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Biomedical subjects

O Coskun

Publications and source records attributed to O Coskun.

17 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Neuroprotective effects of Nigella sativa on experimental spinal cord injury in rats.

The aim of this study was to investigate the possible beneficial effects of Nigella sativa (NS) in comparison to methylprednisolone on experimental spinal cord injury (SCI) in rats. SCI was performed by placing an aneurysm clip extradurally at the level of T11-12. Rats were neurologically tested over 24 h after trauma and spinal cord tissue samples were harvested for both biochemical and histopathological evaluation. The neurological scores of rats were not found to be different in SCI groups. SCI significantly increased the spinal cord tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyl (PC) levels, however SCI decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and catalase (CAT) enzyme activities compared to the control. Methylprednisolone and NS treatment decreased tissue MDA and PC levels and prevented inhibition of SOD, GSH-Px and CAT enzymes in the tissues. The most significant results were obtained when NS was given. In SCI and placebo groups, the neurons of spinal cord tissue became extensively dark and degenerated with picnotic nuclei. The morphology of neurons in methylprednisolone and NS-treated groups were well protected, however, not as well as the neurons of the control group. The number of neurons in the spinal cord tissue of the SCI and placebo groups was significantly less than the control, laminectomy, methylprednisolone and NS-treated groups. In conclusion, NS treatment might be beneficial in spinal cord tissue damage, and therefore shows potential for clinical implications.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Vitamin E protects against acetone-induced oxidative stress in rat red blood cells.

Acetone may induce oxidative stress leading to disturbance of the biochemical and physiological functions of red blood cells (RBCs) thereby affecting membrane integrity. Vitamin E (vit E) is believed to function as an antioxidant in vivo protecting membranes from lipid peroxidation. The aim of the present study was the evaluation of possible protective effects of vit E treatment against acetone-induced oxidative stress in rat RBCs. Thirty healthy male Wistar albino rats, weighing 200-230 g and averaging 12 weeks old were randomly allotted into one of three experimental groups: Control (A), acetone-treated (B) and acetone + vit E-treated groups (C), each containing ten animals. Group A received only drinking water. Acetone, 5% (v/v), was given with drinking water to B and C groups. In addition, C group received vit E dose of 200 mg/kg/day i.m. The experiment continued for 10 days. At the end of the 10th day, the blood samples were obtained for biochemical and morphological investigation. Acetone treatment resulted in RBC membrane destruction and hemolysis, increased thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) levels in plasma and RBC, and decreased RBC vit E levels. Vit E treatment decreased elevated TBARS levels in plasma and RBC and also increased reduced RBC vit E levels, and prevented RBC membrane destruction and hemolysis. In conclusion, vit E treatment appears to be beneficial in preventing acetone-induced oxidative RBC damage, and therefore, it can improve RBC rheology.

Acetone↗
PubMed2005

[Quantitative relationships between ADC and perfusion changes in acute ischemic stroke using combined diffusion-weighted imaging and perfusion MR (DWI/PMR)].

UNLABELLED: MR-based diffusion- and perfusion-weighted imaging (DWI/PWI) has become the standard imaging technique to assess the individual brain pathophysiological status in acute ischemic stroke. The finding of a "mismatch" with larger PWI than DWI abnormality is thought to reflect the presence of tissue at-risk of infarction, i.e., penumbra. However, there has been no detailed study of the quantitative relationships between perfusion and diffusion changes in stroke patients. According to the experimental concept of penumbra, the ADC would be expected to remain unchanged despite decreasing perfusion until a critical threshold is reached. We have tested this hypothesis directly in man. METHODS: DWI/PWI was performed in 7 patients with MCA territory stroke within 4-10 hrs from onset. Mismatch was defined on diffusion and rMTT maps, and circular ROIs were positioned within the ADC lesion (D), the mismatch area (M), and the normal appearing cortex (N); mirror ROIs were also obtained, and affected/unaffected ratios for ADC and rCBF were computed for each ROI. RESULTS: The mean (+/-1 SD) ADC ratios were 0.60 +/- 0.09, 0.95 +/- 0.10 and 1.02 +/- 0.04 in L, M and N, respectively; the corresponding rCBF ratios were 0.32 +/- 0.12, 0.75 +/- 0.14 and 0.97 +/- 0.09, respectively. The relationship was non-linear, with the rCBF but not the ADC ratio for M being significantly lower (p < 0.01) than that for N. A threshold for decline in ADC was apparent around 0.50 rCBF ratio. COMMENT: These results directly document in man that the ADC declines only after hypoperfusion has reached a certain degree (about 50%), consistent with the concept of the ischaemic penumbra.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2005

[Diffusion MR imaging of the central nervous system: clinical applications].

Diffusion-weighted MR imaging is a technique in which image contrast is determined by the motion of water molecules within tissues. This motion is characterized by the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC). This technique is particularly useful for the early detection of cerebral infarction but many other diseases of the central nervous system are associated with a change in water diffusion and may be assessed by diffusion-weighted MR imaging. This is an easy and fast pulse sequence providing useful data for early diagnosis and prognosis as well as information about underlying pathophysiology. After an overview of the basic concepts of diffusion imaging and the knowledge required for image interpretation, we will assess the potential value of this technique for the diagnosis of the main diseases of the central nervous system.

Brain Diseases↗
PubMed2005

Validity and reliability of Turkish translation of Migraine Disability Assessment (MIDAS) questionnaire in patients with migraine.

The Migraine Disability Assessment (MIDAS) questionnaire is a brief, self-administered questionnaire which is designed to quantify headache-related disability in a 3-month period. We have tested a Turkish version of the MIDAS questionnaire in 60 migraine patients. Sixty of the clinically diagnosed migraine headache sufferers were enrolled in a 90-day diary study and completed the MIDAS questionnaire in the first, 21st and the last day of the 90-day study. The scores taken from the diary and the scores of the MIDAS taken at different times were evaluated by the correlation tests of both Pearson and Spearman for each question and total scores. Cronbach's scores taken from the diary and taken from the test of the MIDAS which was applied at different times were evaluated. Pearson's correlation on the responses in the initial MIDAS questions was between 0.44 (reduced productivity in household chores) and 0.78 (missed work or school days). The correlation of the Spearman was similar to the Pearson values. As a result, we found that the overall score of the MIDAS has a good reliability and its internal consistency is also good (Cronbach's alpha 0.87). These findings support the use of the MIDAS questionnaire as a clinical and research tool on Turkish patients.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Magnetic resonance imaging of patients with cervicogenic headache.

Cervicogenic headache (CH) is a syndrome which is postulated to originate from nociceptive structures in the neck or head. The anatomical neck or head structures that are responsible for the pain in CH have not been clearly identified, but the pain in these patients probably originates from the structures of the cervical spine. In this study, cervical MRI were studied in 22 patients with cervicogenic headache and 20 control patients who did not have any disease which may effect the bone and muscle structures of cervical region. MRI imaging of cervical vertebra showed a disc bulging in 10 (45.4%) out of 22 patients with CH and in 9 (45.0%) of 20 controls (P > 0.05). The distribution of pathological lesions in patients and controls were not significantly different (P > 0.05). As a result, MRI may not be an adequate method to detect pathological findings underlying the aetiology of CH such as nerve roots, intervertebral joints and periosteum.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

[Otogenic cavernous sinus thrombophlebitis. A case report].

OBJECTIVES: Acquire knowledge concerning the diagnosis and treatment of otogenic cavernous sinus thrombophlebitis. PATIENT AND METHODS: We report a case of otogenic cavernous sinus thrombophlebitis (CST) in a 6-year-old boy. RESULTS: CST diagnosis was based on clinical signs (septic illness, ocular nerve palsy and chemosis), and neuro-imaging confirmed the diagnosis. Contrast-enhanced CT scan demonstrates different signs: (i) filling defect or heterogeneous enhancement of cavernous sinus, (ii) cavernous sinus enlargement with bulging of the lateral wall, (iii) intensive enhancement of lateral wall corresponding to enhancement of a collateral network replacing the thrombosed cavernous veins, (iiii) and sometimes indirect orbital signs (exophthalmus, densification of the retro-orbital fat, superior ophthalmic dilatation with partial or no enhancement in case of thrombosis extension). The bacteria most frequently found are Streptococci, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Gram-negative rods and anaerobes combined. The therapeutic management of CST consists of intravenous administration of appropriate antibiotics combined radical mastoidectomy if medical therapy has failed. Anticoagulant therapy is controversial. CONCLUSION: Knowledge of early diagnosis of otogenic cavernous sinus is important because prior to the antibiotic era, CST was almost always fatal. Currently, therapeutic outcome is not always favorable due to high morbidity after aggressive treatment.

Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis↗
PubMed2001

The 'dry-needle technique': intramuscular stimulation in tension-type headache.

The 'dry-needle technique', an intramuscular stimulation technique carried out by using a fine solid, 1-inch long, 30-gauge needle, was investigated in the treatment of tension-type headache (TTH) in a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Fifteen patients with TTH received intramuscular needle insertions into six designated trigger points, while 15 controls received subcutaneous insertions. Headache indices, muscle tenderness and neck ROMs were evaluated before and after treatment. Mean headache indices improved significantly after treatment, both in the treatment group and in the placebo group, but the difference between the two groups was insignificant. In the treatment group the tenderness score and the neck ROM limitation score were significantly improved after treatment, while there was no significant improvement in the placebo group. We conclude that more and larger controlled, comparative trials are needed to show whether the dry-needle technique is an effective non-pharmacological alternative for the treatment of TTH.

Acupuncture Therapy↗
PubMed2000

Carotid-cavernous fistulas: diagnosis with spiral CT angiography.

Four cases in which the diagnosis of carotid-cavernous fistula was made by using CT angiography are illustrated. The diagnosis was confirmed by digital subtraction angiography in all four instances. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the CT angiographic appearance of carotid-cavernous fistulas.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Cluster headache-like attack as an opening symptom of a unilateral infarction of the cervical cord: persistent anaesthesia and dysaesthesia to cold stimuli.

A 54 year old man experienced excruciating left retro-orbital pain with lacrimation and redness of the eye representative of a cluster headache attack. This was followed by left hemiparesis with plegia of the lower limb and left Horner's syndrome. Five days later the hemiparesis recovered while the patient developed hypoanaesthesia to cold stimuli that evoked painful burning dysaesthesia on the right side below the C4 level. MRI disclosed a discrete infarct in the left lateral aspect of the cord at C2 level concomitant to a left vertebral artery thrombosis. This limited infarct and the clinical symptoms suggest a hypoperfusion in the peripheral arterial system of the left hemicord, supplied both by the anterior and posterior spinal arteries. Cluster headache-like attack and persistent dysaesthesia to cold stimuli are discussed respectively in view of the central sympathetic involvement and partial spinothalamic system dysfunction.

Anesthesia↗
PubMed1998

Complications of carotid angioplasty and stenting.

The authors report the complications that occurred in their experience with performing recanalization procedures in the internal carotid artery and present their treatment strategies. The complications can be classified into those that were periprocedural and those that were postprocedural. The former include complications related to the vascular-approach access site of and those associated with the dilation and stenting procedure. Other complications observed included embolic events, dissection, vascular spasm, bradycardia, inappropriate dilation, occlusion of the external carotid artery, and rare, unusual complications such as the occurrence of iatrogenic cavernous carotid fistula. Postprocedure complications occurred in the hours and days following the procedure in the form of embolic and occlusive events, and hypotension and bradycardia were seen as late complications in the months following the procedure. The authors discuss how such complications occur and provide suggestions on how to avoid them. The role of stent placement and the potential use of protective devices are explored. Overall, adequate use of currently available systems allows for safe application of endovascular treatment techniques that avoid altogether or treat these potential complications. A reduced incidence of complications related to the initial individual learning curve may be obtained with preclinical training, in which use of invitro models should be considered. Surgical standby no longer seems required; however, early posttreatment surveillance in intensive care unit is mandatory to avoid the remaining primary complications.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1996

Radiological confirmation of brain death: digitised cerebral parenchymography. Preliminary report.

Rates of organ procurement from brain dead subjects have fallen substantially in recent years. In France, the legal definition of brain death is based on electroencephalographic criteria in patients with clinical evidence of irreversible coma. However, sedative drugs used in intensive care units usually render the electroencephalogram uninterpretable, and in our medicolegal framework, it is necessary that intracerebral circulatory arrest be demonstrated. We discuss the value of the various available techniques and report our experience with digitised intra-arterial cerebral parenchymography. This simple, fast technique does not alter physiological conditions and provides high-quality images, ensuring prompt diagnosis, which is a prerequisite for optimal organ harvesting.

Brain Death↗
PubMed1996

Carotid artery stenosis: treatment with protected balloon angioplasty and stent placement.

PURPOSE: To assess effectiveness of endovascular treatment of carotid artery stenosis by means of angioplasty with cerebral protection and stent placement. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Angioplasty was performed for carotid artery stenosis in 259 patients. Cerebral protection (triple coaxial catheter) was used in 136 cases of atherosclerotic stenosis in the internal carotid artery or in the carotid bifurcation and was not used in 123 cases. A stent was placed in 69 patients when images obtained immediately after angioplasty showed signs of dissection or insufficient arterial opening. RESULTS: No procedure-related complications occurred in the 71 cases of nonatherosclerotic stenosis and in the 14 cases of proximal carotid artery and siphon atherosclerotic stenosis. Among the 38 patients who underwent angioplasty without cerebral protection, dissection occurred in two (5%) and embolic complication occurred in three (8%) during the procedure. Among 136 patients in whom cerebral protection was used, no embolic complications occurred during angioplasty, and two (1%) occurred during or after stent placement without protection. No residual flaps were found after stents were placed, and the restenosis rate decreased from 16% to 4%. CONCLUSION: Endovascular treatment can be considered for all types of carotid artery stenosis. Cerebral protection is mandatory to eliminate embolic complication in cases of atherosclerotic stenosis in the internal carotid artery or carotid bifurcation. Stent placement has eliminated the risk of immediate dissection and reduced the risk of delayed restenosis.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Rotational vertebro-basilar insufficiency secondary to a fibrous band of the longus colli muscle: value of CT spiral angiography diagnosis].

A CASE REPORT: The authors report a case of rotational vertebro-basilar insufficiency causing "drop-attacks". To our knowledge, it is the first case of extraluminal vertebral artery compression caused by a fibrous band of the longus colli muscle, demonstrated by spiral computed tomographic angiography with volume rendering reformation.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Distal muscular dystrophy of the Miyoshi type.

OBJECTIVE: Miyoshi myopathy is an autosomal recessive muscular dystrophy. It is characterized by distal muscle involvement, especially the gastrocnemius and soleus. The disease starts with weakness and atrophy of the calves. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Here we report on 2 patients, brother and sister, from a Turkish family. Onset of the disease was at the age of 20 and 26 years of age, respectively. In both siblings, there was an early and predominant involvement of the distal muscles of the lower limbs. Creatine kinase activity was elevated 50- to 100-fold above normal values. RESULTS: Electromyography revealed a myopathic pattern. Histology of the biceps muscles indicated some myopathic changes consistent with muscular dystrophy. Occurrence in only these 2 siblings with no other family members was indicative of an autosomal recessive inheritance. CONCLUSIONS: We describe the distinctive clinical features in 2 siblings of a Turkish family with MM as differential diagnosis and histological change.

Adult↗