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Biomedical subjects

O C Green

Publications and source records attributed to O C Green.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Long-term prospective evaluation of offspring of diabetic mothers.

We have suggested that altered maternal metabolism may affect the subsequent anthropometric and neuropsychological development of children who were in utero during disturbances in maternal fuel economy. This study reports the physical growth through 8 yr of age and the neuropsychological development through 4 yr of age in offspring of diabetic mothers (ODM). At birth, 50% of infants had weights greater than 90th percentile for gestational age. By 12 mo, length and weight were similar to the general population. Height remained normal until 7 yr of age, when it became slightly greater than average. After 5 yr of age, relative weight increased dramatically, and by 8 yr of age, half of the ODM had weights greater than 90th percentile. This childhood obesity in ODM is correlated with maternal prepregnant weight and independently with amniotic fluid insulin at 32-38 wk gestation. The Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (BNBAS) was administered to 185 newborn ODM. Significant correlations were found between poorer second- and third-trimester glycemic regulation and lower scores in three of four newborn BNBAS dimensions. The Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale was measured in 102 ODM at 4 yr of age. We found an inverse correlation between childhood IQ and second- and third-trimester maternal lipid metabolism (serum free fatty acids and beta-hydroxybutyrate). This correlation is not explained by adverse perinatal events, socioeconomic status, maternal IQ, ethnicity, or diabetes type. These long-range associations between altered maternal metabolism and childhood growth and development continue to support Freinkel's hypothesis of fuel-mediated teratogenesis.

Aging↗
PubMed1990

Amniotic fluid insulin concentration as a predictor of obesity.

Longitudinal correlations were obtained between amniotic fluid insulin concentration at 32 to 38 weeks' gestation and anthropometric characteristics at the age of 6 years in 56 children of diabetic mothers. The prospective studies indicated that at the age of 6 years, as at birth, the greatest increase in weight in relation to height (relative obesity) was seen in children who experienced the greatest exposures to insulin in the uterus (as judged by amniotic fluid insulin concentration). Significant correlations between amniotic fluid insulin and relative obesity at the age of 6 years were found after adjustment for maternal obesity and macrosomia at birth. The highest amniotic fluid insulin values are clustered in the subgroup of 14 children who were obviously obese by the age of 6 years. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that there is an association between anthropometric development and intrauterine metabolism, and suggest that premature and excessive exposure to insulin during gestation may predispose to obesity in childhood. The amniotic fluid insulin concentration may predict this eventuality.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed1979

A clinical scoring system for chronic inflammatory bowel disease in children.

A clinical scoring system for the assessment of children with chronic inflammatory bowel disease has been devised. A close correlation is demonstrated between severity of disease and the level of serum albumin. The clinical score is simple to perform, sensitive to changes in clinical status, reproducible by different observers, and specifically designed to evaluate inflammatory bowel disease in children and adolescents. The clinical score is a useful adjunct in the management of children with chronic inflammatory bowel disease and can be used in prospective studies of various therapeutic modalities.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Serum cholesterol and triglycerides in children with growth hormone deficiency.

To test the hypothesis that hyperlipidemia is characteristic of growth hormone deficiency in childhood, we have measured serum cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations in 24 euthyroid children with growth hormone deficiency. Although modest elevations of cholesterol and/or triglyceride above the 95th percentile for age, race, and sex were present in 46% of the children studied, the mean (+/- 1 SD) cholesterol of 173 +/- 36 mg/dl and the mean triglyceride of 80 +/- 42 mg/dl were not significantly different from published normal mean values. Administration of human growth hormone for 4 mo to 15 of these subjects did not alter these mean cholesterol and triglyceride values, but did result in a marked improvement in the growth rate. Some individuals (n = 6) with a subnormal growth response to therapy and/or a low serum thyroxine and high serum cholesterol were treated for an additional 4 mo with growth hormone and thyroid hormone together. There was a statistically significant decrement in serum cholesterol in this group. We conclude that modest hyperlipidemia does exist in some children with growth hormone deficiency. Subclinical hypothyroidism may play a role in the hypercholesterolemia of some children, as may growth hormone deficiency itself. Any association of growth hormone and lipid metabolism remains to be clarified.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Somatomedin activity and diabetic control in children with insulin-dependent diabetes.

To test the hypothesis that somatomedin activity is influenced by diabetes and its metabolic regulation, the relationship between somatomedin activity and diabetic control as assessed by hemoglobin A1C was investigated in 40 children with insulin-dependent diabetes. An inverse correlation between hemoglobin A1C and serum somatomedin activity was statistically significant. The data suggest that abnormalities of linear growth, which can occur in children with poorly controlled diabetes, may involve abnormalities in net somatomedin activity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Plasma levels, half-life values, and correlation with physiologic assays for growth and immunity.

Plasma prednisolone levels have been measured hourly in children receiving a single dose of oral prednisone. Peak prednisolone levels occurred one to two hours after ingestion; half-life studies gave a mean value of 132 minutes in most children. Some children had marked variability in absorption and metabolism of prednisone. Somatomedin activity and cell-mediated immunity were inhibited by plasma prednisolone values which were achieved by single doses of prednisone of 0.5 mg/kg or higher. Monitoring prednisolone levels may be of value in identifying those children who accumulate excessively high levels on moderate dosage regimens.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1977

Fluorinated corticosteroid toxicity in infants.

An 11-month-old girl died from complications of Cushing's syndrome. The latter was the result of routine topical and periocular dosages of fluorinated corticosteroids following corneal homografts for sclerocornea.

Corneal Transplantation↗
PubMed1977

Vitiligo and juvenile diabetes mellitus.

Five juvenile diabetics had vitiligo. In two children, the vitiligo preceded the onset of diabetes. Four of the five patients had thyroid, adrenal, or gastric antibodies or a combination of these. In three children HLA-B8 antigens were detected, and one additional patient had HLA-Bw15. Of eight nondiabetic children with vitiligo, one had abnormal glucose tolerance. To the evidence supporting an autoimmune form of diabetes mellitus we add another observation: the association of insulin-dependent diabetes and childhood vitiligo.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Carbohydrate homeostasis in chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis: increased incidence of diabetes mellitus.

Twenty-one patients were seen with the diagnosis of chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis in the Endocrine Clinic during 1965-1972. Three patients developed clinical diabetes mellitus at intervals from one month to three years after the diagnosis of thyroiditis was confirmed. An additional patient, a member of the study group reported here, had asymptomatic glucose intolerance initially and developed insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus six months after the diagnosis of thyroiditis was established. Standard glucose tolerance tests were performed on 12 additional patients. One of these patients had unequivocal evidence of chemical diabetes; one other had a borderline abnormal oral glucose tolerance test. The remaining ten patients had normal glucose and insulin values during the OGTT. These studies indicate that children with chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis are at increased risk of developing diabetes mellitus when compared with the normal childhood population.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1976

Enzyme induction by enflurane in man.

Concentrations of 6-beta-hydroxycortisol (6-OHF), a polar metabolite of cortisol formed in the endoplasmic reticulum (microsomes) of the liver, and 17-hydroxycorticosteroids (17-OHCS) were measured in the urines of six healthy adult male volunteers exposed to a mean of 9.6 MAC-hours of enflurane anesthesia as an index of possible enzyme induction. The ratio of 6-OHF to 17-OHCS in 24-hour urine specimens collected five days before anesthesia was compared with the ratio of these metabolites in 24-hour urine specimens collected 16 to 18 hours after anesthesia. The ratio of 6-OHF to 17-OHCS increased markedly in five and decreased slightly in one volunteer following anesthesia. The results indicate that enflurane may cause induction of hepatic microsomal enzymes.

17-Hydroxycorticosteroids↗
PubMed1975

Conversion of progesterone-1,2-3-H to 5beta-pregnane-3,20-dione by brain tissue.

The presence of a 5beta-reductase acting to convert progesterone to 5beta-pregnane-3,20-dione is described in the soluble 105,000 x g fraction of a preparation of dog cerebral cortex. The function of this enzymatic activity is obscure but may be important in regulation of sensorium. 5beta-pregnane compounds are potent depressors of the central nervous system.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Schmidt's syndrome in a child with diabetes mellitus.

Schmidt's syndrome (thyroid and adrenal insufficiency) and concurrent diabetes mellitus represent an intriguing multiple endocrinopathy in children. This report describes an eleven-year-old girl with diabetes of eight years' duration presenting in adrenal crisis. Serum thyroxine was undetectable, and antibodies to both thyroglobulin and adrenal tissue were found in high titer. The child's condition stabilized with hormonal replacement therapy, except for persistent growth failure. Approximately two years later she succumbed during a rapidly fulminant episode of ketoacidosis. The natural history of her illness supports recent speculation based on serologic data that juvenile diabetes mellitus may be an immunologic disorder in some children.

Adrenal Glands↗