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Nishant Kumar

Publications and source records attributed to Nishant Kumar.

12 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Effect of different levels and sources of zinc supplementation on quantitative and qualitative semen attributes and serum testosterone level in crossbred cattle (Bos indicus x Bos taurus) bulls.

An experiment was conducted on 16 crossbred bulls (about 2 years of age, 316.2+/-0.77 kg average body weight), divided into groups I, II, III and IV to study the effect of different levels of Zn supplementation from inorganic and organic sources on semen quality. The animals in the first 3 groups were supplemented with 0, 35 and 70 ppm Zn from Zn sulfate, respectively and the animals in-group IV were supplemented with 35 ppm Zn as Zn propionate. Semen collection and evaluation was done in the first month (to assess semen quality at the start of the experiment) and 7th, 8th and 9th month of experimental feeding to evaluate the effect of supplemental Zn on semen attributes. We gave 6 months for Zn feeding, so that 3 sperm cycles of spermatogenesis had passed and the collected semen reflected the complete effect of Zn supplementation. Six ejaculates from each bull were collected and evaluated for semen quantitative (ejaculate volume, sperm concentration and sperm number per ejaculate) and qualitative characteristics (semen pH, mass motility, individual motility, sperm livability percent and abnormal sperm percent, percent intact acrosome, bovine cervical mucus penetration test, hypo-osmotic sperm swelling test) and activity of seminal plasma enzymes i.e., alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, GOT and GPT. Testosterone level in the blood serum of crossbred bulls was also estimated. Mean values of semen quantitative and qualitative characteristics at the start of the experiment were statistically non significant (P > 0.05) in all the crossbred cattle bulls, however, there were statistically significant differences among the bulls of different groups after 6 months of zinc supplementation. Mean ejaculate volume (mL) was 2.37, 4.70, 5.86 and 6.38, respectively in groups I to IV, indicating a statistically significant (P < 0.05) higher semen volume in Zn-supplemented groups as compared to the control group of bulls. Similarly, sperm concentration (million.mL(-1)), live sperm (%) and motility (%) were significantly (P < 0.01) higher in Zn-supplemented groups as compared to the control group. The results of BCMPT and HOSST revealed a significant improvement in sperm functional ability in all the groups supplemented with Zn as compared to the control group. The activity of alkaline and acid phosphatase in seminal plasma was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in the Zn-supplemented groups, whereas GOT and GPT activities in seminal plasma were significantly (P < 0.05) lower in the Zn propionate supplemented group as compared to the control group. Testosterone concentration (ng.mL(-1)) in blood serum was significantly higher in animals of groups III and IV, as compared to control group. It may be concluded that Zn supplementation either in the inorganic or organic form in the diet of crossbred bulls improved the qualitative and quantitative attributes of semen; however, the number of sperm per ejaculate, mass motility and semen fertility test like bovine cervical mucus penetration was significantly higher in bulls given Zn in an organic form (Zn propionate) as compared to an inorganic form (Zn sulfate).

Acrosome↗
PubMed2006

Sub-Tenon's anesthesia with aspirin, warfarin, and clopidogrel.

PURPOSE: To review the frequency of hemorrhagic complications with sub-Tenon's anesthesia in patients on aspirin, warfarin or clopidogrel. SETTING: St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom. METHODS: Data were collected prospectively for patients having elective phacoemulsification under sub-Tenon's anesthesia. Seventy-five patients were on aspirin, 65 were on warfarin, and 40 were on clopidogrel. Seventy-five patients on no anticoagulants were used as the control group. No changes in the anticoagulant regimen were made prior to surgery. RESULTS: No sight-threatening hemorrhagic complications were noted, and no surgery was postponed or cancelled due to an anesthesic complication. Subconjunctival hemorrhage occurred in 19% in the control group, 40% in the clopidogrel group, 35% in the warfarin group, and 21% in the aspirin group. The warfarin and clopidogrel groups had the highest incidence of subconjunctival hemorrhage (P<.05). The incidence of hemorrhages involving more than 1 quadrant was highest in these 3 groups; however, this did not achieve statistical significance (P = .37, Fisher exact test). CONCLUSION: Data from this study support the continued use of anticoagulant agents among routine users during cataract surgery using a sub-Tenon's block.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Intraoperative eye position after sub-Tenon's anesthesia for cataract surgery.

BACKGROUND: To evaluate the incidence and extent of ocular deviation associated with sub-Tenon's anesthesia. METHODS: Seventy-five consecutive patients undergoing routine phacoemulsification with sub-Tenon's anesthesia at the Eye Unit, Royal Gwent Hospital, were prospectively enrolled in this observational case series. The exclusion criteria were patients taking warfarin, or patients with preexisting ocular motility disorders, allergy to local anesthetics, or previous surgery for squint or retinal detachment. Eleven patients were subsequently excluded from the study group as they required additional anesthesia blocks before measurements were taken for ocular deviation. We injected 5 mL of a local anesthetic mixture of 2% lignocaine and 7.5 mg/mL levobupivacaine in the sub-Tenon's space in the inferonasal quadrant. Ocular deviation was assessed objectively by means of the Krimsky test. Forced duction tests were performed before and after anesthesia. RESULTS: Hyperdeviation was documented in 49 (77%) eyes, exodeviation in 62 (97%), and hypodeviation in 6 (9.4%). No esodeviations were documented. Only 2 patients were orthophoric after anesthesia. Mean vertical deviation was 4.4 prism dioptres (PD) (SD 4.7 PD, 95% CI 3.2-5.5 PD, range 0-14 PD). Mean horizontal deviation was 19.5 (SD 9.6, 95% CI 17-22, range 0-50) PD. Forced duction test revealed no mechanical restriction before or after anesthesia. INTERPRETATION: This study suggests that there is an appreciable ocular deviation with sub-Tenon's anesthesia. Intraoperative ocular deviation may make certain procedures more difficult; therefore, we recommend a low threshold for an additional corrective block administered before surgery to rectify the deviation.

Anesthesia, Local↗
PubMed2005

Lack of association of brucellosis resistance with (GT)(13) microsatellite allele at 3'UTR of NRAMP1 gene in Indian zebu (Bos indicus) and crossbred (Bos indicus x Bos taurus) cattle.

Natural resistance associated macrophage protein 1 (NRAMP1), an integral transmembrane protein, is reported to influence the intraphagosomal microbial replication and thereby confer resistance to several intracellular pathogens in mice. In bovine, a significant association of (GT)(13) allelic variant of polymorphic microsatellite at 3' untranslated region (UTR) of NRAMP1 gene with natural resistance to brucellosis has been established. The present study was aimed to detect polymorphism at 3'UTR of NRAMP1 gene in Hariana breed of Bos indicus cattle and Holstein Friesian crossbred (B. indicusxBos taurus) cattle, and to determine the association of this polymorphism with resistance/susceptibility to brucellosis. The (GT)(n) polymorphism at 3'UTR in terms of variation in fragment length was determined using denaturing polyacrylamide gel analysis of radioisotope incorporated amplicon of 174 bp. Screening of a total of 100 samples (comprising 50 random samples of each breed) revealed that animals were of same genotype, i.e., homozygous (GT)(13)/(GT)(13). Sequencing of amplicons from representative animals confirmed the presence of (GT)(13) repeat. For association study, the animals that were positive in all three serological tests (viz., RBPT, STAT and ELISA) and had history of abortion were grouped as "affected"; whereas the animals that were negative in all these tests and completed third lactation without any history of abortion were grouped as "non-affected". Since, all animals belonging to either group were homozygous (GT)(13), association could not be established. However, the present study demonstrated that the presence of (GT)(13) allele even in homozygous condition could not provide enough resistance to brucellosis in a naturally infected herd.

3' Untranslated Regions↗
PubMed2004

Blindness and rectus muscle damage following spinal surgery.

PURPOSE: To report a rare case of blindness and rectus muscle damage from ocular compression after spinal surgery. DESIGN: Observational case report. METHODS: A 16-year-old girl underwent scoliosis surgery in the prone position. After surgery, she complained of visual loss in the right eye. Examination showed no perception of light, periorbital bruising, corneal haze, fixed dilated pupil, and loss of adduction beyond the midline. RESULTS: Orbital computed tomography scan showed a swollen medial rectus with no other orbital pathology. The muscle swelling can be explained by ischemia from compression of the globe against the medial wall of the orbit. Ocular compression also caused retinal and optic nerve ischemia, resulting in loss of vision. Medial rectus function recovered with time, but the patient continues to have no light perception. CONCLUSIONS: Blindness after spinal surgery is a rare but devastating complication, and all precautions to avoid ocular compression must be taken.

Adolescent↗