Biomedical subjects

O A Sanchez

Publications and source records attributed to O A Sanchez.

3 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2001

Response of blood lipids to exercise training alone or combined with dietary intervention.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to review the effects of aerobic exercise training (AET) on blood lipids and assess dose-response relationships and diet interactions. METHODS: We reviewed papers published over the past three decades pertaining to intervention trials on the effects of > or = 12 wk of AET on blood lipids and lipoprotein outcomes in adult men and women. Included were studies with simultaneous dietary and AET interventions, if they had appropriate comparison groups. Studies were classified by the participants' relative weights expressed as mean BMIs. Information was extracted on baseline characteristics of study subjects, including age, sex, and relative baseline cholesterol levels; details on the training programs; and the responses to training of body weight, VO(2max), and blood total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglyceride (TG). RESULTS: We identified 51 studies, 28 of which were randomized controlled trials. AET was generally performed at a moderate to hard intensity, with weekly energy expenditures ranging from 2,090 to >20,000 kJ. A marked inconsistency was observed in responsiveness of blood lipids. The most commonly observed change was an increase in HDL-C (with reductions in TC, LDL-C, and TG less frequently observed). Insufficient data are available to establish dose-response relationships between exercise intensity and volume with lipid changes. The increase in HDL-C with AET was inversely associated with its baseline level (r = -0.462), but no significant associations were found with age, sex, weekly volume of exercise, or with exercise-induced changes in body weight or VO(2max). CONCLUSION: Moderate- to hard-intensity AET inconsistently results in an improvement in the blood lipid profile, with the data insufficient to establish dose-response relationships.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2001

Validity and reliability of combining three methods to determine ventilatory threshold.

PURPOSE: This research was undertaken to validate a combination of methodologies to determine ventilatory threshold (VT). METHODS: Three methods were used individually and then combined to determine VT as follows: 1) ventilatory equivalencies, 2) excess CO2 production, and 3) a modified V-slope method. Three groups of participants-endurance athletes (N = 132), healthy, aerobically active adults (N = 31), and healthy, sedentary/low-active adults (N = 22)-were independently evaluated for VT and compared with the criterion standard lactate threshold (LT) defined as the first rise in blood lactate with increasing intensity of exercise. RESULTS: VT and LT were significantly correlated using the combined VT method within each study group (r = 0.98, 0.97, and 0.95, respectively; P < 0.001). Mean VO2 values at VT and LT were not significantly different between the three groups (P > 0.20). The combined method improved the determination rate of VT and reduced the standard deviation of the LT - VT difference by 80-170% over the individual methods. During test-retest procedures VO2lt and VO2vt determined by the combined method met criteria demonstrating further reliability. CONCLUSION: The combined method to determine VT is valid and reliable across a wide fitness range in healthy individuals and improves the determination rate and accuracy of VT determination over the use of single methods.

Adult↗

PubMed1999

Delivery, distribution, and neuronal uptake of exogenous mannose-terminal glucocerebrosidase in the intact rat brain.

Gaucher disease is caused by insufficient activity of the enzyme glucocerebrosidase. Great benefit has been obtained through enzyme replacement therapy for patients with type 1 (non-neuronopathic) Gaucher disease. In contrast, inconsistent effects of enzyme therapy have been observed in patients with type 3 (chronic neuronopathic) Gaucher disease, and no benefit on the lethal course of the disease occurs in patients with Type 2 (acute neuronopathic) Gaucher disease. We examined the use of convection-enhanced delivery to augment the delivery and distribution of exogenous glucocerebrosidase (m.w. 63,000) to the brain by infusing it under slight hydrostatic pressure into the striatal region of rats. The enzyme was comparatively stable under these conditions. It was distributed from the site of injection toward the cerebral cortex where it became primarily localized in neurons. These findings provide considerable incentive for the exploration of intracerebral microinfusion of enzyme to the brain of patients with metabolic storage disorders involving the CNS.

Animals↗