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Biomedical subjects

O Dahl

Publications and source records attributed to O Dahl.

12 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Half-body irradiation. An effective palliative treatment of widespread skeletal metastases].

In a large number of cancer patients, extensive skeletal metastases or myelomatosis induce vast suffering, such as intolerable pain and local complications of neoplastic bone destruction. Analgetic drugs frequently do not yield sufficient palliation. Irradiation of local fields often has to be repeated, because of tumour growth outside previously irradiated volumes. Wide field irradiation of the lower or upper half of the body causes significant relief of pain in most patients. Adequate pretreatment handling of patients, method of irradiation, and follow-up are of marked importance to reduce side effects, and are described as they are carried out at the Department of Oncology, Haukeland Hospital.

Bone Neoplasms↗
PubMed1979

Phosphonic and arsonic acids as inhibitors of human red cell acid phosphatase and their use in affinity chromatography.

1. In order to obtain an effective ligand for affinity chromatography of the low molecular weight acid phosphatase (orthophosphoric-monoester phosphohydrolase (acid optimum), EC 3.1.3.2) from human red cells nine phosphonic and two arsonic acid substrate analogues were investigated as potential inhibitors. The two forms of acid phosphatase type B (b1 and b2) were isolated and partially purified using conventional methods and the inhibitory action of the substrate analogs investigated. 2. Four of the phosphonic acids were relatively effective competitive inhibitors. It appears that certain structural and electronic requirements have to be fulfilled by the phosphonic acids in order to exhibit significant affinity for the enzyme. A high affinity appears to require the presence of a bulky, hydrophobic moiety which has to be separated from the phosphorus atom by the distance of one atom. 3. p-Aminobenzylphosphonic acid exerted the highest affinity for acid phosphatase with a pH optimum at 6.5. Ki values of 4 . 10(-4) and 6 . 10(-4) M were found for the b1 and b2 forms, respectively. 4. Coupling of p-aminobenzylphosphonic acid to Agarose yielded an effective and specific affinity medium. By means of affinity chromatography using this medium, acid phosphatase was purified 500-fold in a single step.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1979

A comparison of the in vitro activity of a new cephalosporin, cefuroxime, and cephalothin against 810 clinical isolates.

810 strains of eight species: Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella sp, Enterobacter sp, Proteus mirabilis and Proteus vulgaris, were tested by the disc diffusion method against cephalothin and cefuroxime. The activity of the two drugs was comparable to S aureus and S epidermidis, and a little in favour of cefuroxime regarding S faecalis. Cefuroxime turned out to be superior to cephalothin against the gram negative rods investigated. This pattern was most pronounced when Enterobacter was investigated.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1979

Sensitivity patterns of bacteria and antibiotic usage at the National Hospital of Norway in 1976 and 1978.

During the first three months of 1976 and 1978 the sensitivity patterns of bacteria and the antibiotic usage at the National Hospital of Norway was recorded. The computerized results showed that bacteria isolated at the department of pediatrics was more resistant to penicillins. Isolates from two other departments did not differ very much in their sensitivity patterns. Comparing the sensitivity patterns, a tendency of increased sensitivity to antibiotics from 1976 to 1978 was seen. Exception was the increasing resistance to gentamicin. Furthermore, tobramycin was found less effective than gentamicin on our isolates. The antibiotics most widely used at the hospital are the penicillins which account for more than 50 per cent of the usage. From 1976 to 1978 the usage of antibiotics increased about 30 per cent. A more extensive use of penicillin V and G, and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim was responsible for most of the increase. No clear cut relationship between the antibiotic usage and the changes in sensitivity patterns of the bacteria from 1976 to 1978 was seen. Our work confirms, the usefulness of using "daily defined doses", as recommended by WHO, for estimating the antibiotic usage in a hospital.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1978

Association of Kaposi's sarcoma and prior immunosuppressive therapy: a 5-year material of Kaposi's sarcoma in Norway.

A retrospective study of 53 cases with a histological diagnosis of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) reported to The Cancer Registry of Norway during a five year period is presented. Four cases were excluded from the material because further information contradicted the diagnosis of KS. Of the remaining 49 cases, information of treatment received before the development of KS was obtained in 41 (83.7%). Six (14.6%) of the 41 patients developed KS during systemic treatment with corticosteroids, two of the 6 cases also used azathioprine. None of the patients had undergone renal transplantation. One additional patient had received radiotherapy for a malignant lymphoma prior to the development of KS. In a control group of 242 consecutive patients hospitalized because of basal cell carcinoma of the skin, none had used systemic corticosteroid or cytotoxic drugs. Case reports of the 7 patients with KS developing after immunopressive therapy are presented.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1978

A syndrome of factor VII deficiency and abnormal platelet release reaction.

A 15-year-old girl with severe factor VII deficiency and chronic arthropathy showed an excessively prolonged bleeding time. Further studies demonstrated low platelet adhesiveness and abnormal platelet aggregation with ADP, collagen and epinephrine. Release of 14C-serotonin was deficient after aggregation with ADP and epinephrine, but was normal with thrombin. Transfusion of plasma or prothrombin complex concentrate resulted in a partial or complete correction of the bleeding time, respectively, but had no effect on in vitro platelet function tests. Both parents and the only sister had factor VII activities of 42%-72% and factor VII antigen levels of 45%-66% of normal and may thus be heterozygotes with respect to factor VII deficiency. All three had normal bleeding times in spite of abnormal in vitro platelet functions. The observations are interpreted to mean that in this family with factor VII deficiency and abnormal platelet release reaction the platelet abnormality as such was not sufficiently severe to prolong the bleeding time unless the factor VII activity was also very low.

Adenosine Diphosphate↗