urea nitrogen, actoacetic acid and beta-hydroxybutyric acid concentrations than the control. There were no significant differences in glucose, free fatty acid, total cholesterol, ammonia, inorganic phosphorus, and calcium concentrations between the cattle with growth retardation and the control. These data suggested that the cattle with growth retardation subjected to energy-negative condition in spite of their good forage intake.

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PubMed2005

Serum growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-1 concentrations in Japanese black cattle with renal tubular dysplasia.

To elucidate the cause of growth retardation, 14 cattle with renal tubular dysplasia (RTD) were investigated by determining serum growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 concentrations. Compared with 6 healthy cattle, the baseline, maximum, area under the curve and peak amplitude of serum GH concentrations were higher or tended to be higher. Serum IGF-1 concentrations were lower normal or lower in cattle with RTD than in healthy cattle. Serum IGF-1 concentrations correlated significantly with body weight and chest girth, but not with serum GH and creatinine concentrations. Growth retardation in RTD might be associated partially with GH resistance.

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PubMed2005

Japanese black cattle with ateliosis showed lower insulin responses during glucose tolerance test.

In order to determine insulin secretability and glucose utilization, a glucose tolerance test was performed in ateliotic cattle of 2 paternal strains; MHO and HSK cattle. MHO and HSK cattle showed different endocrine patterns in our previous study. Area under the insulin concentration curves (insulin-AUC) in the ateliotic cattle were significantly lower (122.3 +/- 59.4 ng.min/ml and 99.2 +/- 24.8 ng.min/ml for MHO and HSK cattle, respectively) than the control cattle (420.2 +/- 175.2 ng.min/ml). These low insulin responses to GTT may have an influence on growth retardation in MHO and HSK cattle.

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