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Biomedical subjects

O B Belousova

Publications and source records attributed to O B Belousova.

12 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

[Cerebral hemodynamics and metabolism in the acute stage of cerebral aneurysm rupture].

The relationship between lipid peroxidation products and the severity of arterial spasm was studied in 86 patients. For this, the level of radical production, the content of the end lipid peroxidation product malonic dialdehyde and the overall antioxidative activity of lumbar cerebrospinal fluid were determined during 24-hour Doppler monitoring of blood flow in the middle cerebral and internal carotid arteries. Following subarachnoidal hemorrhage, the activation of lipid peroxidation processes was shown to correlate with the severity of arterial spasm and it is likely to contribute to the development of late ischemias. Nimotop used to treat patients with significant arterial spasm caused a reduction in the rate of free radical lipid peroxidation to that characteristic for patients with moderate spasm. The findings suggest that it is expedient of including antioxidants into the combined therapy of patients with acute subarachnoidal hemorrhage.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[A combination of a meningioma of the base of the skull and an arteriovenous micromalformation of the brain stem].

The paper describes a rare combination of atypical meningioma of the base of the skull, which was greatly extended, with a life-time unrecognized small vascular malformation of the brain stem at the level of the pons. Intraoperative hemorrhage into the stem from the micromalformation was a cause of the female patient's death. A detailed account of the operation and the postoperative period and a review of literature on the main aspects of the problem in the diagnosis of cerebral micromalformations are given.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Supratentorial cavernomas: clinical picture, diagnosis, treatment].

The study was undertaken to examine the clinical picture, diagnosis, morphology and substantiate management policy for patients with supratentorial cavernomas. Examination was made in 160 patients with this abnormality, 87 of them were operated on. The histological structure of cavernomas was shown to be heterogeneous. Different types of their clinical course are analyzed and the optimum diagnostic criteria of the diseases substantiated. Removal of supratentorial cavernomas is the method of choice, which eliminates a risk for rehemorrhage and positively affects the course of the convulsive syndrome. Exceptions are the cavernomas that are located in the functionally important brain regions difficult to reach. In these cases, the indication for surgery may be severe rehemorrhage or drug-untreated frequent seizures. Removal of cavernomas does not rule out a long-term use of anticonvulsants. They may be discontinued only on the basis of clinical and electroencephalographic control.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Surgical treatment for asymptomatic non-ruptured intracranial aneurysms].

The study was undertaken to analyze the outcomes of treatment in 37 patients with 44 non-ruptured aneurysms (NRA) at different sites. The paper presents a detailed classification of NRA, identifies individuals at risk for aneurysmal disease in whom an active search for aneurysms until they rupture is recommended to prevent aneurysmal subarachnoidal hemorrhages and their sequels. Total aneurysmal exclusion was achieved in 93.2% of the cases; the aneurysmal walls were consolidated with surgical gauze in 7.2%. There were no fatal cases. Postoperative progression of focal neurological symptoms was noted in 4 patients. In 3 patients, these symptoms were entirely reversible. All NRAs should be operated on irrespective of their size particularly in young and middle-aged patients since this is technically possible and there are no concomitant diseases that make surgery contraindicated. It is expedient to perform computed or magnetic resonance imaging in combination with angiography in risk-group patients in order to reveal or exclude aneurysm.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Familial intracranial aneurysms].

The study included 38 patients with intracranial aneurysms, whose close relatives had experienced intracranial hemorrhages. The patients' relatives were divided into 2 groups according to the verification of the source of hemorrhage. The individuals at risk for aneurysmal disease in whom aneurysms should be sought before their rupture were examined. The patients with familial aneurysms were found to tend to rupture at younger age than those without familial aneurysms (the so-called sporadic aneurysms). The high rates of mortality due to intracranial bleeding were observed among the relatives of patients from the study group. Screening study of the first-order relatives of the patients with prior aneurysmal subarachnoidal hemorrhage is the method of choice in detecting unruptured cerebrovascular aneurysms. Early detection and switching-off of asymptomatic aneurysms may reduce mortality and disability rates in this group of patients.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Giant cavernous malformation of the cerebellum in a baby].

The paper presents a rare case of successful removal of giant cavernous malformation of the cerebellum in a baby. It describes the specific features of differential diagnosis of space-occupying lesions of the posterior cranial fossa in infants in detail.

Central Nervous System Vascular Malformations↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Clinico-physiologic characteristics of brain stem disorders in comatose states].

Informative signs for classification of disorders of consciousness were distinguished on the basis of clinico-physiological comparisons. Coma is characterized by failure of attempts to wake the patient, deep coma by muscular atonia, and protective inhibition coma by bilateral mydriasis. Opening of the eyes in response to a sound or pain is characteristic for the apallic syndrome, carrying out of instructions for deep stunning, answering questions for stunning. Clear consciousness is characterized by the patient's ability to orientate. Protective inhibition coma is always characterized by coarse changes of short latent evoked potentials in response to acoustic stimulation.

Brain Injuries↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Dynamic study of brain stem evoked potentials in cerebral aneurysms].

Eleven patients with arterial and arteriovenous aneurysms of the cerebral vessels were subjected to 30 repeated examinations of truncal evoked potentials (TEP) to acoustic stimulation. The examination was conducted in the acute stage of subarachnoid hemorrhages, before and after surgical intervention. It is shown that changes in TEP may be recorded along with improvement, deterioration, stable disorders. From the degree and character of TEP disorders, not only the trend of changes in the functional state of the brain trunk can be judged but also the processes underlying these disorders (ischemia, hemorrhage into the trunk, tentorial wedging).

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The prognosis of the ischemic complications due to a cerebral arterial spasm after subarachnoid hemorrhages (clinico-dopplerographic comparisons)].

The clinical status, angiographic and Doppler ultrasound transcranial findings were compared in 50 patients with acute subarachnoidal hemorrhage (40 with aneurysmal hemorrhage and 10 with unknown hemorrhage). There was a correlation between the change in the linear velocity of blood flow in the cerebral arteries and the clinical manifestations of arterial spasm-induced brain ischemia. With this, Doppler signs of arterial spasm appeared as clinical manifestations 3-4 days earlier. The linear velocity of middle cerebral arterial blood flow, which is critical for the development of ischemic complications of arterial spasm was 295 +/- 6 cm/sec. The magnitude and duration of the excess critical level of the linear velocity of blood flow and the presence of arterial spasm in the contralateral hemisphere may determine whether the progressive ischemic symptoms are reversible or irreversible. A further course of arterial spasm, development of ischemic complications and their outcomes may be predicted by the increasing gradient of the linear velocity in the cerebral arteries at days 4-6 of subarachnoidal hemorrhage and the extent of spasm.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The postoperative monitoring of intracranial pressure in patients in the acute period of aneurysmatic hemorrhage].

Changes in intracranial pressure (ICP) and cerebral circulation were evaluated from Doppler transcranial ultrasound (DTU) in 29 patients with spontaneous aneurysmal hemorrhage in acute rupture. There is a tendency for the pulse wave amplitude (PWA) of ICP to increase concurrently with higher ICP values (r = 0.768, p < 0.01), the tendency being smoother in patients with severe diffuse spasm (r = 0.573, p < 0.01). There was also a linear correlation between the ICP values and the pulse index of blood flow velocity (r = 0.783, p < 0.01). Evidence is given for the possibility of indirect assessment of ICP from DTU data and for that of indirect evaluation of cerebral perfusion from ICP monitoring data. In the latter case, the authors used a ICP PWA ratio. The findings suggest that the decrease in PWA/ICP values by less than 0.2 during intracranial hypertension and severe diffuse arterial spasm corresponds to the reduction in cerebral blood filling beyond the critical values.

Acute Disease↗