[Genetic contribution to the etiology of anorexia nervosa].
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Anorexia Nervosa↗
Biomedical subjects
O B Bonne
Publications and source records attributed to O B Bonne.
Separation as a new animal model for self-induced weight loss.
Animal models for weight loss are generally either stress mediated or following diet restriction (DR) schedules. We investigated weight loss in mice subjected to activity stress (ACT), DR schedules of 40, 60 and 100% of daily requirements, and propose a new model for animal weight loss based upon separation. Mice were separated (SEP) from each other by perspex partitioning for 23 h per day, with free access to food for one hour. No significant differences in weight loss were found between the ACT, SEP and 40% groups. However, mean food intake in the 40% group was half that of the ACT group (p < 0.001) and significantly less (p < 0.01) than the SEP group, which consumed amounts equivalent to 65% of daily requirement. Separation of mice increases metabolic demands and may be used as a new, easily performed, animal model for weight loss.
Animals↗
Anorexia nervosa following gastroplasty in the male: two cases.
The first stage in the development of anorexia nervosa involves voluntary restriction of food intake, that is, diet. Marked weight loss, impairment in body image, and deterioration of health ensue. Anorexia nervosa is much more prevalent among women than men. Its etiology and presentation are mostly similar for both sexes. Certain features, such as greater premorbid obesity and sexual identity concerns, are thought to be more prevalent in male patients. We present 2 male patients who had undergone gastroplasty for morbid obesity and subsequently developed anorexia nervosa. Both evinced signs of identity confusion. Neither one of the patients underwent psychiatric evaluation before surgery. The cases described illustrate that anorexia nervosa may succeed acute and marked weight loss following gastroplasty. This emphasizes the need for a psychiatric assessment before bariatric surgery, and should alert clinicians to search for elements that may predispose vulnerable individuals to a risk of developing anorexia nervosa.
Adult↗
Delayed detection of pregnancy in patients with anorexia nervosa: two case reports.
Pregnancy in patients with anorexia nervosa is rarely suspected. Amenorrhea is invariably present, often accompanied by sensations such as a bloated abdomen, nausea, vomiting, and fatigue. The detection of conception in anorectic patients is often delayed. Two extreme cases of belated recognition of pregnancy (at Weeks 25 and 26) in anorectic patients are described: Both had been amenorrheic prior to conception, had no notion of pregnancy, and in both, discovery was incidental. Termination of pregnancy, requested by one of the patients, was unfeasible at this gestational age. Pregnancy in patients with eating disorders is elusive, prone to complications, and should be considered when symptoms are suggestive.
Adult↗
Rhinoplasty patients' critical self-evaluations of their noses.
Many applicants for cosmetic rhinoplasty do not appear to have grossly deformed noses. This study was undertaken to determine the accuracy of nasal evaluations in a group of 20 female cosmetic rhinoplasty patients, before and after surgery, relative to a matched nonrhinoplasty control group composed of 25 subjects. Self-assessments and surgeon assessments were obtained for both groups. Compared with those of controls, the noses of patients were found to be more deformed before and better shaped after the operation, according to both self-assessments and surgeon assessments. Rhinoplasty patients, in contrast to controls, tended to downgrade the shape of their noses compared with surgeon assessments both before and 4 months after surgery. Faulty evaluation was not associated with sociodemographic parameters, brief symptoms index (BSI) scores, or the degree of patient satisfaction from surgical outcome. Replication and longer-term follow-up studies are needed and are anticipated.
Adolescent↗
Adaptation to severe chronic hypokalemia in anorexia nervosa: a plea for conservative management.
Severe hypokalemia may constitute a life-threatening medical emergency. In the group of purging eating disorder patients, potassium blood levels tend to be chronically low while physical signs and symptoms may be absent. Nevertheless, these patients are frequently subjected to vigorous supportive treatment and often an aggressive diagnostic workup. We present a chronic purging anorexia nervosa patient in whom potassium blood levels reach a low of 1.6 mmol/L in the absence of physical symptoms. Purging eating disorder patients adapt to chronic hypokalemia. We believe the clinical/medical approach to this electrolyte disturbance in chronic eating disorder patients should be different from the approach to patients suffering from acute hypokalemia.
Adaptation, Physiological↗
Hyperphosphatemia: an objective marker for bulimia nervosa?
Phosphorus abnormalities among patients suffering from eating disorders, although cited, have received relatively little attention. Studies generally report decreased concentrations of phosphorus for both bulimia and anorexia nervosa. We have recently noted hyperphosphatemia in several consecutive hospitalized bulimic patients who appeared to have normal renal function and calcium levels. Case files of 30 inpatient and outpatient female bulimic patients and 30 sex- and age-matched physically healthy psychiatric inpatients and outpatients were reviewed. Phosphorus and electrolytes related to phosphorus metabolism were compared between the two groups. Twenty-four of 30 bulimic patients (80%) were found to have at least one elevated serum phosphorus concentration, whereas all but one of 30 age-matched controls had values within normal limits. Elevated phosphorus levels were generally in the mild to moderate range. No correlation was found between phosphorus levels and any of the other electrolytes examined in both patients and controls. No correlation was found between phosphorus levels and the reported frequency of bingeing and vomiting or the number of laxatives ingested. Since bulimic patients are generally of normal weight and tend to deny their disturbed eating habits, diagnosis is often delayed. However, bulimia may be suspected from biochemical abnormalities such as hypokalemia, hypochloremia, elevated amylase, and acid-base disturbances. This preliminary study indicates that elevated serum phosphorus levels may serve as an additional objective marker for the presence of bulimia nervosa.
Adult↗
Auditory startle response during exposure to war stress.
This report describes the immediate effect of war stress on physiological measures of the auditory startle responses (ASRs). Ten healthy Israeli subjects were examined 4 months before the Gulf war, during a missile alert on the first day of the war, and 8 months after the war. The magnitude and rate of habituation of orbicularis oculi electromyogram (EMG), heart rate (HR), and skin conductance (SC) responses to 15 consecutive presentations of 95-dB, 0-rise time, 1,000-Hz pure tones were recorded on each occasion, along with self-reports of anxiety. The group's anxiety scores were significantly higher during the war. ASRs, in contrast, remained stable across exposure conditions. However, a decrease in SC habituation was observed in few individuals during the war, and may illustrate a distinctive vulnerability to stress. The results are discussed in light of recent findings of abnormal startle response in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
Acoustic Stimulation↗