Corporate strategies for computerization.
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Electronic Data Processing↗
Biomedical subjects
Nirav Shah
Publications and source records attributed to Nirav Shah.
Clathrin-mediated endocytosis of the epithelial sodium channel. Role of epsin.
Here we present evidence that the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC), a heteromeric membrane protein whose surface expression is regulated by ubiquitination, is present in clathrin-coated vesicles in epithelial cells that natively express ENaC. The channel subunits are ubiquitinated and co-immunoprecipitate with both epsin and clathrin adaptor proteins, and epsin, as expected, co-immunoprecipitates with clathrin adaptor proteins. The functional significance of these interactions was evaluated in a Xenopus oocyte expression system where co-expression of epsin and ENaC resulted in a down-regulation of ENaC activity; conversely, co-expression of epsin sub-domains acted as dominant-negative effectors and stimulated ENaC activity. These results identify epsin as an accessory protein linking ENaC to the clathrin-based endocytic machinery thereby regulating the activity of this ion channel at the cell surface.
Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport↗
Afternoon colonoscopies have higher failure rates than morning colonoscopies.
BACKGROUND: There are several known predictors of an incomplete colonoscopy or difficult colonoscopy. In addition, inadequate bowel preparation has been reported in procedures scheduled later in the day. Operator fatigue, which tends to be higher as the day passes on, may also impact colonoscopy completion rate. AIMS: To determine the influence of performing outpatient colonoscopies in the afternoon versus morning on the completion rates of colonoscopy and adequacy of bowel preparation. METHODS: Retrospective chart review of all outpatient colonoscopies performed between November 2003 and October 2004 in the Division of Gastroenterology at MetroHealth Medical Center in Cleveland, Ohio. Patient demographics, indications for procedure, and colonoscopic findings were reviewed. Patients received polyethylene glycol electrolyte-based bowel preparation in the evening prior to the day of the scheduled colonoscopy. RESULTS: A total of 2,087 colonoscopies was performed, of which 1,084 were in the morning and 999 were in the afternoon. Patients in the morning and afternoon were similar in regards to the known risk factors predictive of an incomplete colonoscopy. The incompletion rate was significantly higher in the afternoon compared to the morning (6.5% vs 4.1%, P= 0.013, OR for incompletion was 1.64, CI 1.11-2.44). Inadequate bowel preparation was found in 167 out of 1,084 (15.4%) colonoscopies in the morning and 197 out of 999 (19.7%) colonoscopies in the afternoon (P= 0.011). Even after excluding incomplete colonoscopies due to poor bowel preparation precluding examination, the incompletion rate was still higher in the afternoon (5% vs 3.2%, P= 0.043, OR 1.60, CI 1.03-2.51). CONCLUSIONS: Scheduling of colonoscopies in the afternoon compared to the morning may be an independent predictor of an incomplete colonoscopy and inadequate bowel preparation. According to our study findings, scheduling of all outpatient colonoscopies preferentially in the morning would avoid suboptimal procedures in 5% of patients and the need for unnecessary repeat colonoscopy or an alternative imaging study in 2.4% of patients.
Aged↗
Maxillary removal and reinsertion in pediatric patients.
OBJECTIVE: To examine outcomes after the maxillary removal and reinsertion (MRR) approach for the treatment of anterior cranial base tumors in pediatric patients. DESIGN: Eligible patients were identified by medical record review. Consenting patients were studied via rhinoscopy, fiberoptic endoscopy, standard facial photographs, and cephalometric radiographs. SETTING: A tertiary care otolaryngology clinic. PATIENTS: Inclusion criteria were age younger than 16 years at time of initial procedure and a follow-up period of at least 6 months. Nine patients were eligible, and 5 enrolled. All were male patients (mean age, 13.8 years; age range, 11-15 years) treated for juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: History and examination were performed to evaluate occlusion, vision, facial growth, and tumor status. Cephalograms were used to calculate 3 standard cephalometric measurements: sella to A point, basion to A point, and condylion to A point. Cephalograms were examined for plate migration and bony resorption. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: No major long-term complications were identified in the patients after MRR. Cephalometric analysis revealed minor abnormalities in 2 children, but no plate migration or bony resorption was identified in the removed and reinserted maxillae. No abnormal development patterns were detected on physical examination or when cephalometric measurements were compared with age- and race-matched normative data. Although further study is warranted, MRR seems safe and effective for treatment of pediatric patients with anterior cranial base tumors.
Angiofibroma↗
Prevalence and correction of 25(OH) vitamin D deficiency in peritoneal dialysis patients.
BACKGROUND: Peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients are at risk for 25(OH) vitamin D deficiency due to effluent loss in addition to traditional risk factors. OBJECTIVES: To measure 25(OH) vitamin D deficiency in prevalent PD patients, to evaluate a replacement dose, and to determine the effects of correction. METHODS: 25(OH) vitamin D levels were drawn on prevalent PD patients. Patients deficientin 25(OH) vitamin D were given ergocalciferol, 50000 IU orally once per week for 4 weeks. Patients scored muscle weakness, bone pain, and fatigue on a scale of 0 (none) to 5 (severe). Serum calcium, phosphate, parathyroid hormone (PTH), and 25(OH) vitamin D, and 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D levels were obtained before and after treatment. RESULTS: 25(OH) vitamin D levels were measured in 29 PD patients. Deficiency (<15 ng/mL) was found in 28/29 (97%); 25/29 (86%) had undetectable levels (<7 ng/mL). One course of ergocalciferol corrected the deficiency in all but 1 patient, who required a second course. Scores for muscle weakness and bone pain fell from pre- to posttreatment (p < 0.001). 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D levels rose post ergocalciferol (from 20 to 26 pg/mL, n = 20, p = 0.09). Serum calcium, phosphate, and PTH levels did not change with ergocalciferol. CONCLUSIONS: Most PD patients had marked 25(OH) vitamin D deficiency, which was readily and safely corrected with one course of 50000 IU ergocalciferol, having no effect on serum calcium, phosphorus, or PTH, but complaints of muscle weakness and bone pain decreased. A prospective, placebo-controlled double-blinded study is needed to determine whether replacement of 25(PH) vitamin D is beneficial in PD patients.
Administration, Oral↗