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O Dörr Zegers

Publications and source records attributed to O Dörr Zegers.

12 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1993

[The ethical challenge in psychiatry].

UNLABELLED: The historical reasons for the importance of ethical issues in medicine are revisited. An analysis of doctor-patient relationships in psychiatry allow us to conclude that the demand of an ethical reflection in this specialty is even more imperative. Specific ethical considerations are made about some customary activities of psychiatrists such as diagnosing, pharmacological prescription and psychotherapy. 1.- DIAGNOSIS: the facts that psychiatric diagnoses are based in conventions, are undemonstratable and that the patient's familial and work life depend on them, forces a careful management. 2.-Pharmacotherapy: due to the high proportion of secondary effects of pharmacological agents used in psychiatry -some of them irreversible- and the sort of human spirit manipulation that their use implicates, their indication must be painstaking. 3.- Psychotherapy: its legitimacy is the fundamental question, since the influence that a psychotherapist may get to have over his patients could be enormous. Aiming to find the real place of "healing by the word" in medicine, some Platonic texts are surveyed.

Ethics, Medical↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Differential phenomenology of the paranoid psychoses in epilepsy].

First, the author makes reference to the psycho pathological and nosological questions associated with paranoid and schizophrenia-like psychoses in epilepsy and in particular to the non resolved problem of a distinction between these epileptic syndromes and the ones of schizophrenia. Starting from a phenomenological analysis of basic existential structures such as encounter or interpersonality, temporality and spatiality in a typical case of paranoid psychosis in epilepsy, the author tries to establish formal criteria which allow to distinguish these psychoses from schizophrenia. Thus it could be demonstrated that the structure of the encounter in the psychotic epileptic is quite conserved, both in what refers to the real and the delusional partner. His spatiality is characterized by the phenomenon of narrowness and his temporality by harassment, being necessary to underline the fact that, unlike what happens in schizophrenia, in the paranoid psychoses of epilepsy the space maintains its unity and the time its continuity. We could summarize the substantive difference between both types of paranoid psychoses with the following words: in paranoid syndromes in epilepsy what occurs is a change of state "within the world", while in schizophrenia it is a rather a modification of the "being-in-the world" itself or, with other words, it deals with a going out from the world constituted as community.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The practice of intensive care medicine as a stress situation].

A study about the problem of stress in physician who work in intensive care units requires a previous reflection about the stress concept itself. Selye's conception undoubtedly signified a great progress for the comprehension of the processes of biological adaptation, but it seems it can not be easily applied to the psychological and social field. The decrease of psychosomatic diseases during the last world war is one of the many examples that make question the causal relationship between stress and disease. The concept of life event in anglo-saxon psychiatry is also discussed, as well as its attempt to measure the stressor character of these circumstances through a scale of points. The concept of "pathogenic situation" of German psychiatry is proposed in exchange. From this perspective, medicine in general and intensive medicine in particular can be seen as human activities constituting "pathogenic situations" for the ones who exercise them. The corresponding literature allows to establish that medicine generates more pathology in physicians than other professions, but intensive medicine does not seem to be more pathogenic than other specialties. The elements of the "medical act" which could be responsible for the stress or pathogenic situation are studied. Respecting intensive medicine, two are the characteristics which seem to contribute to make it "pathogenic" for those who exercise it: a mistaken vision of death as an "enemy" which has to be fought à outrance, and the "temporality of urgency", proper to an ICU, which makes that the doctor can not give himself time enough for listening to the patient and telling him the adequate word of consolation.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Toward a dialectic concept in psychiatry].

It is intended to define dialectics, and then to follow its evolution from its origin in the pre-Socratic philosophy up to its culmination in Hegel. It is then postulated its importance for the better understanding of the vital history, of the endogenous or functional psychoses and of the classical types of personality in its relation with the fundamental psychopathological structures. With respect to the first one, dialectic thinking would allow to understand vital history as the unfolding in time of a consciousness that is being splinted in contradictions of increasing tension up to its resolution in a failure (disease) or in a synthesis that implies a step forward in the maturation, plenitude or wisdom. With respect to the second one, the great psychoses could be seen as dialectic polarities, both within themselves (mania versus depression, type I versus type II of Crow), and of a group with respect of the other (affective diseases versus schizophrenic diseases). What is schizophrenic and what is depressive appear as polar ones both in the previous personality and in the outbreaking situations, both in the symptomatology as in the evolution. In the third place, dialectics would also allow to conceive the most classic types of personality as ordered in polarities (schizoid-depressive, hysterical-obsessive), in which the poles simultaneously attract and repel themselves, so that each one can be seen as a positivity with respect to the other one. The deviation towards a pole of the alternative does not need to be seen as a lack, but as a dynamic displacement of the existence against the other pole of the alternative. Finally, the author proposes a scheme on the interrelation between the mentioned four structures and the more frequent psychiatric syndromes.

Conflict, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Language and ethics].

The author proposes the hypothesis that there exists an essential link between language and ethics, beyond the obvious fact that the postulates of ethics have to be expressed in a verbal way. He chooses two ways for demonstrating his hypothesis: a phenomenological description of the substantive element of language, which is the word, and then an analysis of both the philo- and the ontogenetic origin of ethical experience. Making evident the essential characteristics of language, among which it is appropriate to outline its capacity to give existence to things (as it is deduced from the analysis of some poetic texts), the author gets to unveil its deep ethic sense in the religious word: gods show themselves through the revealed word, and men address to them with their prayers. Gods give norms that imitate afterwards. The second way allows the author to demonstrate that the step from nature to culture is done through the norm, and this is basically verbal; but at the same time it is possible to demonstrate how the word is found in the base of the individual ethical experience, in that very particular phenomenon that is the voice of the conscience. In short, language is in its essence ethical, and the ethical experience is indissolubly bound to the verb.

Ethics↗