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Biomedical subjects

O A Virovets

Publications and source records attributed to O A Virovets.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1999

[Utilization of glucose, valine, glycerin and palmitic acid by energy and anabolic pathways of metabolism in rats].

Possibility of evaluation of nutrients use by energy and anabolic ways by measurement in blood of radioactivity of water formed from labelled by tritium precursors was studied. The experiment was made on rats, which consecutively with interval 1.5-2 weeks were given intravenous indicative amount of 3H2(2,3)-valine, 1-14C-glucose, 6-3H-glucose, 3H2(1,3)-glycerin and 3H2(9,10)-palmitic acid. Half-time of glucose in blood was 46 min, glycerin--16 min, valine and palmitic acid--24 min. Plastic and energy characteristics of these substances were studied. The proposed approach to the evaluation of plastic and energy functions of nutrients can be useful for development of specialized products for enteral and parenteral feeding.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

[A new method of evaluating the utilization of nutrients (carbohydrates, amino acids and fatty acids) on the plastic and energy goals in the animal body].

With use of a new method, based on detection in blood serum of radioactivity of water, formed from tritium marked precursors--glucose, amino acids (valine, serine, histidine) and palmitine acid--their distribution on oxidizing and anabolic ways of metabolism was determined. The work was carried out on laboratory rats. In young pubertal rats the ratio of flows on these ways for glucose was found equal 2.83, i.e. it in a greater degree was used as energy substratum. On the contrary, for palmitine acid this ratio was equal 0.10--it was comprised in a plastic material of organism in a greater degree. For serine, histidine and valine it is equal 0.34, 0.71 and 0.46, accordingly. In growing rats the distribution of flows was shifted aside of anabolic way: the ratio of flows is equal 0.19; in old rats--aside of oxidizing: a ratio of flows is equal 0.71.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1997

[Chronological parameters of carbohydrate utilization in the body].

The glycaemic index (GI) is reviewed as example of chronological parameters of carbohydrate utilisation. A food utilisation depends not only on nutrient composition and physical properties of food but also on body metabolism and physiological status including individual peculiarities, daily rhythm and other chronological characteristics of body connected with energy metabolism and biosynthesis of glycoproteins, phospholipids and nucleic acids. Such analytical approaches are very important for practice of human nutrition and animal feeding and also for critical analysis of "fashion" theories in nutrition.

Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena↗
PubMed1996

[The ratio 3H/14C as an indicator of body adaptation to various dietary factors].

In experiments with Wistar rats was shown that ratio 3H/14C in tissues after ingestion of double labeled glucose can be used as indicator of metabolic effects of different dietary carbohydrates. Predominant utilization of glucose for lipid synthesis was determined in rats fed SKP (93.4% of oligosaccharides and dextrines) and absence this effect in rats fed dextrinomaltose (69% of maltose and 26.7% of oligosaccharides and dextrins).

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Change in hemoglobin mass during prolonged hypokinesia].

The total hemoglobin mass was measured by the carbon monoxide method in 33 male test subjects, 21 of whom were exposed to 30-day bed rest and 6 of whom were exposed to 100-day bed rest. The hypokinetic test subjects showed a decrease in hemoglobin mass by 11-24%. During readaptation the test subjects who had a noticeable reduction of hemoglobin displayed a 2.7-fold increase of the reticulocyte count. It is suggested that the gravity decrease during bed rest and antiorthostatic hypokinesia results in a reduced rate of hemoglobin synthesis in bone marrow.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Non-enzymatic glycosylation of dietary proteins by glucose and fructose].

Preliminary evaluation of glucose and fructose as glycosylation agents of some animal and vegetable food proteins has been presented. The study was conducted using the method of radioactive indicators. It has been shown that fructose binds proteins to a higher degree than glucose, and it can make for increasing glucose glycosylating activity in their combination in the product.

Dietary Proteins↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of carbohydrate structure on glucose utilization and biosynthesis of lipids, proteins and glucagon in rats].

It was established that utilization of labelled glucose depended on food carbohydrate structure. Saccharose increased 1.5-fold the labelling of lipids in the liver and lowered insignificantly glycogen labelling. Similar quantity of invert sugar sharply reduced glycogen labelling. When starch was substituted for corn syrup lipid labelling increased two-fold, while glycogen labelling decreased down to 26% of the control level. Lipid/glycogen labelling ratio in saccharose feeding was 2, in invert sugar--4, in corn syrup--17.

Animal Feed↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of sucrose on lipid metabolism in rats: confirmation of the disaccharide effect].

Disaccharide effect of sucrose on lipid metabolism was confirmed in male Wistar rats (initial weight 119-127 g). The rats were given rations containing either sucrose (30% of total caloric++ value), or invert sugar, or starch only (control). The duration of the dietary period was 40 days. To study lipid metabolism the rats were injected i. p. with 1-14C-glucose and 3H-palmitic acid. 14C-radioactivity increased in the total lipid of serum and epididymal adipose tissue, in liver phospholipids and mostly in liver neutral lipids with the saccharose-supplemented diet but not with invert sugar-supplemented diet. In contrast, 3H-radioactivity in liver phospholipids decreased in rats that were given saccharose, no changes were recorded in the animals fed with invert sugar or starch.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Features of the effects of disaccharide structure of saccharose on kinetic parameters of hepatic lipid synthesis from glucose (mechanism of disaccharide effect)].

Effects of saccharose or invert sugar on kinetics of lipid synthesis in the rat liver were investigated using 1-14C-glucose as a precursor. The diet containing 30% of saccharose (of the total energy value) for 40 days was found to be sufficient to increase the radioactive carbon flux through total liver lipids more than twice, and through rapidly metabolized neutral lipids and phospholipids more than 4 and 3 times, consequently. On the contrary, when the invert sugar diet was used the radioactive carbon flux through total lipids in the liver was reduced up to 54% of the control level, the lowest radioactive carbon flux was observed through the rapidly metabolized fraction of phospholipids--6% of the control level, only. These changes were caused by the corresponding alterations in lipid synthesis constants.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Nonenzymatic glycosylation of serum albumin and thymic DNA by food monosugars and their natural metabolites that form in the body].

The nonenzymatic glycosylation of human plasma albumin by glucose, fructose, xylose, glucose-6-P, fructose-6-P, 6-PP was studied in vitro. The most manifest differences in the albumin spectrum (250-390 nm) were observed when fructose-6-P and xylose were used. The use of 3H-glucose and 14C-fructose has shown that there are 2 sites for glucose addition, 4 sites for fructose addition and 1 site to which both glucose and fructose can be bound, but glucose is preferable. Calf thymus DNA has 10 sites to which carbohydrate can be bound: 4 for glucose and 6 for fructose, only.

DNA↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[New data on the metabolism and physiologic mechanisms of aspartame action].

A comprehensive investigation of the physiological action of aspartame was conducted in 11 volunteers (healthy subjects, aged 18-37 years, with normal bw), and in experiments on 90 male Wistar rats, that were given aspartame in doses of 40 and 4000 mg/kg during 90 days, and in 3 dogs with gastric fistulas according to Basov. The study of microsomal and lysosomal activities in the liver, the turnover rate of liver proteins and blood plasma in rats revealed changes in the activity of liver cathepsins and in blood plasma albumin life time. The reaction of food thermogenesis after aspartame intake was recorded in experiments on dogs, that received sham feeding, and in the volunteers. As a whole, in the experiments including aspartame intake in a permissible daily dose for humans (40 mg/kg) no unfavourable action of the agent on the metabolic parameters studied was recorded.

Adolescent↗