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Biomedical subjects

O Brunser

Publications and source records attributed to O Brunser.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

Fine structure of the small intestinal mucosa in infantile marasmic malnutrition.

The jejunal mucosa was studied in infantile marasmic malnutrition in the early phase after treatment was begun and before the onset of significant weight gain. In 7 infants light microscopy before recovery showed that the mucosa was normal or mildly abnormal in 4, and moderately abnormal in 3 cases. The electron microscope disclosed abnormalities of the brush border, large autophagosomes and residual bodies, and the deposition of collagen, filaments, and a dense, finely granular material below the basal lamella. Three of the infants were studied again during recovery. Although the histology remained unchanged, electron microscopy revealed improvement of the brush border, disappearance of the autophagosomes, and smaller and fewer residual bodies. The dense material below the basal lamella was absent whereas the fibrillar components remained. It is postulated that the fine structural lesions observed may be due to the derangements in cell metabolism caused by the severe, prolonged restriction of protein and caloric intake.

Cell Membrane↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Cryptosporidiosis: studies in children in communities of low socioeconomic level].

Cryptosporidium was detected in 2 (1.5%) out of 132 children under 2 years with acute diarrhea; in 2 (3.2%) out of 63 patients under 2 years with persistent diarrhea; in 1 (3.9%) out of 26 malnourished patients younger than 2 years with an episode of acute diarrhea and in 7 (1.4%) out of 516 pediatric ambulatory patients who consulted for acute or chronic diarrhea or recurrent abdominal pain. The clinical histories of the 5 infants with cryptosporidiosis who belonged to the first 3 studies, are presented. All they had prolonged diarrhea (more than 15 days long), and one of them showed low IgG and IgA serum concentrations, but normal proportions of T lymphocyte populations.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Trial of milk with low-lactose contents in acute diarrhea].

Fifty infants with acute diarrhea (less than or equal to 5 days of duration) were refed with either a low-lactose formula (experimental group, N = 25) or whole powdered cow's milk (control group, N = 25). During a two-month follow up etiology, clinical course, changes of anthropometric parameters and tolerance to the milk products were evaluated. The etiology of diarrhoea, the mean duration of the episodes (3.6 +/- 1.9 and 3.9 +/- 1.9 days in the experimental and control group, respectively) and the clinical course were comparable in both groups. Nutritional parameters remained unchanged during and after the episode. In two children (8.3%) of the control group stools continued to be liquid, fecal pH was 5 and reducing substances were positive. They had to be refed with the low-lactose product to induce remission of the symptoms. Both products were well tolerated. These findings suggest that availability of low-lactose formulae may be advantageous in the clinical management of infants with acute diarrhea and evidence of lactose intolerance.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Modular diet and parenteral support in persistent diarrhea].

Eleven infants with protracted diarrhea were treated with modular diet and short-term parenteral nutrition. Mean age at admission was 3.7 months with males predominating. Enteropathogenic E. coli, classic serotypes, were isolated from 7 patients and rotavirus from one. A child with combined, severe immunodeficiency died. Milk protein intolerance was diagnosed in another patient. Balance studies and peroral biopsies were performed. Malnutrition was more frequent and hospital stay was longer in those infants who developed nosocomial infections. Even though this treatment shortened the duration of the hospitalization, the negative nutritional impact persisted: Weight/Age (NCHS) decreased from 84% to 61%, with rapid recovery after discharge. Fecal lactic acid excretion was increased on admission to 1,296 mg x day and disaccharidase activity was decreased. The modular diet decreased both fecal volume and lactic acid excretion.

Diarrhea, Infantile↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Retrospective evaluation of persistent diarrhea at a primary health service].

Information about persistent diarrhea is scarse despite the fact that it is a frequent cause of death in children who live in developing countries. The 36,358 pediatric consultations performed at a Primary Health Care Center in Southeastern Santiago in 1984 were retrospectively evaluated. Diarrheic syndromes represented 5.1% of consultations and corresponded to 909 episodes; of these, 6.3% were cases of persistent diarrhea (greater than 15 days). The highest frequency occurred among children under 2 years of age (60.7%). In 68.7% of cases feces were liquid and in 37.5% mucus, pus or blood was present in stools. Persistent diarrhea was more frequent among malnourished patients (p less than 0.001) who, in turn, suffered the greatest nutritional deterioration in relation to the episode of diarrhea. Intravenous fluids were required by 23.3% of patients while 27.9% were admitted to hospital. This contrasts with patients who suffer episodes which lasted less than 15 days, who were all orally hydrated and only 7.8% required hospitalization (p less than 0.01).

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Enteropathogens associated with acute diarrhea in hospitalized infants.

Thirty-five infants of low socioeconomic status who were living in urban Santiago were hospitalized for acute diarrhea were prospectively evaluated for the presence of enteropathogens associated with the episode. Some degree of malnutrition was evident in 20 infants (57.1%); 15 of these (75%) were under 6 months of age. Mean duration of the hospital stay was 11.8 days for well-nourished patients and 15.7 days for the malnourished patients. One or more enteropathogens were found in 60% of the cases studied: in 17 cases (48.6%) these were bacteria and in four cases (11.4%) it was rotavirus. Parasites were not detected. In three patients, two different pathogens were demonstrated. Among the bacteria, 12 isolates (34.3%) were enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) and two (5.7%) were Shigella. Campylobacter jejuni was also isolated from two different cases (5.7%) and Salmonella from one case (2.9%). The recovery of pathogens was independent of the nutritional status. Mean age of detection of EPEC was 3.2 months among well-nourished infants and 6.2 months among the malnourished (p less than 0.001). Half of the EPEC strains isolated were multiresistant to antibiotics. One of these strains transferred some of its resistance in vitro to E. coli K12. Ampicillin and kanamycin were the antibiotics to which EPEC showed the greatest resistance. The other bacterial pathogens were mostly sensitive to antibiotics. Campylobacter jejuni, together with Shigella, was the second most frequent pathogen isolated during episodes of diarrhea. Campylobacter should be included in the routine study of diarrheal episodes in our setting.

Acute Disease↗