Influence of acute and sub-chronic nicotine pretreatment on morphine state-dependent learning.
In the present study, the effects of acute and sub-chronic pretreatment of nicotine on impairment of memory formation and the state-dependent learning by morphine have been investigated in mice. Pre-training administration of morphine (5mg/kg) decreased the learning of a one-trial passive avoidance task, which was reversed by pre-test administration of the same dose of morphine. Amnesia induced by pre-training morphine was also significantly reversed in nicotine (0.001, 0.01 and 0.1 mg/kg)-treated animals on the test day. Morphine induced amnesia was also reversed in animals which had previously received sub-chronic injections of nicotine, once daily for 3 days followed by 14 days of no drug treatment. The restoration of memory by pre-test morphine was also reduced in animals which had previously received once daily injections of atropine (0.25, 0.5 and 1 mg/kg, i.p.) for 3 days after 14 of being days drug free. In the animals, restoration of memory by sub-chronic nicotine administration, was also decreased by once daily administration of atropine (0.25, 0.5 and 1 mg/kg) 10 min prior to injection of nicotine (0.1 microg/kg/day, for 3 days) but not with SCH 23390; R(+)-7-chloro-8-hydroxy-3-methyl-1-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepine HCl (0.01, 0.05 and 0.1 mg/kg) or sulpiride (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg) during 3-days of treatment with nicotine. The results suggest that nicotine may induce sensitization which affects the impairment of memory formation via cholinergic but not dopaminergic systems.