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Nathan Kuppermann

Publications and source records attributed to Nathan Kuppermann.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2026

Kidney mitochondrial complex I dysfunction in a juvenile rat model of diabetic ketoacidosis.

BACKGROUND: The pathobiology of acute kidney injury during diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is not completely understood. We hypothesized that mitochondrial function is impaired during DKA as a mechanism of acute kidney injury. METHODS: We isolated kidney samples from 4 to 5 week-old rats with normoglycemia (NG, controls; n&#x2009;=&#x2009;7), hyperglycemia (HG; n&#x2009;=&#x2009;5), acute DKA (DKA; n&#x2009;=&#x2009;5), and after 24&#x2009;h of DKA treatment (DKA-24; n&#x2009;=&#x2009;5). Kidney tissue homogenates were prepared from frozen tissue for measurement of mitochondrial electron transport system (ETS) complex I&#x2009;+&#x2009;III, II&#x2009;+&#x2009;III, and IV activity and citrate synthase activity using spectrophotometry and ETS complex protein expression using Western blots. RESULTS: Mitochondrial ETS complex I&#x2009;+&#x2009;III activity (mean&#x2009;&#xb1;&#x2009;SD) exhibited a stepwise decrease from HG (113&#x2009;&#xb1;&#x2009;54 nmol/min/mg tissue protein) to DKA (64&#x2009;&#xb1;&#x2009;32; p&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.05 compared to NG) and trended toward NG control levels (143&#x2009;&#xb1;&#x2009;37) in DKA-24 (135&#x2009;&#xb1;&#x2009;39). Mitochondrial content, including citrate synthase activity and ETS complex proteins I, II, IV, and V, did not differ between groups, except that ETS complex III increased in HG and DKA and subsequently decreased in DKA-24. CONCLUSIONS: In a juvenile rat model of DKA, increasing glycemic stress caused a reversible change in kidney mitochondrial complex I function and complex III expression. IMPACT: Acute kidney injury during diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) increases risk of future diabetic kidney disease, but the underlying pathobiology is not understood. In a juvenile rat model of DKA, we found that increasing glycemic stress caused a reversible change in kidney mitochondrial complex I function and complex III expression. These data support further investigation to determine if mitochondrial dysfunction may contribute to DKA-related acute kidney injury.

Letter↗
PubMed2026

Balanced Fluid or 0.9% Saline in Children Treated for Septic Shock.

BACKGROUND: Whether treatment with balanced crystalloid fluid leads to better outcomes than 0.9% saline in children treated for septic shock is debated. METHODS: In this pragmatic clinical trial conducted at 47 emergency departments in five countries, patients (2 months to <18 years of age) with suspected septic shock and abnormal perfusion were randomly assigned to receive fluid resuscitation with either balanced fluid or 0.9% saline for up to 48 hours. The primary outcome was a major adverse kidney event (a composite of death, new renal-replacement therapy, or persistent kidney dysfunction) at 30 days after enrollment or hospital discharge, whichever occurred first. RESULTS: Of 9041 enrolled patients, 277 (6.1%) in the balanced-fluid group and 282 (6.2%) in the 0.9%-saline group withdrew from the trial, leaving 4235 and 4247 patients, respectively, for analysis. A primary-outcome event occurred in 137 patients (3.4%) in the balanced-fluid group and in 124 (3.0%) in the 0.9%-saline group (difference, 0.4 percentage points; 95% confidence interval [CI], -0.5 to 1.3; risk ratio, 1.10; 95% CI, 0.88 to 1.40; P&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.85). The median number of hospital-free days during 28 days after enrollment was 23 (interquartile range, 19 to 25) in both groups. Hyperchloremia occurred in 868 patients (31.4%) in the balanced-fluid group and in 1383 (49.0%) in the 0.9%-saline group; hypernatremia in 52 (1.8%) and 89 (3.1%), respectively; and hyperlactatemia in 260 (19.8%) and 228 (16.7%). No differences in other safety outcomes or adverse events were seen. CONCLUSIONS: Among children treated for septic shock, no significant difference was seen in the incidence of death, new renal-replacement therapy, or persistent kidney dysfunction when fluid resuscitation was administered with balanced fluid as compared with 0.9% saline. (Funded by Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development and others; PRoMPT BOLUS ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT04102371.).

Adolescent↗
PubMed2007

Clinical prediction rule for identifying children with cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis at very low risk of bacterial meningitis.

CONTEXT: Children with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pleocytosis are routinely admitted to the hospital and treated with parenteral antibiotics, although few have bacterial meningitis. We previously developed a clinical prediction rule, the Bacterial Meningitis Score, that classifies patients at very low risk of bacterial meningitis if they lack all of the following criteria: positive CSF Gram stain, CSF absolute neutrophil count (ANC) of at least 1000 cells/microL, CSF protein of at least 80 mg/dL, peripheral blood ANC of at least 10,000 cells/microL, and a history of seizure before or at the time of presentation. OBJECTIVE: To validate the Bacterial Meningitis Score in the era of widespread pneumococcal conjugate vaccination. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PATIENTS: A multicenter, retrospective cohort study conducted in emergency departments of 20 US academic medical centers through the Pediatric Emergency Medicine Collaborative Research Committee of the American Academy of Pediatrics. All children aged 29 days to 19 years who presented at participating emergency departments between January 1, 2001, and June 30, 2004, with CSF pleocytosis (CSF white blood cells > or =10 cells/microL) and who had not received antibiotic treatment before lumbar puncture. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: The sensitivity and negative predictive value of the Bacterial Meningitis Score. RESULTS: Among 3295 patients with CSF pleocytosis, 121 (3.7%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.1%-4.4%) had bacterial meningitis and 3174 (96.3%; 95% CI, 95.5%-96.9%) had aseptic meningitis. Of the 1714 patients categorized as very low risk for bacterial meningitis by the Bacterial Meningitis Score, only 2 had bacterial meningitis (sensitivity, 98.3%; 95% CI, 94.2%-99.8%; negative predictive value, 99.9%; 95% CI, 99.6%-100%), and both were younger than 2 months old. A total of 2518 patients (80%) with aseptic meningitis were hospitalized. CONCLUSIONS: This large multicenter study validates the Bacterial Meningitis Score prediction rule in the era of conjugate pneumococcal vaccine as an accurate decision support tool. The risk of bacterial meningitis is very low (0.1%) in patients with none of the criteria. The Bacterial Meningitis Score may be helpful to guide clinical decision making for the management of children presenting to emergency departments with CSF pleocytosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Pediatric head trauma: changes in use of computed tomography in emergency departments in the United States over time.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: Head trauma is common in children. In the absence of evidence-based recommendations, variations exist in the initial emergency department (ED) evaluation and treatment of children with head trauma. We sought to describe the use of computed tomography (CT) over time in the treatment of children with acute closed head trauma in US EDs. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional analysis of data from the National Hospital Ambulatory Care Survey database from 1995 to 2003. We identified patients aged 0 to 18 years, with head trauma by chief complaint or discharge diagnosis. We collected the following data: chief complaint, patient demographics, patient disposition, discharge diagnosis, and use of CT. Frequency and characteristics of the use of CT scan for evaluation of children with head trauma. We used descriptive statistics with appropriate weighting to account for the survey methodology. We determined the frequency and the characteristics of the use of CT scans for evaluation of children with head trauma. We used descriptive statistics with appropriate weighting to account for the survey methodology. RESULTS: We identified 2,747 patient encounters, representing 10,536,717 pediatric head trauma visits during the 9-year period. The use of CT increased from 12.8% to 22.4% from 1995 to 2003, with a peak of 28.6% in 2000. CT was used more frequently in the older age groups: 13% (<1 year), 11% (1 to 4 years), 20% (5 to 9 years), and 32% (10 to 18 years). CT was also used more frequently in general EDs (22%) than in pediatric-specific EDs (13%). There were no differences in CT use between teaching and nonteaching facilities (21% in each). Overall, 6.4% of children were either admitted to the hospital or transferred, and this rate remained stable over time. CONCLUSION: The use of CT has increased substantially in the evaluation of children with head trauma from 1995 to 2003. Further study is needed to identify objective criteria for cranial CT in head-injured children and to evaluate the impact of increased CT use on patient outcomes.

Academic Medical Centers↗
PubMed2006

Epidemiology of a pediatric emergency medicine research network: the PECARN Core Data Project.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the epidemiology of pediatric patient visits to emergency departments (ED). METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study of pediatric ED visits at the participating Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network (PECARN) hospitals in 2002. We provide descriptive characteristics of pediatric ED visits and a comparison of the study database to the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NHAMCS). Bivariate analyses were calculated to assess characteristics associated with hospital admission, death in the ED, and length of ED visit. We also performed multivariate regression to model the likelihood of admission to the hospital. RESULTS: Mean patient age was 6.2 years; 53.5% were boys; 47.5% black; and 43.2% had Medicaid insurance. The most common ED diagnoses were fever, upper respiratory infection, asthma, otitis media, and viral syndromes. The inpatient admission rate was 11.6%. The most common diagnoses requiring hospitalization were asthma, dehydration, fever, bronchiolitis, and pneumonia. In multivariate analysis, patients who were black or Hispanic, had Medicaid insurance or were uninsured, or were older than 1 year were less likely to be hospitalized. Demographics of the PECARN population were similar to NHAMCS, with notable exceptions of a larger proportion of black patients and of admitted patients from the PECARN EDs. CONCLUSION: We describe previously unavailable epidemiological information about childhood illnesses and injuries that can inform development of future studies on the effectiveness, outcomes, and quality of emergency medical services for children. Most pediatric ED patients in our study sought care for infectious causes or asthma and were discharged from the ED. Hospital admission rate differed according to age, payer type, race/ethnicity, and diagnosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Frequency of sub-clinical cerebral edema in children with diabetic ketoacidosis.

Symptomatic cerebral edema occurs in approximately 1% of children with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). However, asymptomatic or subclinical cerebral edema is thought to occur more frequently. Some small studies have found narrowing of the cerebral ventricles indicating cerebral edema in most or all children with DKA, but other studies have not detected narrowing in ventricle size. In this study, we measured the intercaudate width of the frontal horns of the lateral ventricles using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in children with DKA during treatment and after recovery from the DKA episode. We determined the frequency of ventricular narrowing and compared clinical and biochemical data for children with and without ventricular narrowing. Forty-one children completed the study protocol. The lateral ventricles were significantly smaller during DKA treatment (mean width, 9.3 +/- 0.3 vs. 10.2 +/- 0.3 mm after recovery from DKA, p < 0.001). Children with ventricular narrowing during DKA treatment (22 children, 54%) were more likely to have mental status abnormalities than those without narrowing [12/22 vs. 4/19 with Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores below 15 during therapy, p = 0.03]. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that a lower initial PCO2 level was significantly associated with ventricular narrowing [odds ratio (OR) = 0.88, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 0.78-0.99, p = 0.047). No other variables analyzed were associated with ventricular narrowing in the multivariate analysis. We conclude that narrowing of the lateral ventricles is evident in just over half of children being treated for DKA. Although children with ventricular narrowing did not exhibit neurological abnormalities sufficient for a diagnosis of 'symptomatic cerebral edema', mild mental status abnormalities occurred frequently, suggesting that clinical evidence of cerebral edema in children with DKA may be more common than previously reported.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Availability of pediatric emergency visit data from existing data sources.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the availability and completeness of selected data elements from administrative and clinical sources for emergency department (ED) visits in a national pediatric research network. METHODS: This was a retrospective study of 25 EDs in the Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network. Data were obtained from two sources at each ED: 1) extant electronic administrative data for all visits during a 12-month period in 2002 and 2) data abstracted from medical records by trained abstractors for visits during ten randomly selected days over a three-month period in 2003. Epidemiologic data were obtained for all visits and additional clinical data for patients with two target conditions: asthma and fractures. RESULTS: A total of 749,036 visits were analyzed from administrative sources and 12,756 medical records abstracted. Data availability varied by element, method of capture, and site. From administrative sources, data on insurance type were the most complete (1.3% overall missing; range, 0%-18.5% for individual sites), whereas mode of arrival (25.5% missing) and triage time (65.3%) were the least complete. Disposition was missing in only 1.2% of medical records overall (range, 0%-5%) and diagnosis was missing in 3% (range, 0%-16%); these were missing from 14.4% and 10.5%, respectively, of administrative sources. Among visits with injury diagnoses, E-codes were missing in 27% of cases. For patients with asthma (n = 861), documentation of specific elements of the clinical examination by nurses and physicians was also variable. CONCLUSIONS: Data elements important in emergency medical care for children are frequently missing in existing administrative and medical record sources; completeness varies widely across EDs. Researchers must be aware of these limitations in the use of existing data when planning studies.

Data Collection↗
PubMed2005

The fast is positive, now what? Derivation of a clinical decision rule to determine the need for therapeutic laparotomy in adults with blunt torso trauma and a positive trauma ultrasound.

INTRODUCTION: The object of this study was to derive a clinical decision rule for therapeutic laparotomy among adult blunt trauma patients with a positive abdominal ultrasound for trauma (FAST) examination. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the trauma registry and medical records of all critical trauma patients who underwent a FAST examination in the emergency department (ED) in a university Level I trauma center over a 3-year period. Blunt trauma patients aged >16 years who had a positive FAST examination (defined as the presence of intraperitoneal fluid) were eligible. We selected seven clinical and ultrasound variables available during ED resuscitation for analysis: age, presence of an episode of hypotension (systolic blood pressure <90 torr in the ED), presence of abdominal tenderness, chest injury, pelvic fracture, femur fracture, and FAST fluid location (right upper quadrant [RUQ] only; RUQ plus other location; other location only). The primary outcome variable was whether a laparotomy was performed and whether this laparotomy was needed to provide the definitive surgical intervention ("therapeutic laparotomy"). We analyzed the variables using binary recursive partitioning analysis to create a decision rule. RESULTS: There were 2336 FAST examinations performed during the study period, resulting in 230 (9.8%) positive examinations in patients meeting inclusion criteria. There were 135 patients who had therapeutic laparotomies and 95 who did not need laparotomy. The groups were similar in baseline characteristics. In the recursive partitioning analysis, the first node in the decision tree was the presence of fluid in the RUQ. Of the 144 patients with RUQ fluid, 105 (73%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 64%-80%) required therapeutic laparotomy. Of the 86 patients without RUQ fluid, 30 (35%, 95% CI 25%-46%) nevertheless required therapeutic laparotomies, and the variables blood pressure, femur fracture, abdominal tenderness, and age further divided these patient into high- and low-risk groups. Of the 12 patients without RUQ fluid who had normal blood pressures, no femur fractures, no abdominal tenderness, and were aged 60 years and younger, none (95% CI 0%-22%) required therapeutic laparotomy. In conclusion, given a positive FAST examination, the presence of fluid in the RUQ is an important predictor of the need for therapeutic laparotomy. CONCLUSION: In the absence of fluid in the RUQ, there are other clinical variables that may allow for the development of a clinical decision rule regarding the need for therapeutic laparotomy.

Abdominal Injuries↗
PubMed2005

Performance of the pediatric glasgow coma scale in children with blunt head trauma.

OBJECTIVES: To compare the accuracy of a pediatric Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score in preverbal children with blunt head trauma with the standard GCS score in older children. METHODS: The authors prospectively enrolled children younger than 18 years with blunt head trauma. Patients were divided into cohorts of those 2 years and younger and those older than 2 years. The authors assigned a pediatric GCS score to the younger cohort and the standard GCS score to the older cohort. Outcomes were 1) traumatic brain injury (TBI) on computed tomography (CT) scan or 2) TBI in need of acute intervention. The authors created and compared receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves between the age cohorts for the association of GCS scores and TBI. RESULTS: The authors enrolled 2,043 children, and 327 were 2 years and younger. Among these 327, 15 (7.7%; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 4.4% to 12.4%) of 194 who underwent imaging with CT had TBI visible and nine (2.8%; 95% CI = 1.3% to 5.2%) had TBI needing acute intervention. In children older than 2 years, 83 (7.7%; 95% CI = 6.2% to 9.5%) of the 1,077 who underwent imaging with CT had TBI visible and 96 (5.6%; 95% CI = 4.6% to 6.8%) had TBI needing acute intervention. For the pediatric GCS in children 2 years and younger, the area under the ROC curve was 0.72 (95% CI = 0.56 to 0.87) for TBI on CT scan and 0.97 (95% CI = 0.94 to 1.00) for TBI needing acute intervention. For the standard GCS in older children, the area under the ROC curve was 0.82 (95% CI = 0.76 to 0.87) for TBI on CT scan and 0.87 (95% CI = 0.83 to 0.92) for TBI needing acute intervention. CONCLUSIONS: This pediatric GCS for children 2 years and younger compares favorably with the standard GCS in the evaluation of children with blunt head trauma. The pediatric GCS is particularly accurate in evaluating preverbal children with blunt head trauma with regard to the need for acute intervention.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Association between the "seat belt sign" and intra-abdominal injury in children with blunt torso trauma.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the association between an abdominal "seat belt sign" (SBS) and intra-abdominal injury (IAI) in children presenting to the emergency department (ED) after blunt trauma. METHODS: The authors performed a prospective, observational study of children at risk for IAI who presented to a Level 1 trauma center following a motor vehicle collision (MVC) during a two-year period. Physical examination findings were recorded prior to abdominal imaging or surgery. The SBS was defined as an area of erythema, ecchymoses, and/or abrasions across the patient's abdominal wall resulting from a seat belt restraint. Patients were divided into two cohorts based on the presence or absence of an SBS, then further subdivided based on abdominal tenderness or pain. The authors compared patients with and without SBS, and those with and without abdominal pain or tenderness for the presence of IAI. RESULTS: Three hundred ninety children, of whom 46 (12%, 95% CI = 9% to 15%) had an SBS, were enrolled. IAIs were more common in patients with, versus without, an SBS (14/46 vs. 36/344, relative risk 2.9; 95% CI = 1.7 to 5.0; p < 0.001). Patients with an SBS were more likely to have gastrointestinal injuries than those without an SBS (12/46 vs. 7/344, relative risk 12.8; 95% CI = 5.3 to 31; p = 0.001). Pancreatic injuries were also more common among patients with an SBS (3/46 vs. 1/344, relative risk 22; 95% CI = 2.4 to 211; p = 0.006). There was no difference in the prevalence of solid organ injuries between those with and without an SBS (4/46 vs. 34/344, relative risk 0.9, 95% CI = 0.3 to 2.4; p = 1.00). None of the six patients (0%, 95% CI = 0 to 39%) with an SBS, but without abdominal pain or tenderness, had IAIs. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with an SBS after an MVC are more likely to have IAIs than patients without an SBS, predominately due to a higher rate of gastrointestinal injuries. Patients with an SBS but without abdominal pain or tenderness appear to be at low risk for IAI.

Abdominal Injuries↗
PubMed2005

Clinical and demographic factors associated with urinary tract infection in young febrile infants.

OBJECTIVE: Previous research has identified clinical predictors for urinary tract infection (UTI) to guide urine screening in febrile children <24 months of age. These studies have been limited to single centers, and few have focused on young infants who may be most at risk for complications if a UTI is missed. The objective of this study was to identify clinical and demographic factors associated with UTI in febrile infants who are < or =60 days of age using a prospective multicenter cohort. METHODS: We conducted a multicenter, prospective, cross-sectional study during consecutive bronchiolitis seasons. All febrile (> or =38 degrees C) infants who were < or =60 days of age and seen at any of 8 pediatric emergency departments from October through March 1999-2001 were eligible. Clinical appearance was evaluated using the Yale Observation Scale. UTI was defined as growth of a known bacterial pathogen from a catheterized specimen at a level of (1) > or =50000 cfu/mL or (2) > or =10000 cfu/mL in association with a positive dipstick test or urinalysis. We used bivariate tests and multiple logistic regression to identify demographic and clinical factors that were associated with the likelihood of UTI. RESULTS: A total of 1025 (67%) of 1513 eligible patients were enrolled; 9.0% of enrolled infants received a diagnosis of UTI. Uncircumcised male infants had a higher rate of UTI (21.3%) compared with female (5.0%) and circumcised male (2.3%) infants. Infants with maximum recorded temperature of > or =39 degrees C had a higher rate of UTI (16.3%) than other infants (7.2%). After multivariable adjustment, UTI was associated with being uncircumcised (odds ratio: 10.4; bias-corrected 95% confidence interval: 4.7-31.4) and maximum temperature (odds ratio: 2.4 per degrees C; 95% confidence interval: 1.5-3.6). Factors that were reported previously to be associated with risk for UTI in infants and toddlers, such as white race and ill appearance, were not significantly associated with risk for UTI in this cohort of young infants. CONCLUSIONS: Being uncircumcised and height of fever were associated with UTI in febrile infants who were < or =60 days of age. Uncircumcised male infants were at particularly high risk and may warrant a different approach to screening and management.

Circumcision, Male↗
PubMed2005

Detection of cerebral {beta}-hydroxy butyrate, acetoacetate, and lactate on proton MR spectroscopy in children with diabetic ketoacidosis.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Ketone bodies provide important alternate fuel for brain metabolism, and their transport into the brain increases with prolonged fasting. During diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), serum ketone concentrations markedly increase; however, little is known about whether ketone bodies accumulate in cerebral tissues during DKA. We used proton MR spectroscopy (MRS) to detect cerebral beta-hydroxy butyrate (betaOHB) and acetone/acetocaetate (AcAc) in children with DKA. METHODS: Twenty-five children underwent brain MRS: nine within 4 hours of the start of treatment for DKA; 11, at 4-8 hours; and five, at 8-12 hours. MRS was repeated after their recovery from the DKA episode at > or =72 hours after the start of treatment. MRS was evaluated for peaks corresponding to betaOHB (doublet centered on 1.20 ppm) and lactate (doublet centered on 1.33 ppm). Difference spectroscopy was used to identify the AcAc peak at 2.22-2.26 ppm. RESULTS: betaOHB was detected in 13 children (52%), more frequently within 4 hours (eight children, 89%) than after 4 hours (five children, 31%). AcAc was detected in 15 children (60%), more frequently at >4 hours after the start of treatment (12 patients, 75%) than in the first 4 hours (three patients, 33%). Lactate was detected in five children (18%), all within the first 8 hours of treatment. CONCLUSION: In children, betaOHB and AcAc accumulate in the brain during DKA, and they can be detected on MRS. Care should be taken in interpreting MRS results in patients with DKA to avoid erroneously attributing betaOHB peaks to lactate.

3-Hydroxybutyric Acid↗
PubMed2004

Mechanism of cerebral edema in children with diabetic ketoacidosis.

OBJECTIVES: Cerebral edema during diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) has been attributed to osmotic cellular swelling during treatment. We evaluated cerebral water distribution and cerebral perfusion during DKA treatment in children. STUDY DESIGN: We imaged 14 children during DKA treatment and after recovery, using both diffusion and perfusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We assessed the apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) and measures reflecting cerebral perfusion. RESULTS: The ADC was significantly elevated during DKA treatment (indicating increased water diffusion) in all regions except the occipital gray matter. Mean reductions in the ADC from initial to postrecovery MRI were: basal ganglia 4.7 +/- 2.5 x 10(-5) mm(2)/s (P=.002), thalamus 3.7 +/- 2.8 x 10(-5) mm(2)/s, (P=.002), periaqueductal gray matter 4.3 +/- 5.1 x 10(-5) mm(2)/s (P=.03), and frontal white matter 2.0 +/- 3.1 x 10(-5) mm(2)/s (P=.03). In contrast, the ADC in the occipital gray matter increased significantly from the initial to postrecovery MRI (mean increase 3.9 +/- 3.9 x 10(-5) mm(2)/s, P=.004). Perfusion MRI during DKA treatment revealed significantly shorter mean transit times (MTTs) and higher peak tracer concentrations, possibly indicating increased cerebral blood flow (CBF). CONCLUSIONS: Elevated ADC values during DKA treatment suggests a vasogenic process as the predominant mechanism of edema formation rather than osmotic cellular swelling.

Adolescent↗