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O Bajolet

Publications and source records attributed to O Bajolet.

12 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

Economic impact of healthcare-associated rotavirus infection in a paediatric hospital.

The aim of this prospective study was to determine the extra-length of stay and the average cost for rotavirus healthcare-associated infection (HAI). Children admitted to the paediatric ward of the Reims University Hospital between the 1 December 2001 and 31 March 2002, were included in a pairwise matched (1:1) case-control study. Cases were defined as patients with rotavirus HAI. Controls were selected according to matching variables in a stepwise fashion. The costs measured in this study included all expenses sustained by the hospital. Information on costs was obtained from medical records and the hospital economic department. The attack rate and the incidence of healthcare-associated acquired rotavirus infection were 6.6% and 15.8 per 1000 hospital days, respectively, during a winter outbreak. Fifteen percent of HAI were identified after discharge. The average cost per case was 1930 and the mean excess length of stay was 4.9 days. Our findings clearly demonstrate the substantial expense incurred as a result of HAI caused by rotavirus in children. To prevent these costly infections, several cost-effective measures such as standard precautions should be reinforced in the education of the healthcare workers.

Case-Control Studies↗
PubMed2003

[Nosocomial Burkholderia cepacia outbreak in an intensive pediatric care unit].

BACKGROUND: We report an outbreak of Burkholderia cepacia respiratory tract infection and colonization in an intensive pediatric care unit.P PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between February and December 1999, B. cepacia was isolated from five children hospitalized in this unit. We reviewed the charts of the patients, evaluated the antiseptics use and the disinfection practices for reusable patient care equipment. An environmental study was conducted and comparison of B. cepacia was performed with genotypic method (RAPD). RESULTS: All patients were mechanically ventilated and had received large spectrum antibiotics. The disinfection procedure for reusable equipment was not respected and some single-dose of antiseptics solutions were used for several patients. B. cepacia was not found in 34 environmental samples. The RAPD assay revealed that all five isolates had identical DNA profiles. CONCLUSION: Despite the investigation the source of the B. cepacia clone in this nosocomial outbreak remained unknown, but antiseptics use and disinfection practices were revised. No new B. cepacia infections were identified after control measures were implemented.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed2000

Pseudomonas aeruginosa virulence factors delay airway epithelial wound repair by altering the actin cytoskeleton and inducing overactivation of epithelial matrix metalloproteinase-2.

To investigate the role of P. aeruginosa virulence factors in the repair of human airway epithelial cells (HAEC) in culture, we evaluated the effect of stationary-phase supernatants from the wild-type strain PAO1 on cell migration, actin cytoskeleton distribution, epithelial integrity during and after repair of induced wounds, and the balance between matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) and their tissue inhibitors (TIMP). PAO1 supernatant altered wound repair by slowing the migration velocity in association with altered actin cytoskeleton polymerization in the lamellipodia of migrating airway epithelial cells and delaying or inhibiting the restoration of epithelial integrity after wound closure. PAO1 virulence factors overactivated two of the gelatinolytic enzymes, MMP-2 and MMP-9, produced by HAEC during repair. During HAEC repair in the presence of PAO1 virulence factors, enhanced MMP-2 activation was associated with decreased rates of its specific inhibitor TIMP-2, whereas enhanced MMP-9 activation was independent of changes of its specific inhibitor TIMP-1. These inhibitory effects were specific to P. aeruginosa elastase-producing strains (PAO1 and lipopolysaccharide-deficient AK43 strain); supernatants from P. aeruginosa strain elastase-deficient PDO240 and Escherichia coli strain DH5alpha had no inhibitory effect. To mimic the effects of P. aeruginosa, we further analyzed HAEC wound closure in the presence of increasing concentrations of activated MMP-9 or MMP-2. Whereas increasing concentrations of active MMP-9 accelerated repair, excess activated MMP-2 generated a lower migration velocity. All these data demonstrate that P. aeruginosa virulence factors, especially elastase, may impede airway epithelial wound closure by altering cell motility and causing an imbalance between pro- and activated forms of MMP-2.

Actins↗
PubMed2000

Isolation of an unusual Mycobacterium species from an AIDS patient with acute lymphadenitis.

A nonchromogenic Mycobacterium species was isolated from an AIDS patient with acute lymphadenitis. On the basis of the results of conventional tests, the strain appeared to be an atypical nonphotochromogenic Mycobacterium kansasii strain. Sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene revealed a unique nucleic acid sequence, suggesting that the isolate represents an undescribed pathogenic species.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed2000

Cell wall-associated protein A as a tool for immunolocalization of Staphylococcus aureus in infected human airway epithelium.

Staphylococcus aureus is a common human pathogen involved in non-bronchial diseases and in genetic and acquired bronchial diseases. In this study, we applied an immunolabeling approach for in vivo and in vitro detection of S. aureus, based on the affinity of staphylococcal protein A (SpA) for the Fc region of immunoglobulins, especially IgG. Most strains of S. aureus, including clinical strains, can be detected with this labeling technique. The approach can be used for detection and localization with transmission electron microscopy or light-fluorescence microscopy of S. aureus in infected tissues such as human bronchial tissue from cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. The methodology can also be applied to cell culture models with the aim of characterizing bacterial adherence to epithelial cells in backscattered electron imaging with scanning electron microscopy. Application to the study of S. aureus adherence to airway epithelium showed that the bacteria did not adhere in vivo to intact airway epithelium. In contrast, bacteria adhered to the basolateral plasma membrane of columnar cells, to basal cells, to the basement membrane and were identified beneath the lamina propria when the epithelium was injured and remodeled, or in vitro when the epithelial cells were dedifferentiated.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[Bacillary endophthalmitis. Four case reports].

PURPOSE: Bacillary endophthalmitis occurring after penetrating ocular trauma with an intraocular foreign body is always associated with poor visual outcome. Bacilli cause fulminant infection associated with tissue damage in the intraocular structures. CASE REPORTS: Our series consisted of four patients with penetrating ocular trauma and endophthalmitis caused by B. cereus or B. licheniformis. Three eyes ultimately developed phtisis. Only on eye recovered good vision (2.5/10 P4). DISCUSSION: Recommended early treatment includes topical, subconjunctival, parenteral antibiotics. A review of the literature indicates that intravitreal antibiotic infusion is crucial for sufficient concentration to control infection. Early vitrectomy is recommended in the management of endophthalmitis. Vitreous and intraocular foreign bodies should be cultured to identify pathogens and ascertain antibiotic susceptibilities.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1998

[Rotavirus and other viruses of diarrhea].

Rotaviruses represent 80% of recognized viral etiologies and 140 million cases of diarrhea per year. They strike young children with similar frequency throughout the world, but the mortality rate is high in developing countries only, with some 870,000 deaths per year (WHO, 1997). Rotaviruses belong to the family of Reoviridae; they are segmented bicatenary RNA viruses, which explains their genetic variability, the presence of mixed infections, the establishment for some time already of a molecular epidemiology by electrophore types. The viruses are "naked" and thus resistant to the outside environment; their massive elimination, 10(8) to 10(10)viral particles per gram of faeces, begins with the first day of diarrhea. They are found in used water and can also be concentrated by shellfish; the environment thus constitutes a notable reservoir for the virus. Oral-faecal transmission is facilitated by deficient sanitary conditions. The 11 fragments of the genome each codify for 1 viral protein; 2 surface proteins, VP4 and VP7, bring about the formation of neutralizing antibodies, which are important for the protection and determination of different serotypes. A non structural protein--NSP4--would seem to intervene in the cytopathogenic effect and may act as a veritable viral enterotoxine. Numerous animal species are infected by rotaviruses which are district from the human ones. The pathology as it affects animals is of economic importance and of interest as an experimental and vaccinal model. Between human and animal rotaviruses there can be genetic rematchings and the VP6 protein is an antigen common to the group. The description of the other viruses responsible for diarrhea has benefited from widespread use of electronic microscopes from the very first years of study of rotaviruses. These other viruses belong to 6 different types: adenovirus, calcivirus, astrovirus, Norwalk agent and related viruses, coronavirus, enterovirus. They therefore have a structural and antigenic polymorphism but, except for the coronavirus, they are all "naked" virions with resistance in outside environments and means of transmission analogous to the rotaviruses. Clinical signs of viral gastroenterites, the age of the patient and epidemiological circumstances help in making an etiological diagnosis; the biological diagnosis has been simplified for the rotaviruses and the adenoviruses. Epidemics related to food, or of hydric and nosocomial origin, especially those due to the Norwalk agent, are under-declared and more frequent than those of bacterial origin. The prevention of dangers related to faeces, the improvement of sanitary conditions, health education, and better nutrition contribute to rotavirus prevention, but rotavirus diarrheas, the incidence of which is similar in developed and developing countries, would be more efficiently controlled through vaccination.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Comparative study of antitoxoplasmic IgG isotypes titrated by high sensitivity direct agglutination and indirect immunofluorescence: consequence of the choice of methods on the expression of results in international units].

The use of International Units per ml (IU/ml) to express antitoxoplasmic IgG antibody titers in the various diagnostic systems presently proposed, is misleading owing to discrepancies in the values found from one test to the other for a given serum. The authors compared the results of high sensitivity direct agglutination (HSDA) to those of indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) in two studies, systematic and longitudinal, dealing with 158 sera stratified for values ranging from 102,400 to 5 IU/ml. Discordances between the methods, which are greater for high values, prompt the use of low-titer sera for standardization. From the systematic study, a correlation table was established and proposed to convert the HSDA results into the theoretical corrected values close to those that would be obtained by IIF. Although this may be of interest in maintaining a coherent language, this table has its limits, particularly in acute episodes where the various antibody kinetics vary and amplify further the discrepancies. In such situations, it seems advisable for both clinicians and biologists to raise any equivocal kept going by what is termed as International Units. Consequently, if the titers obtained by one method cannot be correlated to those of the technique of reference (IIF, Dye test), on the basis of using I.U., it would be appropriate to express the results in units related to the method or kit used (e.g. U/ml/HSDA for high sensitivity direct agglutination). Finally, whatever the technique, it is still mandatory to conserve a significant threshold value of protective immunization, common and identical to those classically adopted (8-12 IU/ml).

Adult↗