Training subspecialty nurses in developing countries: methods, outcome, and cost.
BACKGROUND: As infections are controlled in developing countries, other pediatric subspeciality programs such as oncology become increasingly important. A major impediment to the development of such programs is a lack of trained nurses. Therefore, education of pediatric subspecialty nurses becomes a priority. PROCEDURE: We describe three models we have used for education of pediatric oncology nurses: a short series of classes or lectures with additional training of key nurses, an expanded 12 week series of classes at centers combining didactic and clinical instruction and a regional residential school offering regular 12 week courses in theory and clinical practice. RESULTS: Cost analysis showed that the cost per nurse trained was, respectively, 3,700; 4,350; and 5,500 US dollars. Early effectiveness indicators show that retention rates are high, home institutions are satisfied, and nurses trained shared their knowledge with other nurses and improved nursing practices. CONCLUSIONS: Programs to teach subspecialty nursing in developing countries are effective and can improve medical care. Such programs should be based on past experience and evaluated as to cost and effectiveness.