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Biomedical subjects

O D Chrisman

Publications and source records attributed to O D Chrisman.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1988

Hyperostosis frontalis interna: a Nubian case.

The aim of this article is to present evidence of hyperostosis frontalis interna in a 40-year-old female recovered from a Meroitic cemetery (ca. 300 A.D.) in Sudanese Nubia. A review of the literature concerning the Morgagni-Stewart-Morel (MSM) syndrome suggests that the changes in the skull fragment are consistent with this diagnosis. This case is the earliest example of the condition so far reported, and therefore, in archaeological time and space, this is a disease not only of modern civilization, but also of antiquity. Current endocrinological reports suggest that the hyperostosis is the hallmark of a generalized disorder of bone metabolism, with increased androgens, prolactin, and somatotropins. Hyperostosis frontalis interna is the central feature of a syndrome first described over 200 years ago by the early pathologist Giovanni Batistta Morgagni, professor of anatomy at Padua (1719). He found thickening of the internal tables of the frontal bones in association with virilism and obesity. Stewart (1928) and Morel (1929) independently added several neuropsychiatric problems to this complex and questioned the possibility of an endocrine basis for the syndrome.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

The role of articular cartilage in patellofemoral pain.

This article describes a conservative program of treatment for patellofemoral pain of chondromalacic origin. It has become obvious that patellofemoral pain syndromes are derived from cartilage degradation and from soft-tissue changes, including tendinitis and neuromatous degeneration.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Long-term results of the Chrisman-Snook operation for reconstruction of the lateral ligaments of the ankle.

The Chrisman-Snook procedure for instability of the lateral ankle ligaments, first described in 1969, reconstructs the anterior talofibular ligament and the calcaneofibular ligament using one-half of the peroneus brevis tendon, routed through tunnels in the fibula and calcaneus. In the present long-term evaluation of the results of this procedure, forty-eight of sixty ankles, in fifty-seven patients, were assessed after a mean follow-up of ten years (range, four to twenty-four years). The results were excellent in thirty-eight ankles, good in seven, fair in two, and poor in one. The two ankles with a fair result were improved but still had some persistent instability, while the ankle with a poor result (no improvement) was in a patient with generalized ligament laxity. All three patients with a fair or poor result had had a severe reinjury to the ankle. Based on the findings in this study, we concluded that this procedure will restore good long-term function in a high percentage of patients who are disabled by ankle instability due to unhealed or neglected tears of the lateral ligaments.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

In vitro hexosamine depletion of intact articular cartilage by E-prostaglandins: prevention by chloroquine.

Short-term incubations of intact canine articular cartilage slices with prostaglandins E1 and E2 caused significant losses of hexosamine from cartilage matrix compared to controls. Chloroquine, an inhibitor of DNA primer, prevented this prostaglandin-induced hexosamine depletion. These data suggest that E-prostaglandins may degrade articular cartilage directly through DNA-dependent RNA synthesis of cathepsin-like proteases. Catabolism of articular cartilage probably involves degradation of existing matrix in addition to inhibition of synthesis.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

A long-term prospective study of the Hauser and Roux-Goldthwait procedures for recurrent patellar dislocation.

In a prospective study extending from 1966 to 1974, the results of the Hauser procedure were compared with the Roux-Goldthwait procedure for the correction of recurrent dislocations of the patella. In 87 knees in 75 patients, repaired consecutively and in a random manner with one procedure or the other, 100% retrieval was achieved. The average follow-up period was 7.7 years. Significant complications, though not necessarily of long term, occurred in 24 of 47 knees receiving Hauser repairs as compared with 6 of 40 knees in the Roux-Goldthwait group. Satisfactory long-term results were obtained in 72% with the Hauser technique and 93% with the Roux-Goldthwait technique.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Experimental arthritis in rabbit knees: a study of relief of pressure on one tibial plateau in immature and mature rabbits.

The Hall model of experimental arthritis of the knee (excision of the lateral femoral condyle) offers a unique way of investigating the earliest changes of degenerative arthritis. Predictable degeneration of the lateral tibial plateau occurs when there is lack of contact with an opposing surface. Previous work by Hall and Thompson has not concentrated upon the early changes in proven mature animals of optimum age for a study of simulated osteoarthritis. In this work using mature rabbits, two important findings are documented. The earliest observed change in the joint, beginning at 7 days is loss of matrix protein-polysaccharides from the lateral plateau, with no evidence of change in the subchondral bone until much later; in this respect mature differ from immature animals. Furthermore, there is strong evidence for late (three to 6 months) protein-polysaccharide synthesis in the previously degeneraing articular cartilage in which the residual cells reconstitute an effective matrix.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1976

Prevention of venous thromboembolism by administration of hydroxychloroquine. A preliminary report.

A placebo or the antimalarial agent hydroxychloroquine (Plaquenil), which inhibits platelet adhesiveness, and, to a lesser extent, platelet aggregation, was given to 100 patients between forty and ninety-five years old (average age, seventy-four years) who had either fractures or orthopaedic operations involving the skeleton between the knee and the pelvis. Medication was started at the time of admission in a blind, randomized way, fifty patients receiving hydroxychloroquine (200 milligrams three times a day) and fifty, a placebo. No untoward bleeding complications were noted in the treated group. Eight instances of thromboembolism were encountered in the control group as compared with one in the hydroxychloroquine-treated group, a statistically significant difference at the 1.5 per cent level.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

The effect of salicylate and chloroquine on prostaglandin-induced articular damage in the rabbit knee.

Prostaglandins are found in increased concentrations in various arthritic joint fluids, and the E and F series have been shown to produce inflammation. Vane suggests that the effectiveness of aspirin is mediated by inhibition of synthesis or release of prostaglandins. In our studies PGE-1 intra-articularly produced the greatest amount of synovial and cartilage damage of the several PGs tested. Five knee intra-articular injections of 500 ng PGE-1 were given to 12 mature white New Zealand rabbits at 4 day intervals, with control solutions on the opposite sides. Four with intramuscular chloroquine at clinical levels and 4 controls. At 20 days histologic examination with H & E and safranin-O showed increased synovitis and abnormal cartilage in the controls and salicylate groups, normal cartilage in the chloroquine group. Whereas chloroquine's ability to stabilize cell membranes is protective in this experiment, salicylate's ability to prevent biosynthesis of prostaglandins is bypassed and therefore is not protective. Vane's hypothesis is supported by this study of PG induced experimental arthritis.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

The effect of growth hormone on established cartilage lesions. A presidential address to the Association of Bone and Joint Surgeons, 1974.

The major problem in osteoarthritis research today is our inability to promote effective cartilage regeneration in the presence of adult chondromalacia. Yet such regeneration is consistently present in acromegalics. The present study of experimentally damaged rabbit knee cartilage measures numbers of cells, mitoses, tritiated thymidine incorporation, DNA content, collagen presence under polarized light and sulfated protein polysaccharides histologically. Under growth hormone stimulation cell counts nearly double as compared to controls, TTI increases, DNA content triples or more. Matrix healing is evident histologically. The addition of salicylate has a mild additive effect on cell counts and on retention of matrix. The above data appear to be the first reported demonstration of these effects of growth hormone on experimentally damaged cartilage and may gain importance for clinical use when human growth hormone or substitutes for it become available.

Animals↗