Biomedical subjects

Nikola Janković

Publications and source records attributed to Nikola Janković.

3 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2005

[Prevention and treatment of hepatitis B in patients on hemodialysis and vaccination of hemodialysis health personnel against hepatitis B].

The prevalence and incidence of hepatitis B in hemodialysis patients in Croatia have been estimated to 1.3% and 0.03%, respectively. HBV infection in dialysis patients is usually asymptomatic, has a prolonged course, and progresses to chronic HBsAg hepatitis in 50% of cases. Some 15%-40% of HBsAg carriers on dialysis will develop cirrhosis, liver decompensation or hepatocellular carcinoma. Strict adherence to the standard infection prevention measures, continuous monitoring of HBV markers in patients on hemodialysis, patient and personnel immunization and hepatitis B treatment in hemodialyzed patients are mandatory. Each new patient in a dialysis center must be tested for HBV markers irrespective of prior immunization. All patients in the center should be routinely screened every 3-4 months. HBV immunization is mandatory for all patients on dialysis. In patients with uremia the anti-HBs antibody production is decreased (antibodies will develop in 50%-60% of cases after immunization). It is recommended to immunize all patients with progressive kidney disease, preferably in the preterminal stage. Hepatitis B therapy is recommended in all patients with biopsy proven chronic liver disease. Patients should be treated with standard interferon alpha and/or lamivudine, or peginterferon alpha monotherapy. Hepatitis B treatment is most important in kidney and/or liver transplant candidates. HBV immunization is obligatory for all hospital personnel who are in close contact with infected patients and infective materials.

Hepatitis B↗

PubMed2003

[Adequacy of dialysis at the Department of Nephrology and Dialysis of the Sveti Duh General Hospital in Zagreb and the Dialysis Outcomes Quality Initiative (DOQI) guidelines--comparison of the years 1998 and 2002].

Every year ever more and more patients in our country receive some form of dialysis, which provides life-saving renal replacement therapy for end-stage renal disease. In an effort to improve the quality and outcomes of dialysis care, the National Kidney Foundation--Dialysis Outcomes Quality Initiative (NKF-DOQI) have developed clinical practice guidelines for care of dialysis patients regarding hemodialysis adequacy, peritoneal dialysis adequacy, treatment of anemia, and vascular access. The morbidity and mortality of patients is strongly connected with dialysis adequacy and degree of anemia. We compared 180 patients on hemodialysis (HD) in 1998 and 177 patients in 2002, who are regularly treated in our Center with the use of DOQI guidelines. Dialysis adequacy was assessed by use of urea reduction ratio URR = 1-(post. urea/pre. urea), and overall wellbeing according to the degree of anemia, number of blood transfusions, presence of elevated blood pressure, and number of antihypertensives in therapy. In year 2002, 50% of the patients had adequate dialysis compared with 30% in 1998. The average duration on dialysis and the age of patients did not change. We recorded a rise in hemoglobin from 80 g/L to 92 g/L, and in the use of EPO (from 18% to 30%). No case of hypoalbuminemia was observed. The aim of dialysis is to improve the overall wellbeing of uremic patients. Comparing our results with DOQI-guidelines, we demonstrated that dialysis therapy could be improved to prevent complications and early mortality in dialysis patients.

Guideline Adherence↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Catheter placement for peritoneal dialysis using videoendoscopy].

From December 1993 to December 2000 at the Department of Surgery, General Hospital "Sveti Duh", and University, Hospitals Split and Osijek the catheter for peritoneal dialysis was placed in 128 patients, in 137 cases. Videoendoscopic procedure, with the trocar made precisely for that purpose, was used. All surgical procedures, performed in the completely equipped operation room and in general anesthesia, were done without any intraoperative or postoperative complications. The procedure showed to have all advantages of endoscopic or minimally invasive surgery. The patients recovered quickly with low consumption of analgesics, got out of the bed and started with feeding sooner. There were no wound complications. It was possible to start with the dialysis 2-3 days after the procedure. Most important, the results showed that using this approach in comparison to others, there were no more dialysis solution leakages, catheter drainage problems, or more tunnel, exit site or peritoneal infections. Along with placing the catheter, other surgical procedures could be also done without increasing the complication rate. Therefore, laparoscopic cholecystectomy was done in 12 cases, adhesiolysis in 25 cases, and right adnexectomy, open hernioplasty and umbilical hernioplasty in one case. Videoendoscopic approach of placing the catheter is a simple, short and patient convenient procedure, with quick recovery and without any increase in complication rate.

Adult↗