Billroth I gastroduodenostomy using a hemi-double stapling technique.
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Gastroenterostomy↗
Biomedical subjects
Noriyuki Shinoda
Publications and source records attributed to Noriyuki Shinoda.
Excision repair cross complementing 3 expression is involved in patient prognosis and tumor progression in esophageal cancer.
The prognosis of patients with esophageal cancer remains poor. TNM classification is not sufficient to predict the prognosis. Therefore, novel predictive markers of the prognosis of esophageal cancer patients are awaited. The abnormality of the nucleotide excision repair (NER) is often involved in human cancers. Excision repair cross complementing 3 (ERCC3) contributes to NER. In esophageal cancer, ERCC3 expression has not been studied. Expression of ERCC3 was quantified by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using LightCycler in 43 primary esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (ESCCs) and their paired normal esophageal mucosa. We examined the correlation between the ERCC3 expression and the clinicopathological factors and prognosis of ESCC patients. ERCC3 expression level was significantly correlated with the pathologic stage, tumor size and local invasiveness (t-factor) in esophageal cancer tissues. Reduced expression of ERCC3 was accompanied with tumor progression (p=0.0049) and higher pathologic stage (p=0.020). Moreover, ESCC patients with low ERCC3 mRNA expression had significantly shorter post-operative survival time than those with high expression (p=0.0003). In esophageal cancer, reduced expression of ERCC3 was correlated with local tumor progression and poor prognosis after operation.
Aged↗
Decreased expression of DFF45/ICAD is correlated with a poor prognosis in patients with esophageal carcinoma.
BACKGROUND: DNA fragmentation factor 45 (DFF45)/inhibotor of caspase activated DNAse (ICAD) forms a complex with DFF40/CAD and inhibits its DNA cleaving function during apoptosis. DFF45 also functions as a chaperone for native DFF40 and is necessary for its function. It has been indicated that defects in the apoptotic pathway may exist in neoplastic cells. METHODS: The authors investigated mRNA expression of DFF45 in a series of 46 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) specimens using polymerase chain reaction amplification. The results were correlated with the patients' clinicopathologic characteristics. RESULTS: DFF45 mRNA expression was significantly lower in tumors with higher pathologic stage, higher tumor status (T status), lymph node metastasis, or more extensive lymphatic invasion. Patients who had low DFF45 mRNA expression (indicated by the ratio of DFF45 mRNA expression in tumor to DFF45 mRNA expression in normal esophageal mucosa [tumor:normal] < 1) had a significantly shorter survival after undergoing surgery compared with patients who had high DFF45 mRNA expression (tumor:normal > 1, P = 0.0006; log-rank test, P = 0.0003; median follow-up, 14.6 months). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with ESCC with decreased DFF45 mRNA expression levels had a poor prognosis compared with patients who had high DFF45 mRNA expression levels.
Aged↗
Telomerase activity in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: down-regulation by chemotherapeutic agent.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Telomerase has been suggested as being necessary for continued cell growth and progression of cancer. Esophageal cancer and matched normal esophageal tissue from 54 patients were analyzed for telomerase activity, human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) mRNA expression, and their correlation with clinicopathological factors. METHODS: Telomeric repeat amplification protocol was used for detection of telomerase activity and real time quantitative RT-PCR was used for hTERT mRNA. An esophageal carcinoma cell line was used to study the effect of chemotherapeutic agent on telomerase. RESULTS: Telomerase activity was detectable in 79.6% of the tumor and 59.3% of the normal esophageal tissue. The level of telomerase activity in the tumor was significantly higher than that in the normal tissue. A significantly higher telomerase activity was observed in tumors with extensive blood vessel invasion. A significantly lower telomerase activity was observed in tumors that showed good response to preoperative chemotherapy than those with poor response. TE-9 cells exposed to 5-FU showed a diminished telomerase activity preceded by a time-dependent decrease in the mRNA expression of hTERT. CONCLUSIONS: Telomerase activity was high in esophageal cancer tissue and showed positive correlation with blood vessel invasion. Chemotherapeutic agents may down-regulate telomerase activity.
Aged↗
Role of matrix metalloproteinase-9 in in vitro invasion of esophageal carcinoma cells.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Although some investigators recently suggested that MMP-9 may play a critical role in invasion and metastasis, along with MMP-2, in esophageal carcinoma, there has been no direct evidence that MMPs play a critical role in the actual invasion of esophageal carcinoma cells. Here, we investigated the role of MMPs in the in vitro invasion of esophageal carcinoma cell lines (TE-series). METHODS: Our methods included in vitro invasion assay, gelatin zymography, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS: Four cell lines (but not TE-5) secreted MMP-2 and MMP-9 in the culture medium. Using a quantitative in vitro invasion assay, we found a significant (P = 0.002) correlation between the extent of in vitro invasion and the amount of MMP-9, but not of MMP-2, secreted into the conditioned medium in the four cell lines. In these cell lines, R-94138, a specific MMP-9 inhibitor, inhibited in vitro invasion in a dose-dependent manner. Although TE-5 did not secrete MMP-2 or MMP-9, the cells showed a strong in vitro invasion. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that most of the esophageal carcinoma cell lines use MMP-9 for in vitro invasion, but others may use proteinase(s) other than MMP-9.
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
The effectiveness of palliative resection for advanced esophageal carcinoma: analysis of 24 consecutive cases.
PURPOSE: In some patients who already have advanced esophageal cancer at the time of presentation, symptoms like the inability to eat, and complications such as bronchoesophageal fistula are so debilitating that palliative resection may be beneficial. However, resection of the esophagus is associated with significant risk, and whether this operation should be performed for palliation remains controversial. Because few reports have been published on this subject, we retrospectively analyzed 24 patients with esophageal cancer who underwent palliative resection. METHODS: Esophageal resection was performed with palliative intent in 12 patients and with curative intent in another 12 who were left with residual cancer. RESULTS: There was no operative death. All of the ten patients who had been unable to eat preoperatively were able to eat after the operation, and four patients with a life-threatening bronchoesophageal fistula were free of symptoms after the operation. Two patients died in hospital during the postoperative chemotherapy but the other 22 were discharged. The mean survival period was 264 days. CONCLUSIONS: With improved postoperative care, the risk of palliative esophageal resection is no longer considered unacceptable.
Adult↗
Chfr expression is downregulated by CpG island hypermethylation in esophageal cancer.
Cell cycle progression is monitored by checkpoint mechanisms to ensure the integrity of the genome and the fidelity of sister chromatid separation. Failure of such checkpoint functions results in genomic instability, a condition that predisposes cells to neoplastic transformation and tumor progression. Recently, Scolnick and Halazonetis defined a new mitotic checkpoint that acts at prophase and delays chromosome condensation in response to mitotic stress, and identified a gene, named checkpoint with FHA and ring finger (Chfr), that seems to be required for delaying prophase in human cells. In the present study, we examined human Chfr mRNA expression in 15 human esophageal cancer cell lines and 43 primary esophageal cancers to investigate the potential involvement of Chfr in the pathogenesis of esophageal cancers. We report here that a significant proportion of human esophageal cancer has loss of expression of Chfr gene. Furthermore, we found aberrant hypermethylation of the promoter region of this checkpoint gene in four of 15 (26.7%) esophageal cancer cell lines and in seven of 43 (16.3%) primary cancers.
Adenocarcinoma↗
Decreased peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma gene expression is correlated with poor prognosis in patients with esophageal cancer.
BACKGROUND: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR gamma) induces apoptosis by ligand stimulation in various tumor cell lines. In esophageal cancer cell lines, PPAR gamma activation also has suppressed the proliferation. METHODS: In 55 primary esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (ESCCs) we examined the correlation between the expression of PPAR gamma mRNA with prognosis of esophageal cancer patients. The expression of PPAR gamma mRNA was quantified by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction using LightCycler. Immunohistochemistry was used to study the expression of PPAR gamma protein. RESULTS: The expression of PPAR gamma mRNA was significantly decreased in esophageal cancer cells compared with normal esophageal mucosa (P = 0.0084). Among the clinical factors, PPAR gamma mRNA expression was lower in the tumors with extensive lymph node metastasis (n4) than those with less extensive lymph node metastasis (n0-3) (P = 0.0059). Patients with low PPAR gamma mRNA expression had significantly shorter postoperative survival time than those with high PPAR gamma mRNA expression (P = 0.0191). In immunohistochemistry, PPAR gamma protein was expressed in the nuclei of cells in some cases and expressed in the nuclei and cytoplasm in others. The expression of PPAR gamma protein is decreased in esophageal cancer tissue compared with normal esophageal squamous epithelium. However, we could not deduce the apparent relation for the expression between PPAR gamma mRNA and PPAR gamma proteins in immunohistochemistry (P = 0.284). CONCLUSIONS: In esophageal cancer tissues, the expression of PPAR gamma was decreased compared with normal esophageal epithelium. The mRNA expression level of PPAR gamma may be a marker of prognosis after operation in esophageal cancer patients.
Esophageal Neoplasms↗
Expression of PTTG (pituitary tumor transforming gene) in esophageal cancer.
BACKGROUND: Recently, a vertebrate securin [pituitary tumor transforming gene (PTTG) in humans] has been identified that inhibits sister chromatid separation and is involved in malignant transformation and tumorigenesis. Abundance of this protein would disrupt cell division, generate chromosomal instability and thereby increase cell susceptibility to acquisition of further mutations during subsequent division. Esophageal cancer is a disease with poor prognosis with early local invasion and lymph node metastasis. It is important to identify factors that influence the aggressiveness of esophageal cancer. METHODS: Expression of PTTG messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) was evaluated by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction in 48 esophageal cancer specimens and matched normal esophageal mucosa. The data were analyzed with reference to clinicopathological factors. RESULTS: Tumor tissue expressed a significantly higher level of PTTG1 mRNA than the corresponding normal tissue (P < 0.0001). PTTG1 mRNA expression was significantly higher in tumors with higher pathological stage (IV vs 0-III, P = 0.0442) or more extensive lymph node metastasis (pathological N factor; N4 vs N0-3, P = 0.003). The median survival for patients with high PTTG1 expression (8.5 months) was less than that for patients with low PTTG1 expression (14.0 months, P = 0.039). PTTG1 expression was one of the significant predictors of survival on univariate analysis (hazard ratio 2.225; 95% confidence interval 1.007-4.915). CONCLUSIONS: Detection of high PTTG1 expression in surgically excised esophagus tumor tissues might help to identify patients with aggressive disease who require adjuvant therapy and provide prognostic information.
Aged↗