Biomedical subjects
Newton G Osborne
Publications and source records attributed to Newton G Osborne.
Two-dimensional and three-dimensional sonography of conjoined twins.
PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the diagnostic capabilities of 2-dimensional (2D) and 3-dimensional (3D) sonography for the study of conjoined twins. METHODS: Four pregnant women with an initial 2D sonographic diagnosis of conjoined twins were examined with color Doppler sonography, 3D multiplanar sonography, and orthogonal plane imaging and 3D surface rendering. RESULTS: All 4 cases of conjoined twins were initially diagnosed with either transvaginal or transabdominal 2D sonography. 3D sonography afforded more realistic views and demonstrated more clearly the linking areas and surface anomalies, but 2D and color Doppler sonography provided more definitive and specific information about shared organs. CONCLUSIONS: Although 2D sonography is the primary modality for diagnosing and evaluating conjoined twins, color Doppler and 3D sonography can sometimes provide additional information that assists in the clinical management of these twins. 3D sonography also provides images that are easier for parents to understand, which can help them with decision making.
Multiple congenital contractures (congenital multiple arthrogryposis).
Arthrogryposis, is the occurrence of joint contractures of variable etiology that start prenatally. Arthrogryposis may result from neurologic deficit, neuromuscular disorders, connective tissue abnormalities, amniotic bands, [figure: see text] or fetal crowding. Arthrogryposis may result from no apparent hereditary causes (neuropathic, for example) or may be the result of hereditary factors (myopathic form, for example). Ultrasound diagnosis depends on observation of scant or absent motion of fetal extremities. Prognosis depends on the specific etiology of the contractures.
Two-dimensional and three-dimensional ultrasound of fetal anasarca: the glass baby.
Fetal edema was recognized in the past as a complication of alloimmune disease. More recently, fetal edema is frequently seen in conditions that cause non-immune fetal hydrops with increased soft tissue thickness. Classically there is a halo pattern around fetal head, neck, thorax, and abdomen. Fetal edema is associated with karyotype abnormalities, with multiple congenital anomalies, and with certain fetal infections like parvovirus B19 that cause severe fetal anemia. In the present case there was no evidence of infection or karyotype abnormality, but there was hypoplasia of umbilical cord vessels, pulmonary hypoplasia, and pericardial effusion. The etiology of fetal hydrops may remain unknown in up to 30% of cases.
Two- and three-dimensional ultrasound in malformations of the medullary canal: report of four cases.
A comparison between two-dimensional (2D), and three-dimensional (3D) ultrasonography was made in four fetuses diagnosed with neural tube defect (NTD) in the first half of pregnancy. 3D ultrasonography (orthogonal and multiplanar systems) proved to be an excellent complement to 2D, particularly when using orthogonal planes. When using the 3D multiplanar surface imaging system, excellent images of the malformations can be rapidly obtained.