Detection of human papillomavirus in epithelial cells of uterine cervix-frequency of types 16 and 18 HPV. Preliminary results of a clinical cytological and virological study.
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Adult↗
Biomedical subjects
O Croissant
Publications and source records attributed to O Croissant.
[Virological and anatomo-clinical findings in 20 cases of Bowen's disease of the vulva].
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Adult↗
The search for a culture system for papillomavirus.
Papillomaviruses induce tumors of keratinocytes. Vegetative viral DNA replication and virion assembly are seen in those cells which are in the process of keratinizing or are keratinized. To date, no cell culture system has been developed that permits expression of the complete viral life cycle. Keratinocytes infected in culture may harbor the virus as a stable, replicating episome, but they do not support vegetative viral growth, nor do they become immortalized or transformed. The major obstacle in using keratinocyte cultures may be related to a dual need for transformation and full differentiation. Some animal papillomaviruses have been shown to be capable of transforming cultured murine fibroblasts. The fibroblast model is useful for identifying the viral-transforming gene(s) and their products.
Animals↗
Physical state and transcription of the cottontail rabbit papillomavirus genome in warts and transplantable VX2 and VX7 carcinomas of domestic rabbits.
The physical state and the transcription of the genome of cottontail rabbit papillomavirus (CRPV) in non-virus-producing warts and in the VX2 and VX7 transplantable carcinomas of domestic rabbits were compared. The CRPV DNA present in VX2 and VX7 carcinomas (10 to 20 and 100 to 200 genome equivalents per diploid cell, respectively) was found to be entirely integrated into the cellular DNA, most probably as head-to-tail tandem repeats, in contrast to warts, in which viral DNA (10 to 100 copies per diploid cell) was found only as free, mainly monomeric, molecules. In the VX7 tumor, ca. 50% of the viral DNA molecules were found to be longer than one genome length, indicating that viral DNA rearrangements had occurred. A major viral transcript of 1,250 bases was detected in warts and in VX2 and VX7 carcinomas. Complementary sequences were localized within the E region, the putative transforming region inferred from the nucleotide sequence of the CRPV genome (I. Giri, O. Danos, and M. Yaniv, manuscript in preparation). Analysis of heteroduplexes formed between single-stranded CRPV DNA and polyadenylated RNAs from the VX2 tumor showed that the 1,250-base RNA resulted from the splicing of the sequences corresponding to the open reading frame E6 to those corresponding to the 3' third of E2. A second viral transcript, measuring 2,000 bases, was detected in warts and, in lesser amounts than the 1,250-base species, in VX2 carcinoma, and a 2,100-base RNA was found in VX7 carcinoma. Complementary sequences to these messengers were localized to the same part of the genome as the 1,250-base species and to a contiguous fragment situated upstream. Heteroduplex analysis showed that the 2,000-base species from VX2 carcinoma resulted from the splicing of the sequences corresponding to E6 and E7 to those corresponding to the 3' third of E2. The sequences spliced out upon the maturation of the two messengers of VX2 carcinoma correspond to E1, the two-thirds of E2, and most of E4. Additional transcripts were found in VX7 carcinoma, a major 3,100-base species transcribed from the E region, and several minor species, measuring from 2,400 bases, which all hybridize with a subgenomic fragment contained in the L region encoding the viral capsid polypeptides. This could account for the antiviral antibodies found in animals bearing the VX7 carcinoma.
Animals↗
Early differential tissue expression of transposon-like repetitive DNA sequences of the mouse.
Another family of long moderately repetitive and dispersed sequences has been identified in the mouse genome. These sequences have a transposon-like structure. A 6-kilobase RNA transcript is detected in undifferentiated embryonal carcinoma cell lines but not in any of the differentiated cell types tested. By R-loop formation, the RNA is colinear with a DNA fragment from a randomly selected genomic clone.
Animals↗
Oncogenic potential of human papillomaviruses epidermodysplasia verruciformis: a counterpart of Shope papilloma-carcinoma complex.
Epidermodysplasia verruciformis, a model of viral oncogenesis in humans, shows a remarkable similarity to Shope papilloma-carcinoma complex in rabbits. In humans and rabbits, both host, i.e. genetics and immunity, and environmental factors are decisive for neoplastic conversion of benign proliferative lesions. The virus seems to function as an initiation and promotor of carcinomatous transformation. In epidermodysplasia verruciformis, specific virus types are involved in malignant conversion, but a deeply depressed cell mediated immunity is responsible for infection with the potentially oncogenic viruses.
Animals↗
[Condylomatous lesions of the uterine cervix: their course in 2466 patients].
2466 women with cervical condylomatous lesions out of the general consulting (0.7%) have been followed by the authors. The cytological and histological criteria of these lesions and the detection of the viral antigen by immunoperoxidase (positive in only about 50% of the cases), are recalled. The flat condylomas are often associated with dysplasia (CIN I, II, III). The condylomas appear in women before the age of 20. These cases increased in number between the ages of 25 to 30 and stayed high until 35. The number of condylomas associated with CIN II have their maximum between 36 and 38 years of age and decrease afterwards to age 48. The graphic is the same for CIN III. The evolution of these condylomatous lesions studied during 42 months, shows that in 1269 women with condyloma and nuclear atypia, regression occurred in 53 per cent, persistence in 37 per cent and aggravation in 10 per cent of the cases. In 762 women with CIN II, regression appeared in 39 per cent, persistence in 44 per cent and aggravation in 17 per cent of cases. In a group of 764 closely followed women, regression and aggravation in CIN I and II appeared between the 3rd and the 6th months of follow-up. Condyloma associated with CIN III were not observed after the 3rd month. Recurrence appeared however in 55 cases after insufficient ablation. Lastly, the histogenesis of these lesions and the relationship between the viral action and the host are discussed.
Adolescent↗
[Detection and mapping of conserved nucleotidic sequences between the genomes of human papillomavirus 1 a and bovine papillomavirus 1 by electron microscope heteroduplex analysis (author's transl)].
Three regions of partial homology have been detected between the genomes of human papillomavirus 1 a (HPV-1 a) and bovine papillomavirus 1 (BPV-1) by electron microscope analysis of heteroduplex molecules. These regions contain about 25% of non-homologous bases and represent 13% of the genome length. They have been mapped on the viral DNAs. This allowed a reciprocal orientation of the physical maps of the two genomes. Two regions are located in the middle of the transforming fragment of BPV-1 DNA and the third, at at diametrically opposite position, falls into the region of the genome coding most probably for a viral structural protein.
Animals↗
Two anatomoclinical types of warts with plantar localization: specific cytopathogenic effects of papillomavirus. Type I (HPV-1) and type 2 (HPV-2).
In this study, the clinical and histopathological aspects of 50 plantar warts are reported in relation to the type of papillomavirus present in the lesions, as detected by immunofluorescence tests, using specific guinea pig fluorescein-labelled IgG. Warts of plantar localization are not caused by the same human papillomavirus (HPV) since they are found to be associated with both HPV type 1 (HPV-1) and HPV type 2 (HPV-2). HPV-1 is always associated with deep and painful plantar warts (myrmecia), whereas HPV-2 is found to be associated with superficial, painless plantar warts (vulgaris or often mosaic type). Histologically, these two types of plantar warts are quite different. In myrmecia (HPV-1), characterized by an endophytic growth, large eosinophilic, keratohyaline-like granules are observed in the cytoplasm and nucleus of infected, often vacuolated cells. These granules appear early in stratum spinosum and are very numerous in stratum granulosum. In the mosaic type (HPV-2), the histopathological aspect is not different from that of common warts; these lesions have an exophytic growth and are characterized by foci of clear vacuolized cells which are found in stratum granulosum. Their cytoplasm contains round, basophilic keratohyalin granules which often have a heterogenous aspect. These differences are observed in other localizations of morphologically related warts associated with HPV-1 and HPV-2 and seem to be related to a specific cytopathogenic effect of HPV-1 an HPV-2 in human papillomas.
Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral↗
Different papillomaviruses as the causes of oral warts.
We have observed four patients with oral papillomas. Two children had oral mucosal lesions characteristic of focal epithelial hyperplasia, a young man had common, wart-like lesions on his hard palate, and a male immunosuppressed renal allograft recipient had condyloma-like lesions on his gingivae. Papillomavirus-like particles were seen by electron microscopy in lesions from both patients with focal epithelial hyperplasia. No structural antigens for human papillomavirus (HPV) 1, 2, 3, or 5 were found by immunofluorescent microscopy, but further evidence of the presence of a papillomavirus was found by immunoperoxidase microscopy using a cross-reacting sodium lauryl sulfate-disrupted bovine papillomavirus 1 anti-rabbit serum sample. The distinct histologic pattern seen in focal epithelial hyperplasia suggests that a yet undescribed HPV type might be associated with this disease. Histologic, ultrastructural, and immunofluorescent microscopy and restriction endonuclease analysis all gave evidence of HPV 2 in the palatal lesions in patient 3. Evidence of papillomavirus antigen was found by immunoperoxidase microscopy in the oral condylomas from our immunosuppressed patient.
Adult↗
Analysis of human cancers, normal tissues, and verruce plantares for DNA sequences of human papillomavirus types 1 and 2.
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Colon↗
[Biochemical characteristics of a vaccine against hepatitis B].
Hepatitis B Vaccine antigen, purified from HBs positive and HBe negative plasma, is constituted of well defined morphological particles, containing two major polypeptides P22 and P27, and without any trace of viral DNA. These criteria guarantee innocuity and purity of this type of vaccine.
Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel↗
Identification of papillomaviruses in butchers' warts.
We have studied the papillomaviruses found in the hand warts of 60 butchers, most of them from 2 distant slaughterhouses. Warts differing in morphology and location were studied separately. The viruses were identified by molecular hybridization, restriction enzyme analysis and immunofluorescence. Four known human papillomaviruses (HPV-1, HPV-2, HPV-3, HPV-4) were detected and one hitherto unknown papillomavirus was identified in 9 butchers. The DNA of the latter virus did not anneal with any of the RNAs complementary to either HPV-1 to HPV-5 or bovine papillomavirus type 1 (BPV-1) DNAs, and showed a Hind II + III restriction enzyme cleavage pattern distinct from those of known HPVs and BPVs. This virus showed distinct antigenic properties, as shown by immunofluorescence, using HPV-1, -2, -3, -5, and BPV-1 antisera. It may represent a new type of human papillomavirus (HPV-7) or a yet unidentified animal papillomavirus. In addition, 6 butchers were found to be infected with a papillomavirus, distinct from the known skin HPVs and from BPV-1, which could not be characterized by restriction enzyme analysis. Eleven butchers were found to be infected by 2 viruses. A characteristic histological pattern was found to be associated with the different papillomaviruses.
Bovine papillomavirus 1↗
An unusual wart-like skin lesion found in a renal allograft recipient.
Immunosuppressed renal allograft recipients have an increased tendency to acquire warts. While studying such patients, we found a virus-induced, wart-like lesion that had an unusual histologic picture. Light microscopic studies showed bizarre keratinocytes with cytoplasmic, juxtanuclear, giant, crescentic bodies and round, nuclear inclusions, By electron microscopy, the giant cytoplasmic bodies were found to be composed of tonofilaments, and the nuclear inclusions were found to be composed of papillomavirus-like particles in a filamentous matrix. Typical papillomavirus particles were observed in a wart extract by the negative-staining method. Although virus was abundant in infected cells, no structural viral antigens of the human papillomavirus (HPV) types 1, 2, 3, or 5 could be detected by immunofluorescence microscopy, indicating infection by HPV 4 or some other, as yet undescribed, HPV type.
Adult↗
A potentially oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV-5) found in two renal allograft recipients.
We have observed 2 immunosuppressed renal allograft recipients with skin lesions induced by human papillomavirus type 5 (HPV-5). One recipient had multiple pityriasis versicolor-like (PV-like) skin lesions on his arms and trunk, and multiple Bowenoid in-situ skin cancers. The other had 2 warty lesions on the back of her fingers. Structural antigens of human papillomavirus type 5 (HPV-5) were identified in benign lesions from both patients by immunofluorescence. The histologic and ultrastructural features observed in lesions from both patients were similar to those previously seen in HPV-5-induced lesions occurring in patients with the rare disease epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV). The severe form of EV is characterized by HPV-5-induced PV-like lesions, multiple skin cancers, and usually depressed cell-mediated immunity. The picture seen in one of our renal allograft recipients recalls this severe form of EV. HPV-5, until now, has been found only in EV patients. The role of this potentially oncogenic virus in skin cancers which are known to occur with increased frequency in immunosuppressed renal allograft recipients must be determined.
Adult↗
Localization of the binding sites of prokaryotic and eukaryotic RNA polymerases on simian virus 40 DNA.
The binding sites of calf thymus RNA polymerase (B) II, wheat germ RNA polymerase B and of the Escherichia coli RNA polymerase were mapped on the simian virus 40 genome by observation of enzyme-linear DNA complexes by electron microscopy. Three to four major sites and several minor sites are observed for each enzyme; common binding sites for the three enzymes are found in positions 0.17, 0.53 and 0.90 of the viral physical map. Initiation complexes with these enzymes can be stabilized with specific ribodinucleotides and a single ribonucleoside triphosphate. Whereas ApA and ATP greatly enhances the binding of the E. coli enzyme at position 0.17, they stabilize the binding of the eukaryotic enzyme at many sites, some of them located in close proximity of the origin of replication.
Adenosine Monophosphate↗
Epidermodysplasia verruciformis versus disseminated verrucae planae: is epidermodysplasia verruciformis a generalized infection with wart virus?
Recently it has been shown that epidermodysplasia verruciformis is induced by human papilloma/virus different from the papilloma/virus of warts, and that 2 distinct viruses-designated HPV-3 and HP-4--are responsible for it. Ten cases of epidermodysplasia verruciformis were found to have been caused by HPV-3. Clinically and histologically, as well as in the often depressed cell-mediated immunity they closely resembled long-standing verrucae planae, also caused by HPV-3. Contrariwise, in epidermodysplasia verruciformis caused by HPV-4 there are characteristic red, red-brown, and depigmented, pityriasis versicolor-like plaques, and malignant transformation seems almost inevitable. Cases due to HPV-3 may be abortive or even regressive, or stationary, and hard to distinguish from flat warts. No malignant conversion was seen in patients infected only with HPV-3, whereas it occurred in 2 patients infected with both viruses: HPV-3 and HPV-4. Pigmented plaques are the most important adverse prognostic sign in EV induced by HPV-3.
Animals↗
Twenty-one years of follow-up studies of familial epidermodysplasia verruciformis.
21 years of follow-up study of a family with epidermodysplasia verruciformis (e.v.) have shown that members of one family can be infected with different human papillomaviruses (HPVs), either HPV 3 or HPV 4, and sometimes with both. The clinical picture resembled disseminated flat warts in cases induced by HPV 3, whereas in those caused by HPV 4 there were flat red or red-brownish plaques and depigmented pityriasis versicolor-like lesions. Malignancies developed only in family members infected with HPV 4, whereas the cases due to HPV 3 ran a more benign and slowly progressive or stationary course. There were also abortive and regressive cases, and the 3 children in whom the wart-like lesions did not recur after removal had an unimpaired cell-mediated immunity (CMI). In all cases of e.v., irrespective of the inducing virus, CMI was low, which seems to be an important factor in the pathogenesis of the disease. Humoral antibodies directed specifically against HPV 3 were present in the majority of the cases, mainly those infected with HPV 3.
Adolescent↗