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Biomedical subjects

O Basso

Publications and source records attributed to O Basso.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Oral clefts, transforming growth factor alpha gene variants, and maternal smoking: a population-based case-control study in Denmark, 1991-1994.

Studies in the United States have indicated that maternal first trimester smoking and infant transforming growth factor alpha (TGFA) locus mutations are associated with non-syndromic cleft lip and/or palate (CLP) and that a synergistic effect of these two risk factors occurs. Based on a Danish case-control study of CLP, the authors studied the effects of smoking and TGFA alleles in an ethnically homogeneous setting. Interview information was obtained for mothers of 302 CLP cases (96% of eligible) and for 567 mothers of nonmalformed children (94% of eligible). Multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that smoking was associated with a moderately increased risk of cleft lip +/- cleft palate (CL(P)) (odds ratio = 1.40, 95% confidence interval 0.99-2.00). No association between smoking and isolated cleft palate (CP) was observed. TGFA genotype was not associated with either CL(P) or CP, and no synergistic effect with smoking was observed. The "rare" TGFA allele occurred in 25% of both cases and controls compared with an average of 14% in other white control groups. Furthermore, the frequency of CLP in Scandinavia is among the highest in the world. Hence, it is possible that the previously reported association between TGFA and CLP to some degree can be attributable to confounding by ethnicity.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Male factors and socioeconomic indicators correlate with the risk of spontaneous abortion.

No less than 10% of clinically recognised pregnancies end as spontaneous abortions and the recurrence risk is high. Due to lack of data and appropriate study design only little is known about preventable causes of miscarriage. The aim of this study was to estimate the effect of paternal and environmental factors by studying reproductive histories in population based cohorts. We based the study upon two cohorts. The 'abortion cohort' consisted of 55 259 women who had a hospitalised spontaneous abortion in Denmark between 1980 and 1992 and who had a subsequent non-terminated pregnancy. The 'birth cohort'was based upon a 5% random sample of all women who in the same time period gave birth and subsequently had a non-terminated pregnancy (11 269 women). Data on change of partner, residence, mother's social status or occupation between the two pregnancies were linked to these two cohorts using the personal identification numbers and information stored in several population registers. Change of partner reduced the recurrence risk of spontaneous abortion substantially (OR = 0.59; 95 CI 0.52-0.67), but also changes in social status or job reduced the recurrence risk significantly. Changing the municipality of residence to a low risk area (based upon the geographical distribution of spontaneous abortions) reduced the risk of spontaneous abortion in both cohorts. A paternal effect on the recurrence risk of spontaneous abortion cannot be ruled out but environmental factors also play a role.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1999

Low birthweight and prematurity in relation to paternal factors: a study of recurrence.

BACKGROUND: The importance of paternal determinants in the occurrence of low birthweight and prematurity is not well known. We investigated these outcomes in siblings and paternal half siblings as a function of changes in putative external determinants between two births in fathers who had experienced the birth of a premature and/or low birthweight (PTB/LBW) infant. METHODS: All fathers who, between 1980 and 1992, had an infant born before 37 completed weeks' gestation or weighing <2500 g and a following child were studied. We identified 14 147 pairs of siblings from Danish national registers. The recurrence risk was studied in three sub-cohorts defined by the outcome in the index child (PTB only, PTB/LBW, LBW only). We estimated the recurrence risk in the younger sibling according to changes of female partner, municipality type, occupation, and father's social status. RESULTS: The overall recurrence risk was 16.7% for preterm delivery and 16.8% for LBW. Changing female partner was, as expected, associated with a reduction in the recurrence risk for both outcomes (RR = 0.40; 95% CI: 0.27-0.60 for preterm delivery and RR = 0.38; 95% CI : 0.26-0.56 for LBW). None of the other studied factors was associated with changes in the recurrence risk. Fathers who changed partner had offspring with similar birthweight and gestational length between the three sub-cohorts, while a difference was evident in offspring to fathers whose female partner was unchanged. CONCLUSIONS: We did not identify any paternal factor of importance in the occurrence of LBW and preterm delivery.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Study of environmental, social, and paternal factors in preterm delivery using sibs and half sibs. A population-based study in Denmark.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence on preterm delivery of changes in putative genetic and environmental risk factors between two consecutive births. Low social status is a suspected risk indicator of preterm delivery, but the impact of social mobility has not been studied before. PARTICIPANTS: The study uses national cohorts in which women act as their own controls. Subjects were identified by means of registries: 10,455 women who gave birth to a preterm child and had a subsequent live birth between 1980 and 1992 and 9849 women who gave birth to a child after 37 completed weeks of gestation and had a subsequent live born child in the same time period formed the cohorts. METHODS: The risk of having a premature infant in the subsequent pregnancy was analysed in each cohort as a function of changes in male partner, residency, occupation, and social status between the two pregnancies. RESULTS: There was a strong tendency to repeat a preterm delivery (18% v 6% in the general population). Social decline was associated with a moderate increase in the recurrence risk (OR: 1.22; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.47). In the reference cohort the risk of preterm delivery associated with changing from a rural to an urban municipality was 2.03 (95% CI: 1.14, 3.64). CONCLUSIONS: Social decline and moving to an urban municipality may be associated with preterm delivery.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Incidence and mechanism of the pivot shift. An in vitro study.

The aim of this study was to determine the incidence and mechanism of the pivot shift phenomenon in the normal and anterior cruciate ligament transected knee in vitro. Fifteen knees were tested under a range of valgus moments and iliotibial tract tensions when intact and after anterior cruciate ligament transection. Knee kinematics were measured and described in terms of tibial rotation as the knee flexed. Eight knees pivoted after anterior cruciate ligament transection. The mean pivot shift motion was an external tibial rotation of 17 degrees (+/- 11 degrees standard deviation) over a range of 27 degrees (+/- 24 degrees) knee flexion, at a mean flexion angle of 56 degrees (+/- 27 degrees). Clinically, this corresponds to a reduction of an anteriorly subluxed lateral tibial plateau as the knee flexes. When intact, pivoting and nonpivoting knees had similar anteroposterior laxity, but after anterior cruciate ligament transection, the pivoting group had significantly greater laxity. The loading required to elicit the pivot shift was critical and variable between knees, which raises questions about comparing clinicians' techniques and results in assessing the buckling instability attributable to anterior cruciate ligament injury.

Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries↗
PubMed1998

Low birth weight and preterm birth after short interpregnancy intervals.

OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to study low birth weight and preterm birth after short interpregnancy intervals. STUDY DESIGN: Follow-up of a cohort of a register-based random sample of women who had at least two live births in Denmark between 1980 and 1992. Frequency of preterm birth (gestational age <37 weeks) and low birth weight (<2500 gm) were studied as a function of the interpregnancy interval in 10,187 women. RESULTS: Short interpregnancy intervals (< or =8 months) were associated with preterm birth but not with low birth weight. The adjusted odds ratios for preterm birth were 3.60 (95% confidence interval 2.04 to 6.35) for intervals up to 4.00 months and 2.28 (1.49 to 3.48) for intervals between 4.01 and 8.00 months compared with deliveries after 24 to 36 months, in which the risk of preterm birth was 3.5%. Risks were higher in women with a previous pregnancy at term. Social status, age, and parity were adjusted for. CONCLUSIONS: Short interpregnancy intervals were associated with an increased risk of premature delivery. This risk should be taken into account when planning a new pregnancy.

Cohort Studies↗
PubMed1998

The effect of low frequency, long-wave ultrasound therapy on joint mobility and rehabilitation after wrist fracture.

Thirty-eight patients with dorsally-displaced distal fractures were prospectively studied to assess the clinical effects of low frequency ultrasound treatment, started immediately after plaster removal. Nineteen of the patients represented the control group and a double-blind protocol was followed. Assessment took place on the day of plaster removal and 2 and 8 weeks later. There was no significant difference in wrist motion and duration of follow-up between the treated and control patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Risk of preterm delivery, low birthweight and growth retardation following spontaneous abortion: a registry-based study in Denmark.

BACKGROUND: Some studies have found an association between spontaneous abortion and adverse birth outcome in the subsequent pregnancy, but results are conflicting, maybe due to lack of confounder control. METHODS: Using population-based registries we identified a cohort of 45 449 women having a livebirth preceded by a spontaneous abortion ('abortion cohort'), and a random sample of 9752 women with two consecutive livebirths ('reference cohort'). We examined the risk of preterm (<37 weeks gestation) and very preterm delivery (<34 weeks), low birthweight and growth retardation in both births in the reference cohort compared with births following an abortion, controlling for social factors and interpregnancy interval. RESULTS: Compared to second births in the reference cohort, the abortion cohort had higher risks for preterm (odds ratio [OR] = 1.74, 95% CI: 1.5-2.0) and very preterm delivery (OR = 2.17, 95% CI : 1.7-2.7), low birthweight (OR = 1.76, 95% CI: 1.5-2.1), and growth retardation (OR = 1.50, 95% CI: 1.4-1.6). In the reference cohort 3.9% of the pregnancies ended as preterm deliveries, 1 % as very preterm, 3.3% as low birthweight, and 8.1% as growth retarded. Women with two or more previous abortions had a higher risk for preterm and very preterm delivery. When first liveborns of women in the reference cohort were compared with first liveborns in the abortion cohort, only deliveries before 34 and 37 weeks' gestation were associated with previous abortion. CONCLUSIONS: Spontaneous abortion is associated with preterm delivery (both <34 and <37 weeks) in the subsequent pregnancy. Women who become pregnant following an abortion should receive special attention in the antenatal clinics.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed1998

Fecundability of female twins.

Animal studies have shown evidence of prenatal hormonal interaction between unlike sexed fetuses, including reduced fertility among females. We evaluated whether the fecundability of female twins is different from that of singletons and whether it differs according to the sex of the co-twin. The study was based on a questionnaire survey of 12,681 female twins born in the period 1953-1976 and an interview survey of 760 female controls born in the period 1953-1966, both in Denmark. Outcome of the first try ever to become pregnant (pregnant, still trying, stopped trying, pregnant despite contraception, and never tried) and the waiting time to pregnancy distribution did not differ among monozygotic, dizygotic same sexed, and dizygotic unlike sexed twins. More twins had a waiting time of less than 2 months, compared with singletons. This difference probably reflects an artifact due to the data collection method, because it disappeared when the cutoff point was changed to include 2 months for singletons, and we found no difference for longer waiting times. Hence, we found no increase in fecundability for twins compared with singletons, nor any reduced fecundability among female twins from unlike sexed pairs.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Change in social status and risk of low birth weight in Denmark: population based cohort study.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the risk of having a low birthweight infant associated with changes in social, environmental, and genetic factors. DESIGN: Population based, historical cohort study using the Danish medical birth registry and Statistic Denmark's fertility database. SUBJECTS: All women who had a low birthweight infant (< 2500 g) (index birth) and a subsequent liveborn infant (outcome birth) in Denmark between 1980 and 1992 (exposed cohort, n = 11,069) and a random sample of the population who gave birth to an infant weighing > or = 2500 g and to a subsequent liveborn infant (unexposed cohort, n = 10,211). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Risk of having a low birthweight infant in the outcome birth as a function of changes in male partner, area of residence, type of job, and social status between the two births. RESULTS: Women in the exposed cohort showed a high risk (18.5%) of having a subsequent low birthweight infant while women in the unexposed cohort had a risk of 2.8%. After adjustment for initial social status, a decline in social status increased the absolute risk of having a low birthweight infant by about 5% in both cohorts, though this was significant only in the unexposed cohort. Change of male partner did not modify the risk of low birth weight in either cohort. CONCLUSION: Having had a low birthweight infant and a decline in social status are strong risk factors for having a low birthweight infant subsequently.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Repeating episodes of low fecundability. A multicentre European study. The European Study Group on Infertility and Subfecundity.

Many reproductive failures tend to repeat themselves within the same couple. Whether fecundability (the probability of conceiving in a given number of menstrual cycles) follows the same pattern is studied using data from the European Studies on Infertility and Subfecundity (ESIS): 6630 women were interviewed on 'time to pregnancy' (TTP) and other aspects of their pregnancy history. Surveys were conducted between 1991 and 1994 in seven regions from five European countries. Furthermore, the pattern of fecundability in this population was compared with results from computer simulations based upon a population with fixed fecundability parameters. Results from ESIS speak in favour of the stability of fecundability in the relatively short reproductive life of a couple. However, a substantial proportion of couples with up to two events of subfecundability (TTP >9.5 months) became pregnant shortly after trying again. This finding calls for reservation in starting expensive and/ or unpleasant diagnostic procedures at an early stage when a couple tries to become pregnant again.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

The performance of several indicators in detecting recall bias. European Study Group on Infertility and Subfecundity.

Self-reported exposure data are vulnerable to differential recall, which threatens the internal validity and thus the credibility of the study. When a proxy measure of the exposure of interest is available, it may be possible to check for the presence of recall bias due to misclassification of the exposure information. We present a number of indicators of recall bias for case-control studies, and we describe their behavior by means of computer simulations. The indicators are all based upon a comparison between self-reported exposure data and data on job titles grouped into exposure-specific matrices. The indicators are based upon the assumption that job titles are reported without differential misclassification for cases as well as controls. We also assume that exposure data are reported with the same accuracy by workers in different jobs. Under these assumptions, the proposed indicators will provide valuable-although not conclusive-signs of recall bias. The principles elaborated in this paper can be applied to other situations in which self-reported exposure data are used.

Bias↗
PubMed1996

Shift work and subfecundity: a European multicenter study. European Study Group on Infertility and Subfecundity.

Shift work has been associated with various unfavorable pregnancy outcomes (ie, pregnancy loss, spontaneous abortion, low birth weight, etc). The suggested underlying mechanism is the interference of shift work with the circadian regulation of human metabolism and, in particular, with the temporal pattern of endocrine function. To analyze the effect of shift work on fecundity, the Time of Unprotected Intercourses (TUI) has been measured in couples recruited in the European Studies on Infertility and Subfecundity, which were undertaken in seven European countries. A low (odds ratio < 2.0) but consistent excess risk of subfecundity (TUI > or = 9.4 months) has been observed both in a representative sample of the general population of women in reproductive age and in a sample of pregnant women or women who had just given birth. The excess risk was also consistently evident both in the subsample of the first pregnancies and in the subsample of the most recent pregnancies. Only the exposure of women to shift work seemed to affect a couple's fecundity; men working shift work did not modify the fecundity pattern of their own couples. No specific job title among shift workers concentrated the risk of subfecundity. No association of menstrual disorders with shift work was identified. Even though residual confounding could partly account for the results and the fact that a plausible biological explanation of the claimed effect is still lacking, data from this study are in favor of an association between shift work and prolonged waiting time to pregnancy.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Are seasonal preferences in pregnancy planning a source of bias in studies of seasonal variation in reproductive outcomes? The European Study Group on Infertility and Subfecundity.

Seasonal variation in reproductive failures is expected, as many of the putative causes change over the seasons. Many studies have documented such seasonal variation in reproductive failures, but none has addressed the potential source of bias related to seasonal planning of pregnancies. Our aim was to quantify this bias under realistic assumptions. We used data from the European Study of Infertility and Subfecundity, which is a study based upon representative samples of women age 25-44 years in different parts of Europe. Data on pregnancy planning stem from personal interviews. Altogether, we analyzed 4,731 pregnancies. Results show that pregnancy planning is not evenly distributed over the seasons, with summer the preferred time for starting pregnancy. The most fecund will conceive within the preferred time, but those who are subfecund may not succeed until later. Since subfecund women have a higher risk of some reproductive failures (spontaneous abortions, for example), the seasonal planning differences could in themselves lead to seasonal variations in reproductive failures. A simulation model shows that bias related to differential pregnancy planning is likely to have only a small impact under the present conditions in Europe.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗