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Biomedical subjects

O Aanestad

Publications and source records attributed to O Aanestad.

10 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1999

Urinary stress incontinence. A urodynamic and quantitative electromyographic study of the perineal muscles.

BACKGROUND: Neurophysiological techniques are increasingly used in examination of urinary incontinence. The purpose was to measure the activity in the perineal muscles in women with urinary stress incontinence and compare with normal subjects by using quantitative EMG methods. METHODS: Twenty-four incontinent women and seven normal subjects were evaluated urodynamically and with quantitative EMG analysis of interference pattern and single fiber measurements. The recordings were made in the pubo rectal and the external anal sphincter muscle with empty urinary bladder at rest and maximal voluntary contraction as well as during cystometry. RESULTS: The incontinent women had a denser interference pattern in the anal sphincter at rest but no differences at maximal activation compared to the reference group. No differences in interference pattern were noted between the two groups in the pubo rectal muscle. Fiber density in the external anal sphincter muscle was increased in the patient group (2.01 compared to 1.33, p<0.01). The urethral pressures at rest and activation were higher in the normal subjects (p<0.05). The normal subjects showed a denser interference pattern in the external anal sphincter muscle during cystometry (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Quantitative analysis of the interference pattern and fiber density in the perineal muscles in incontinent women showed a denser interference pattern at rest and increased fiber density. Both observations indicate a peripheral nerve lesion. Furthermore, the interference pattern showed signs of reduced central activation in the incontinent women during cystometry.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Interference pattern in the urethral sphincter: a quantitative electromyographic study in patients before and after radical retropubic prostatectomy.

OBJECTIVE: Radical retropubic prostatectomy (RRP) involves removal of the bladder neck where the proximal urethral sphincter is located. Assuming that this sphincter participates in urinary continence mechanisms, removal of this sphincter might increase the interference pattern in the distal urethral sphincter as a compensatory mechanism. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We examined the distal (striated) urethral sphincter before and after surgery with quantitative EMG techniques in ten patients. RESULTS: No compensatory activity was demonstrated, but tendencies towards a decreased number of turns at rest (41 pre-op/27 post-op) and an increased mean amplitude at maximal activation (334 microV pre-op/408 microV post-op) in the interference pattern in the muscle were recorded using the turns/amplitude (T/A) analysis. The fibre density was 1.71 before and 1.96 after surgery (p = 0.08), indicating a peripheral nerve lesion. CONCLUSIONS: The numerical reduction of turns during rest can be explained by disturbed feedback, indicating that not only efferent, but also sensory afferent nerve fibres can be involved in an iatrogen lesion during prostatic surgery. The increased mean amplitude at maximal activation was probably due to reinnervated motor units with increased amplitudes.

Electromyography↗
PubMed1997

Interference pattern in perineal muscles: a quantitative electromyographic study in patients before and after transurethral surgery of the prostate.

The study aimed at assessing alterations in muscular activity in the external urethral sphincter when the internal sphincter located at the bladder neck was resected during TUR-P, and at determining whether activity in the external urethral sphincter increased to compensate for the loss of the internal sphincter. Perineal muscles were examined with quantitative EMG recordings, including interference pattern and fiber density before and after surgery. Fiber density increased in the external urethral sphincter after surgery. This indicates a reinnervation in the muscle, probably due to a peripheral nerve lesion that occurs during TUR-P, and may also explain the reduction in penile erectibility observed after surgery. The lack of compensatory activity in the external urethral sphincter expressed as unchanged number of turns may be explained as a disturbed feedback mechanism and a decreased central activation or to the lithotomy position at examination. The internal part of the external sphincter not available for measurement may compensate for the loss in bladder-neck sphincter function.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Interference pattern in perineal muscles. A quantitative electromyographic study in patients with faecal incontinence.

The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of neuromuscular dysfunction in patients with faecal incontinence by measuring interference patterns in the external anal sphincter and puborectalis muscles with quantitative electromyography. The design was an open study including 20 patients with faecal incontinence; in 14 the aetiology was idiopathic and 6 had rupture of the external anal sphincter. Electromyographic interference patterns (turns/amplitude analysis) measured at rest and during maximum voluntary contraction in all patients were recorded together with fibre density measured by single fibre electromyography (n = 10) and anal pressure measured at rest and at maximum contraction (n = 17). A comparison was made with results of a previously published series of reference values taken from normal volunteers. The density of the interference pattern on maximum contraction of the puborectalis muscle was significantly lower among the patients with idiopathic faecal incontinence than among the reference group (137 compared with 241 turns/second, p < 0.01). There was also a significant difference on maximum contraction of the anal sphincter muscle among the group in whom it was ruptured compared with the reference group (76 compared with 165 turns/second, p < 0.05). Fibre density increased with age and was significantly higher among those with idiopathic incontinence (1.64 (0.2) compared with 1.33 (0.1) in the reference group, p < 0.01). There were no significant differences in anal manometry measurements between the groups. In conclusion, in patients with faecal incontinence the role of central activation of the perineal muscles is important, though other factors may play a part.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

The Cronkhite-Canada syndrome. Case report.

Polyps of the stomach, duodenum, colon and rectum were found in a 53-year-old man, who had severe diarrhoea, heavy protein loss from the gastrointestinal tract and shedding of hair and nails. The patient died after 9 months of treatment with drugs and periodic intravenous nutrition.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Fecal incontinence. Diagnosis and treatment.

This is a survey of fecal incontinence. The etiology is multifactorial. It may develop after traumatic lesion of the anal sphincters, neurological disorders, rectal prolapse or idiopathic. The treatment may be conservative including diet, drugs and sphincter exercise or consisting of suture of the sphincter, post anal repair, free autogenous muscle transplantation. In some cases colostomy is the only way of choice.

Fecal Incontinence↗