Biomedical subjects

Naomar de Almeida Filho

Publications and source records attributed to Naomar de Almeida Filho.

4 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2006

[Mental health and normality: popular conceptions in a northern coastal area of Bahia, Brazil].

This study focuses on signs, meanings, and practices related to mental normality and health in a northern coastal area of Bahia, Brazil. It discusses local conceptions about the non-existence or exclusive existence of mental normality, as well as points of view concerning total mental normality. It identifies the prototypes of normality, like "normal", "almost normal", and "false normal", as signs for distinguishing mentally normal persons. The article discusses the underlying values and concepts in local personal classification of mental normality and proposes a structural health device consisting of moral, scientific, religious, environmental, and social elements. It analyzes local normalization and mental health promotion actions and the local system of signs, meanings, and practices of normality. Finally, the article analyzes the primary, secondary, and tertiary levels of health. All these goals are met by comparing local conceptions with the scientific literature on medical epistemology, psychoanalysis, sociological labeling theory, and medical anthropology.

Brazil↗

PubMed2006

Criteria for central obesity in a Brazilian population: impact on metabolic syndrome.

OBJECTIVE: To identify and propose the optimal waist circumference cut-off points (WCp) for the diagnosis of central obesity (CO) in a Brazilian population, so as to compare these cut-off points with those recommended by the ATPIII (WC-ATPIII), and to estimate the difference in prevalence rates of metabolic syndrome (MS) using the two criteria. METHODS: Cross-sectional study conducted in a population subgroup of 1439 adults in the city of Salvador, Brazil. ROC curves of waist circumference (WC) were plotted to identify diabetes mellitus (DM) and obesity. ROC curve sensitivity and specificity values >60% and the closest to each other were used to define WCp. The prevalence of MS was estimated using WCp and WC-ATPIII. RESULTS: Eight hundred and twenty nine women comprised 57.7% of the sample. The WCp selected were 84 cm for women and 88 cm for men. These cut-off points detected DM with a 68.7% and 70% sensitivity, and a 66.2% and 68.3% specificity, respectively. For obesity, sensitivity and specificity were 79.8% and 77.6% in women and 64.3% and 71.6% in men, respectively. Using WC-ATPIII, 88 cm (for women) and 102 cm (for men), the sensitivity was 53.3% and 26.5%, respectively, to diagnose DM. For obesity, sensitivity was 66.5% (for women) and 28.6% (for men). The prevalence of MS using WCp was 23.7%, 95%CI (21.6-25.9), whereas using WC-ATPIII it was 19.0%, 95%CI (17.1-20.9), 1.2 times higher using WCp. CONCLUSION: WC-ATPIII were inappropriate and underestimated the prevalence of MS in the population studied, particularly among men. We suggest that the WC cut-off points > 84 cm for women and > 88 cm for men should be tested in other Brazilian populations.

Abdominal Wall↗

PubMed2004

[Clustering of modifiable cardiovascular risk factors in adults living in Salvador (BA), Brazil].

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the frequency of modifiable cardiovascular risk factors, with and without inclusion of arterial hypertension, occurring simultaneously in a racially-mixed population. METHOD: A cross-sectional study was carried out with 1,298 adults aged > or = 20 years in the city of Salvador, Brazil, in 2000. Eight modifiable cardiovascular risk factors were assessed, in any combination: total cholesterol > or = 240 mg/dL; high density-lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) < 40 mg/dL; triglycerides > or = 200 mg/dL; glycemia > or = 126 mg/dL + well-controlled diabetes; body mass index > or = 25 kg/m2, waist > or = 102 cm for males and > or = 88 cm for females, smoking and alcoholism. The results were stratified according to the number of simultaneous risk factors (zero to five or more and two or more risk factors). The data were analyzed in terms of estimated proportions and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI), with and without the inclusion of arterial hypertension (VI Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure [JNC-VI], United States of America), ratio of proportions and chi-square for proportions as a measure of association. RESULTS: Among men (41.4% of participants), 7.5% (95%CI: 2.5 to 9.7) did not present risk factors; 68.8% (95%CI: 65.0 to 72.8) presented two or more risk factors, not including hypertension. After inclusion of hypertension, 73.4% (95%CI: 69.7 to 77.1) presented two or more risk factors. Among women, 11.6% did not present risk factors. The presence of two or more risk factors, not including hypertension, was observed in 67.7% (95%CI: 64.8 to 71.4). After inclusion of hypertension, 71.7% (95%CI: 68.5 to 74.9) of the women presented two or more risk factors. Significant differences were observed for the presence of two or more risk factors in men with not more than 4 years of schooling vs. 5 to less than 11 years of schooling (P < 0.05); in women with not more than 4 years of schooling vs. 5 to less than 11 years of schooling; in women with not more than 4 years of schooling vs. 11 or more years of schooling (P < 0.01); and in black vs. white women (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The high proportion of clustering cardiovascular risk factors in Salvador, with or without hypertension, especially in the population with little schooling and in black individuals, suggests the need for broad social strategies to reduce social inequality, promote health, and facilitate the treatment of cardiovascular risk factors.

Adult↗

PubMed2002

[Health concepts in current science-oriented discourse].

This article analyzes health as a concept in some science-oriented discourses by representative authors of functional sociology, anthropology and epistemology, by focusing their notions of illness and procedures. In the field of sociology, the ideas of normality, labeling, and deviation from labeling patterns stand out. Additionally, we present the main health models in North American health anthropology and evaluate the proposition of a new perspective that intends to overcome the duality between culture and society - the theory of signal, meaning and practice systems. We also analyze the Canguilhemian difference between normality and health, as well as the notion of health as normative capacity. Finally, we propose the distinctive concepts of primary, secondary and tertiary health as the first step of a theoretical construction that can guide health policies and social procedures based on a positive notion of health.

History, 20th Century↗