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Biomedical subjects

Nick Fox

Publications and source records attributed to Nick Fox.

10 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Health identities: from expert patient to resisting consumer.

This article explores the formation of 'health identities': embodied subjectivities that emerge out of complex psychosocial contexts of reflexive modernity, in relation to data on health and illness practices among groups of people and patients using medical technologies including weight-loss drugs and the erectile dysfunction drug sildenafil (Viagra). We examine a range of health identities, from the 'expert patient'--a person who broadly adopts a biomedical model of health and illness, to a 'resisting consumer', who fabricates a health identity around lay experiential models of health and the body. The understanding of health identities is developed within a theoretical framework drawing on previous work on body/self and the work of Deleuze and Guattari. It is concluded that the constellation of health identities reflects the diversity of relations in an industrialized, technology-driven, consumer-oriented and media-saturated society.

Anti-Obesity Agents↗
PubMed2006

Designing for e-Health: recurring scenarios in developing grid-based medical imaging systems.

The paper draws on a number of Grid projects, particularly on the experience of NeuroGrid, a UK project in the Neurosciences tasked with developing a Grid-based collaborative research environment to support the sharing of digital images and patient data across multiple distributed sites. It outlines recurrent socio-technical issues, highlighting the challenges of scaling up technological networks in advance of the regulatory networks which normally regulate their use in practice.

Biomedical Research↗
PubMed2005

The birth of the e-clinic. Continuity or transformation in the UK governance of pharmaceutical consumption?

Traditional arrangements for the prescription and dispensing of pharmaceuticals have been challenged by the rise of Internet services enabling consumers to acquire these products online, without a face-to-face contact with a professional. This paper considers three moments in the emergence of the 'e-clinic' as an alternative route to prescription drugs in the United Kingdom: the electronic transfer of prescriptions; the development of the e-pharmacy and the 'virtual' pharmacist, and the establishment of online virtue medicine consultations. We examine the phenomenon in relation to issues of governance, considering the legal and voluntary frameworks that govern prescribing. Documentary and interview data suggest that the Internet has the potential to transform the relations between prescribers, dispensers and consumers, but that stakeholders seek continuity by applying existing governance frameworks and codes of conduct. This continuity can be explained by Rosenau's (Along the Domestic-Foreign Frontier. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1997) model of a contested and fragmenting process of technology governance.

Diffusion of Innovation↗
PubMed2005

An inverse problem approach to the estimation of volume change.

We present a new technique for determining structure-by-structure volume changes, using an inverse problem approach. Given a pre-labelled brain and a series of images at different time-points, we generate finite element meshes from the image data, with volume change modelled by means of an unknown coefficient of expansion on a per-structure basis. We can then determine the volume change in each structure of interest using inverse problem optimization techniques. The proposed method has been tested with simulated and clinical data. Results suggest that the presented technique can be seen as an alternative for volume change estimation.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2005

Pro-anorexia, weight-loss drugs and the internet: an "anti-recovery" explanatory model of anorexia.

This paper explores the online "pro-anorexia" underground, a movement that supports those with anorexia and adopts an "anti-recovery" perspective on the disease. While encouraging a "healthy" diet to sustain an anorexic way-of-life, the movement also recommends the radical use of weight-loss pharmaceuticals to pursue and maintain low body weight, in contrast to their conventional use to treat obesity. Using ethnographic and interview data collected from participants in the "Anagrrl" website and online forum, we analyse the pro-anorexia (or "pro-ana") movement in terms of its underlying "explanatory model" of the disease, and contrast it with medical, psychosocial, sociocultural and feminist models that encourage a "normalisation" of body shape and weight. We suggest that for participants in pro-ana, anorexia represents stability and control, and Anagrrl offers support and guidance for those who wish to remain in this "sanctuary". We discuss the pro-anorexia movement's use of the internet to facilitate resistance to medical and social theories of disease, and its subversion of pharmaceutical technologies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Voxel-based morphometry detects patterns of atrophy that help differentiate progressive supranuclear palsy and Parkinson's disease.

Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are neurodegenerative diseases with distinctive pathological appearances. Early clinical diagnosis can be difficult. MRI may help differentiate PSP from PD, but the differences are often only obvious with advanced disease. It would be useful to have an unbiased assessment of difference to guide visual assessment of MRI as an aid to clinical diagnosis. Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) offers nonbiased, observer-independent morphometric MRI analysis. Our objectives were to assess structural differences between PSP, PD, and normal controls and test the clinical utility of the results. T1-weighted MR images in 12 patients with clinically diagnosed PSP, 12 with PD, and 12 age- and sex-matched controls were normalized to a common stereotaxic space and segmented into gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) then analyzed using VBM. MRI scans were reviewed by a neuroradiologist blinded to the clinical diagnosis and assigned to the "non-PSP" or "PSP" group based on regional differences highlighted using VBM. VBM revealed significant group differences between PSP and PD as well as PSP and controls, with tissue reduction demonstrated in the region of the cerebral peduncles and midbrain. With these regional differences as a guide, neuroradiological diagnosis achieved a sensitivity of 83% and a specificity of 79%. VBM did not detect dramatic changes in frontal regions despite significant frontal cognitive decline in the PSP group. Pathology in the basal ganglia rather than tissue loss in the frontal lobes could be responsible for this. This information may help in the differentiation of PSP in clinical practice.

Aged↗
PubMed2002

Structural magnetic resonance imaging in the practical assessment of dementia: beyond exclusion.

Neuroimaging is increasingly used to aid diagnosis in dementia. The traditional view that imaging is important solely as means of excluding treatable causes of dementia is maintained by many guidelines. These conditions however, account for a tiny proportion (<1%) of all causes of dementia. Over the past few years it has been recognised that a more accurate diagnosis and prognosis is important for patients and their families. The different pathological processes that produce cerebral dysfunction at a cellular level also produce macroscopic effects that can be detected in vivo with imaging. Clinically useful measures that distinguish between neurodegenerative disorders at an early stage are still awaited. The most likely future use of structural imaging will be the identification of patients at risk for Alzheimer's disease or with preclinical Alzheimer's disease. For magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) this will mean focusing on those areas that are affected earliest in the disease; ie, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus, using high resolution structural MRI or sophisticated brain mapping techniques. Imaging research is also likely to focus on measuring progression and detecting therapeutic effect. As such, MRI is already become an indispensable tool in clinical trials in dementia.

Brain↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pulse oximetry.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Humans↗