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Biomedical subjects

O C Lunde

Publications and source records attributed to O C Lunde.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Indications for surgery in ulcerative colitis. Some aspects of a hospital case load].

From 1.1.1985 to 1.1.1992, 233 patients with ulcerative colitis were treated in the Medical Department, Aker Hospital. 30 patients (12.9%) were referred for surgery. The main indications for surgery were severe colitis and chronic persisting symptoms. The increased risk of developing colorectal carcinoma in cases of long-standing extensive ulcerative colitis is generally accepted. Many of our unoperated patients belong to this risk group. In the present sample the resection rate was lower than recently reported from Sweden and Denmark. Symptomatic patients in the risk group for developing colorectal carcinoma should be offered surgery more liberally, and asymptomatic patients in this group should be offered colonoscopic surveillance.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Changes in the gastrointestinal mucosa after long-distance running.

Two groups of long-distance runners were investigated for the effect of marathon running on the gastrointestinal mucosa. In one group gastric erosions with bleeding were found in five of nine subjects, mostly localized to the corpus region. The relative gastric blood flow measured by endoscopic laser Doppler flowmetry was slightly decreased in the cardia region (from 7.0 to 5.8; p less than 0.05) but unchanged in the other parts of the stomach, including the erosive lesions. In another group (n = 8) all the subjects showed a substantial increase in the urinary excretion of 51Cr-labeled ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid after oral intake, which indicates an increase in the intestinal permeability. There is reason to suggest that long-distance running affects the integrity of the gastric and the intestinal mucosa.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Serum carcinoembryonic antigen in relation to survival, DNA ploidy pattern, and recurrent disease in 406 colorectal carcinoma patients.

Serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels in relation to survival, flow cytometric DNA ploidy pattern, Dukes stage, and recurrent disease was prospectively evaluated in 406 patients with colorectal carcinoma. In 246 patients (61%) the carcinomas were DNA aneuploid. Increased preoperative CEA levels (> 5 micrograms/l) were found in 151 of 363 evaluable patients (42%). Dukes stage-B patients with preoperative CEA elevation showed significantly poorer prognosis than those with normal CEA values (p = 0.001). A weak but significant correlation was found between preoperative CEA level and Dukes stage (Kendall's tau = 0.25, p < 0.01). Of 50 evaluable patients with clinical recurrence and postoperative normal or normalized CEA levels, 28 (56%) had a rise in CEA before or at the time of clinical recurrence. The sensitivity of the CEA test for primary and for recurrent disease was not significantly different in the DNA aneuploid and the DNA near-diploid groups.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1991

[Laser Doppler blood flowmetry].

Laser doppler flowmetry is a method for continuous quantification of microvascular perfusion. During the measurements, low energy Helium-Neon laser light is applied to the tissue. Doppler shifted light reflected out of the tissue is then analyzed, and the shift of frequency quantitated. The output signal is proportional to the flux of blood cells in the measuring tissue of some few mm3. Laser doppler flowmetry can easily be applied for measurements on skin and surgically exposed surfaces. Measurements can also be obtained through an endoscope. Measuring probes of diameter 0.5 mm can be introduced into tissues to quantitate microvascular perfusion within tissues. The article reviews the theory of laser doppler flowmetry measurements, presents methodological aspects, and gives examples of clinical application.

Blood Flow Velocity↗
PubMed1991

[Tracheobronchial tumors treated with laser. 7-year experiences at Aker hospital].

The first Nd-YAG laser treatment for endoluminal airway obstruction in Norway was performed at Aker Hospital in November 1983. During the ensuing seven years 68 patients have been treated, involving altogether 172 procedures. During the early years a flexible bronchoscope was used to guide the flexible laser probe, in later years the usual practice has been to use the rigid bronchoscope, 54 patients were treated for malignant tumour, three for semi-malignant and 11 for benign tumour. In general, the best results were achieved with a proximal location of the tumour. Two patients died during the procedure from hypoxia, and one patient died from hemoptysis on the fifth day after operation. Based on retrospective studies of the clinical journal and the results from postmortem examination of 97 consecutive patients who died from pulmonary carcinoma, we anticipated that six of these patients would have benefited from laser treatment on at least one occasion during their disease. In Norway, with an incidence of approximately 400 cases of pulmonary carcinomas each year per million inhabitants, we estimate the need of lung laser procedures to be 25 per million each year.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Gastrointestinal laser treatment].

During the seven-year period from 1983 to 1990, 210 patients with gastrointestinal disorders were treated by laser at Aker Hospital. The main reason for the laser treatment was gastrointestinal bleeding, malignant tumour obstruction in oesophagus and rectum, and colorectal adenoma. This treatment has also been used in some patients with benign strictures and in 30 patients with perianal condylomata. In this paper we present the results of the treatment, and our experiences. We conclude that the use of laser has become an established alternative treatment for a number of gastrointestinal conditions.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Association between DNA ploidy pattern and cellular atypia in colorectal carcinomas. A new clinical application of DNA flow cytometric study?

Fresh tissue specimens from 406 colorectal carcinomas were analyzed by DNA flow cytometric study, and the DNA ploidy pattern was compared with Dukes' stage, histologic grade, and degree of cellular atypia. Sixty-one percent of the carcinomas had a distinct aneuploid DNA pattern. The proportion of aneuploid carcinomas was significantly higher in the advanced Dukes' stages than in the localized ones. A highly significant association was found between DNA ploidy pattern and degree of cellular atypia, whereas no association was demonstrated between DNA ploidy pattern and histologic grade. This finding might indicate that cellular atypia has a stronger prognostic impact than the growth pattern of the tumor. The authors suggest that flow cytometric DNA quantification may replace assessment of cellular atypia in the histologic evaluation. Furthermore, together with earlier findings by others, these results indicate that the degree of cellular atypia may be conserved during the development from adenomas to carcinomas.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1990

[Chronic intestinal ischemia].

The syndrome of intestinal angina is rare and can be effectively treated by revascularization of the obstructed arteries. Usually the time from onset of symptoms to diagnosis is several months. Because of abdominal pain and loss of weight, abdominal malignancy is often suspected. At present there is no specific diagnostic test, and angiography with two projections is necessary. During the last decade 373 patients with intestinal angina have been reported. Our group presents two patients who have been operated on. After a follow-up of 18 and 19 months respectively, they are still without symptoms.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

The effects of water-soluble contrast media on luminal distension and blood flow in closed loops of small bowel in minipigs.

The effects of iohexol, sodium diatrizoate, and physiologic saline on intestinal distension and circulation were observed for 8 h in nine minipigs with closed-loop obstruction of the small bowel. The two contrast media led to an elevation of intraluminal pressures when initially instilled at pressures above 35 mm Hg. These elevated pressures were not high enough to cause rupture of the bowel wall. Both contrast media caused severe mucosal ischaemia as judged from histologic sections, loops containing sodium diatrizoate more so than iohexol. The blood circulation of the bowel wall, examined by laser Doppler flowmetry, was after 6 to 8 h reduced to about 10% of the values of non-obstructed bowel at intraluminal pressures of about 70 mm Hg in the loops with iohexol and sodium diatrizoate. The correlation to osmolality was obvious when compared with concurrent observations in the loops with physiologic saline. In the bowel loops filled with physiologic saline the pressure fell to 5 mm Hg after 8 h, regaining approximately one-third of pre-instillation levels of blood flow. On microscopy these bowel loops had a nearly normal mucosa.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Evaluation of endoscopic laser Doppler flowmetry for measurement of human gastric blood flow. Methodologic aspects.

Endoscopic measurement of gastric blood perfusion by laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) has been evaluated in 28 patients and 15 healthy volunteers. During the recordings it was necessary to keep the probe in light contact with the mucosa to obtain stable curves and to avoid artificial Doppler signals caused by relative movements between the gastric wall and the probe. Gastric distention by air insufflation did not influence the recorded flow level significantly when air insufflation was moderate. The intravenous injection of 0.6 mg atropine did not cause any significant alteration in recorded blood flow, and this drug may be used as premedication before endoscopic blood flow measurements. Recordings with both 4- and 12-kHz bandwidth of the LDF instrument showed a relative constant relationship for different flow levels, the flow values measured with 12 kHz being about twice the corresponding values measured with 4 kHz. With 12-kHz bandwidth more of the disturbance signal is recorded, which makes analysis of endoscopic recorded flow curves difficult and inaccurate. It is therefore recommended to use 4-kHz bandwidth during endoscopic measurements in conscious humans. Blood flow measurements from both sides of the gastric wall were consistently of the same order of magnitude (r = 0.91), and the endoscopically recorded output signal increased in three of five patients when a reflecting mirror was placed at the serosal side. The results indicate that endoscopic LDF usually represents blood perfusion in all layers of the gastric wall.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Gastric blood flow in patients with gastric ulcer measured by endoscopic laser Doppler flowmetry.

Gastric blood flow has been studied endoscopically by laser Doppler flowmetry in 15 patients with chronic gastric ulcer. In all patients the ulcer was located at the lesser curvature of the corpus. The blood flow measured in this area was decreased compared with healthy controls, whereas the flow values in other parts of the stomach were similar to those of controls. In the ulcer bed very low blood flow values were measured. The blood flow of the ulcer margin was similar to that of other parts of the lesser curvature. After 4-6 weeks' treatment with the H2-receptor antagonist cimetidine, the ulcer was healed in about 70% of the patients. The blood flow measured at the lesser curvature and in the ulcer area was still low and of the same magnitude as the corresponding values of the first measurement. After 4 months the ulcer was healed in all but one patient. The blood flow of the lesser curvature had increased significantly, whereas decreased blood flow was measured at the distal part of the greater curvature. In the area where the ulcer was located, very low flow values were still measured. This finding may explain why ulcer recurrence usually occurs at the site of the primary ulcer.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Effect of pentagastrin and cimetidine on gastric blood flow measured by laser Doppler flowmetry.

Endoscopic laser Doppler flowmetry has been used to study the effect of the secretagogue pentagastrin and the H2-receptor antagonist cimetidine on gastric blood flow in 24 healthy subjects. The subcutaneous injection of pentagastrin, 0.6 micrograms/kg body weight, caused a significant increase in gastric acid secretion. This increase did not provoke any significant change in gastric blood flow, measured in seven defined areas of the oesophagus and stomach. Furthermore, no significant correlation was found between the level of basal and maximal acid secretion and blood flow. The infusion of 200 mg cimetidine caused a significant reduction of gastric blood flow in five of the seven investigated areas (P less than 0.05 and P less than 0.01). Cimetidine had no effect on blood pressure or skin blood flow, measured by laser Doppler flowmetry. The study was performed without previous stimulation of acid secretion, and blood flow reduction was measured in both the corpus and the antrum of the stomach. The effect of cimetidine is therefore hardly a result of the acid-reducing effect of the drug. In this study no significant relationship could be shown between the gastric wall blood flow and acid secretion.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Effect of somatostatin on human gastric blood flow evaluated by endoscopic laser Doppler flowmetry.

The effect of somatostatin on human gastric blood flow has been evaluated by endoscopic laser Doppler flowmetry. A bolus injection of 250 micrograms somatostatin intravenously caused a transitory decrease in the gastric blood flow of 40%. After continuous infusion of somatostatin for 1 h no change in the gastric microcirculation could be demonstrated in spite of significantly elevated somatostatin-like immunoreactivity in plasma. The results do not give evidence that somatostatin has a possible beneficial effect in patients with gastric bleeding caused by a significant gastric blood flow reduction.

Adult↗