Biomedical subjects

Nazeem Muhajarine

Publications and source records attributed to Nazeem Muhajarine.

10 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2006

Using a naturalistic ecological approach to examine the factors influencing youth physical activity across grades 7 to 12.

High levels of inactivity in youth have led researchers and practitioners to focus on identifying the factors that influence physical activity behaviors in young people. The present study employed a qualitative ecological framework to examine the intrapersonal, social, and environmental factors influencing youth physical activity. In grade-specific focus group settings, 160 youth in grades 7 through 12 (aged 12 to 18) were asked how they would increase the physical activity levels of youth their age. Participants identified eight factors that they felt should be addressed in programs and interventions designed to increase the physical activity behaviors of youth. These factors included the importance of fun, having the time to be physically active, the benefits of activity, being active with friends, the role of adults, and the importance of being able to access facilities in their neighborhood.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2006

Factors that influence physical activity participation among high- and low-SES youth.

Researchers have rarely addressed the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and physical activity from the perspective of youth. To illuminate the factors that youth from low and high-SES areas consider important to increase physical activity participation among their peers, 160 youth (12-18 years) participated in small focus group interviews. Guiding questions centered on the general theme, "If you were the one in charge of increasing the physical activity levels of kids your age, what would you do?" Findings show that environmental factors (i.e., proximity, cost, facilities, and safety) are very important for youth living in low-SES areas to ensure participation in physical activity. Results also show that intrapersonal (i.e., perceived skill, competence, time) and social factors (i.e., friends, adult support) must be considered to help improve participation rates among both high- and low-SES youth.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2006

Antenatal depression.

About 20 per cent of pregnant women experience antenatal depression (AD), which not only has deleterious effects on the woman and her baby but also increases the risk of developing postpartum depression. Nurses who understand the prevalence, signs and symptoms, and risk factors associated with AD can help to identify it and prevent the sequelae. The signs and symptoms of depression in pregnancy do not differ from depression at at any other time. However, AD may go undiagnosed because of a focus on maternal and fetal well-being and the attribution of complaints to the physical and hormonal changes associated with pregnancy. Risk factors include history of depression, lack of partner, marital difficulties, lack of social support, poverty, family violence, increased life stress, substance abuse, history of previous abortions, unplanned pregnancy, ambivalence toward the pregnancy and anxiety about the fetus. Most of the standard treatments for depression can be used in pregnant women, with the exception of some antidepressant medications. Supportive therapies--exercise, adequate nutrition, adequate sleep, and support from family and friends--are also indicated. Screening of women with known risk factors is crucial, but the authors suggest that the high overall prevalence of depressive symptoms during pregnancy indicates a need for universal screening.

Antidepressive Agents↗

PubMed2005

Risk of hospitalization with peptic ulcer disease or gastrointestinal hemorrhage associated with nabumetone, Arthrotec, diclofenac, and naproxen in a population based cohort study.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the unbiased differences in the risk of hospitalization with peptic ulcer disease (PUD) or gastrointestinal (GI) hemorrhage among populations using 4 nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAID): nabumetone, Arthrotec, diclofenac plus a cytoprotective agent dispensed separately (diclo+coRx), and naproxen. METHODS: A population based historical cohort study using linked data from provincial healthcare databases. The population of the province of Saskatchewan, Canada, entitled to drug plan benefits in 1995 was eligible (roughly 91% of 1 million people). Participants were identified if they filled a prescription for one of the 4 study NSAID (18,424 individuals). They were then followed for 6 months to determine outcomes. Logistic regression was used to produce estimates of the risk of admission to hospital with a primary diagnosis of PUD or GI hemorrhage associated with the study drugs unbiased by known confounders. RESULTS: Compared to Arthrotec the adjusted odds of hospitalization for PUD for participants taking nabumetone was 2.6 (95% CI 1.0-6.6), diclo+coRx 6.8 (95% CI 3.5-13.4), and naproxen 7.9 (95% CI 3.9-15.9). Compared to nabumetone the adjusted odds of hospitalization for PUD for participants taking diclo+coRx was 2.7 (95% CI 1.2-6.0) and naproxen 3.1 (95% CI 1.3-7.1). No significant differences were noted in terms of admissions for GI hemorrhage. CONCLUSION: Participants taking nabumetone and Arthrotec had significantly lower risk of hospitalization for PUD than those taking the other study drugs. Arthrotec was superior to nabumetone in a head to head comparison and especially when compared with the diclo+coRx and naproxen groups. No short term differences were seen in the rates of admission for GI hemorrhage. It appears that inherent gastroprotective strategies with Arthrotec and to a lesser extent with nabumetone do translate into decreased serious GI side effects at the population level in the short term.

Aged↗

PubMed2004

A population based historical cohort study of the mortality associated with nabumetone, Arthrotec, diclofenac, and naproxen.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the unbiased differences in all cause mortality among populations using 4 non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAID): nabumetone, Arthrotec, diclofenac plus a cytoprotective agent dispensed separately (diclofenac+), and naproxen. METHODS: We performed a population based historical cohort study using linked data from several provincial health care databases. Logistic regression was used to produce estimates of the mortality associated with the study drugs unbiased by known confounders. The entire population of the province of Saskatchewan, Canada entitled to drug plan benefits in 1995 was eligible (approximately 91% of 1 million people). Participants were identified if they filled a prescription for one of the 4 study NSAID (18,424 individuals). They were then followed forward in time for 6 months to determine all cause mortality. RESULTS: Compared to nabumetone, the adjusted odds of death for participants taking Arthrotec was 1.4 (95% confidence interval, CI: 0.9-2.1), for diclofenac+ 2.0 (1.3-3.1), and naproxen 3.0 (1.9-4.6). CONCLUSION: The multivariate analysis showed patients taking nabumetone and Arthrotec had significantly lower mortality than those taking other study drugs. Nabumetone had 1/3 to 1/5 the mortality associated with the diclofenac+ and naproxen groups. It appears that inherent gastroprotective strategies in the study NSAID may translate into decreased mortality at the population level.

Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems↗

PubMed2003

Social role occupancy, gender, income adequacy, life stage and health: a longitudinal study of employed Canadian men and women.

Social role researchers are increasingly going beyond simply asking whether role occupancy is associated with health status to clarifying the context in which particular social role-health relationships emerge. Building on this perspective, the present study investigates the relationship between social role occupancy and health status over time in a sample of employed Canadian men and women who vary by family role occupancy, life stage, and income adequacy. Results indicated that compared to triple role women (defined as those who are married, have children living at home and are in the workforce), single and double role occupants in 1994/95 were significantly more likely to report poorer self-rated health and the presence of a chronic health condition in 1996/97. This relationship held true for women in varying life stage and economic circumstances. While family role occupancies were not as strongly related to the health status of men as women, one exception emerged: for older men, single and double role occupants reported significantly poorer self-rated health status than triple role men. Methodological limitations of the study are discussed, and the need for added specificity in the study of social roles and health status emphasized.

Adult↗

PubMed2003

Diet, obesity and education in three age groups of Saskatchewan women.

Research on relationships between socioeconomic status and Canadians' diet is limited. The current study investigated differences by education in dietary variables shown to be related to obesity; it included three age groups of Saskatchewan women who participated in the 1992 to 1993 Heart Health Intervention Evaluation baseline study. Multistage sampling was used to select randomly from the Saskatchewan Health Insurance Registration File. The overall response rate was 42.6%; a sample representative of the general Saskatchewan population was obtained. Three-day estimated food records and demographic information from 396 women aged 18 to 74 years were subdivided into three age categories: 18 to 34 years, 35 to 54 years, and 55 to 74 years. For the 18- to 34-year group, obesity was significantly more prevalent with lower education; trends were similar for the older age groups. Under-reporting of energy intake (indicated by an energy intake:basal metabolic rate ratio of <1.1) was related to obesity but not to education. The greatest differences in diet between educational groups were observed in the 18- to 34-year group; fewer differences existed in the 35- to 54-year group, and none in the 55- to 74-year group. Health promotion efforts need to be targeted appropriately, and based on differences in dietary intakes by socioeconomic group. Research should help promote an understanding of the reasons for differences in diet by socioeconomic status.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2002

An integrated exploration into the social and environmental determinants of health: the Saskatchewan Population Health and Evaluation Research Unit (SPHERU).

The Saskatchewan Population Health and Evaluation Research Unit (SPHERU) is a new interdisciplinary research institute established by the Universities of Saskatchewan and Regina. SPHERU developed four of its research programs using a hierarchic model of health determining conditions and contexts. In descending order these programs include: Economic and Environmental Globalization, Governance and Health Community/Environment as a Health Determinant Multiple Roles, Gender and Health Determinants of Healthy Childhood Development A fifth program researching the determinants of health of indigenous peoples spans all four levels. Two research projects, one on power, control and health, and another on community capacity building approaches to human service programs, assist SPHERU in developing the theoretical linkages between its programs. This article describes SPHERU's research model and the Unit's approach to research and summarizes each of its current research programs and projects.

Canada↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Prevalence of antenatal depression in women enrolled in an outreach program in Canada.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of depression and its correlates in pregnancy and to establish the appropriateness of using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale with inner-city, high-risk pregnant women. DESIGN: Convenience sample of women enrolled in a prenatal outreach program. Women were recruited and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale was administered during home visits. PARTICIPANTS: 39 women, most of whom were Aboriginal, participating in a prenatal outreach program. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale score of >or=10 suggests minor depressive symptoms and >or=13 suggests probable major depression. RESULTS: 27% of women reported symptoms consistent with major depression. The Aboriginal women had higher levels of depressive symptoms than the non-Aboriginal women. Women who had stopped using tobacco or alcohol during pregnancy had more depressive symptoms than those who had quit before pregnancy. Acceptability of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale for use with high-risk, Aboriginal, and non-Aboriginal pregnant women was supported. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of depressive symptoms and concurrent substance use within this population is a major public health problem. Nurses can incorporate the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale into routine prenatal visits to identify women at risk for depression.

Community-Institutional Relations↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The health of single fathers: demographic, economic and social correlates.

BACKGROUND: The proportion of families headed by single fathers is increasing in many developed countries. The purpose of the present study was to examine the impact of single parenting on the self-rated health of Canadian fathers living with children, and the extent to which this relationship can be explained by social, demographic, and economic factors. METHODS: Secondary analysis of data from a national community health survey. The sample studied consists of 15,662 Canadian men aged 15-64, living with at least one child under the age of 25. RESULTS: Compared to partnered fathers, single fathers had poorer self-rated health. The relationship between partner status and self-rated health could be completely explained by single fathers' older age, lower income, and higher rate of unemployment. CONCLUSIONS: Single fathers experience poorer perceived health. This effect appears to result from the economic and social disadvantage associated with raising children alone rather than from single parenting in and of itself. These findings, in combination with previous research, suggest a need for provincial and federal policies to target the well-being of both single mothers and single fathers.

Adolescent↗