PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

O Cars

Publications and source records attributed to O Cars.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Determination of extravascular concentrations of doxycycline.

Doxycycline concentration in rabbit serum and muscle fluid were studied following a single iv infusion of 10 mg/kg. Maximal levels of doxycycline in muscle tissue fluid were found within 20 min after the end of infusion. Thereafter muscle fluid levels of doxycycline were similar to concurrent serum levels and were eliminated at a similar rate.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

A problem in the interpretation of beta-lactam antibiotic levels in tissues.

Ceftazidime was injected iv to rabbits (25 mg/kg). Samples of the whole muscle and muscle tissue fluid were removed at 0.25, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5 h for assay. Muscle tissue fluid was obtained using implanted cotton threads and freshly applied paper discs. The levels of ceftazidime in muscle fluid were similar to concurrent serum levels at all times tested. Ceftazidime levels in small pieces of excised muscle were significantly lower (ten-fold) than concurrent serum or tissue fluid levels. This difference between ceftazidime levels in whole tissue and tissue fluid is explained by the fact that not all antibiotics penetrate into the cellular mass of tissue but some remain confined to the much smaller interstitial tissue fluid compartment. The assumption that antibiotics will diffuse evenly throughout a tissue is an error to be avoided in the interpretation of antibiotic levels in tissues.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Piperacillin in paediatric surgery.

23 infants and children, aged 1 month - 15 years, were treated with piperacillin, a new semi-synthetic penicillin with a broad spectrum of activity. The indications were perforated appendicitis with peritonitis or abscess formation (12 patients), urinary tract infection due to congenital anomalies (3 patients), miscellaneous infections (3 patients) and peroperative prophylactic treatment (5 patients). The clinical response was good. Few adverse reactions were noted. The drug seems to be effective and safe.

Abscess↗
PubMed1982

Penetration of alafosfalin and ampicillin into tissue cage fluid in rabbits.

The pharmacokinetics of alafosfalin and ampicillin were studied in rabbits. Serum concentrations were compared to levels in subcutaneous tissue fluid obtained from implanted tissue cages. The concentrations of alafosfalin exceeded those of ampicillin and the drugs were eliminated at similar rates from serum and tissue fluid.

Alanine↗
PubMed1981

Penetration of ampicillin and dicloxacillin into tissue cage fluid in rabbits: relation to serum and tissue protein binding.

The pharmacokinetics of ampicillin and dicloxacillin following intravenous injection was studied in a tissue cage model in rabbits. Serum protein binding was 98.6% for dicloxacillin and 46.7% for ampicillin, and there were no major differences between the degree of binding in tissue case fluid. The highly bound dicloxacillin gave lower but more sustained levels in tissue cage fluid than ampicillin, and showed a very long elimination half-life. The findings suggest that the flow of albumin into the interstitial space could be of importance for the tissue penetration of highly protein bound antibiotics. The results also indicate dose-dependent pharmacokinetics for dicloxacillin.

Ampicillin↗
PubMed1981

Tissue distribution of ampicillin: assays in muscle tissue and subcutaneous tissue cage fluid from normal and nephrectomized rabbits.

Tissue distribution of ampicillin following a single intravenous injection was studied in normal and functionally nephrectomized rabbits. Serum concentrations of ampicillin were compared with those obtained in subcutaneous tissue cage fluid, muscle (measured by a direct agar diffusion method) and muscle tissue fluid (obtained from implanted cotton threads). Considerable differences were found. Penetration of ampicillin into rabbit muscle was rapid and the elimination half-life was similar to that of serum. Concentrations in tissue cage fluid were low as compared with muscle tissue fluid levels, and penetration and elimination was slower. Results from experiments in functionally nephrectomized rabbits showed that a steady state between serum and muscle seemed to be attained after 15-30 min. These results were used to estimate the degree of protein binding of ampicillin in muscle tissue fluid.

Ampicillin↗
PubMed1981

Tissue distribution of beta-lactam antibiotics. Experimental studies in rabbits.

Tissue distribution of ampicillin, dicloxacillin and cefuroxime was studied in rabbits. Different methods allowing frequent samples to be obtained from the same animal were used. Tissue fluid was obtained from subcutaneously implanted steel net cages and by implantation of thin cotton threads under the muscle fascia. A microtechnique was developed for determination of antibiotic concentrations in small muscle samples. The concentration time course in serum and tissue was followed after a single intravenous or intramuscular injection of the antibiotic. In tissue cage fluid, levels of ampicillin and dicloxacillin were low as compared to the serum concentrations. Also, maximum levels occurred later than in serum and elimination was slower. In contrast, rapid peak levels were achieved in muscle tissue with all three investigated antibiotics and the muscle concentrations declined parallel to the serum levels. The results also indicated that beta-lactam antibiotics are not homogeneously distributed in muscle tissue but mainly confined to the extracellular fluid volume. Whole tissue levels could therefore underestimate the actual antibiotic concentrations in the tissue fluid where the bacteria causing soft tissue infections are most likely to be found. Serum levels, however, seemed to be a good indicator for the concentration time course in tissue fluid.

Ampicillin↗
PubMed1980

Antibiotic assays in muscle: are conventional tissue levels misleading as indicator of the antibacterial activity?

Concentrations of ampicillin and cefuroxime in serum and muscle were studied in rabbits following a single intramuscular injection of 25 mg/kg. Simultaneous measurements were performed in whole muscle tissue pieces and in muscle tissue fluid obtained by implantation of cotton threads under the muscle fascia. The concentrations in the tissue fluid showed only a short time lag to thea serum levels. However, levels in whole muscle were substantially lower than the corresponding concentrations in muscle tissue fluid, indicating that the antibiotics were not evenly distributed within the tissue. The whole muscle tissue levels seriously underestimated, by a factor of approximately 5 times, the actual antibiotic concentrations in the extracellular fluid, where the microorganisms causing soft tissue infections are most likely to be found.

Ampicillin↗
PubMed1977

Myalgia nuchae as a manifestation of epidemic influenza.

Two cases of acute cervical myalgia in connection with symptoms of malaise and fever are presented. Both patients had serologically proven influenza infections, types A and B. No previous reports have been found of any association of the present syndrome with influenza infection.

Acute Disease↗