Biomedical subjects

O Erel

Publications and source records attributed to O Erel.

14 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1998

Alterations of serum selenium, zinc, copper, and iron concentrations and some related antioxidant enzyme activities in patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis.

The aim of this study was to measure the alterations in serum selenium (Se), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and iron (Fe) concentrations and their carrier proteins, ceruloplasmin (Cp), transferrin (Tf) albumin, and related antioxidant enzyme activities, erythrocyte Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase (Cu-Zn SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and catalase (CAT) activities in patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL). Erythrocyte Cu-Zn SOD activities, serum Cu concentrations, and Cp levels were found to be significantly higher in the patients group than those of controls. However, GSH-Px and CAT activities and Se, Zn, Fe, and Tf levels were lower in patients than in the control subjects. There were positive important correlation's between Cu-Zn SOD and Cp, Cu-Zn SOD and Cu, Cp and Cu, GSH-Px and Se, and Fe and CAT in the patients group. Our results showed that serum essential trace elements Se, Zn, Cu, and Fe concentrations and their related enzymes Cu-Zn SOD, GSH-Px, and CAT activities change in CL patients. The changes may be a part of defense strategies of organism and are induced by the hormonelike substances.

Adult↗

PubMed1998

Observed sibling interaction: links with the marital and the mother-child relationship.

The study examines whether the link between the marital relationship and sibling interaction is direct or mediated by the mother-child relationship. Seventy-three same-sex siblings pairs aged 3 years 6 months to 8 years 6 months were observed during free play. Mothers completed questionnaires assessing marital functioning and their relationship with their 2 children. Results indicated that older siblings' negative behavior is linked with negative dimensions of the marital and the mother-child relationship, whereas younger siblings' negative behavior is linked with the mother-child and the differential mother-child relationship. Siblings; positive behavior, although linked with spacing, is not linked with positive dimensions of family interaction. Most important, the linkage between negative marital relations and older siblings; negative behavior was found to be mediated by maternal power assertion, thereby supporting the indirect model of negative family interaction.

Adult↗

PubMed1998

Meta-analyses comparing theory of mind abilities of individuals with autism, individuals with mental retardation, and normally developing individuals.

A deficit in theory of mind (ToM) abilities has been described as the core deficit in autism. The authors performed 3 meta-analyses, comparing ToM abilities of individuals with autism, individuals with mental retardation (MR), and normally developing individuals. Results indicated that individuals with autism and MR have impaired ToM abilities. The etiology associated with MR (i.e., Down syndrome, undifferentiated etiology) was found to be an important moderator variable. Chronological age (CA) and verbal mental age (VMA) of the normally developing children and CA, VMA, and performance mental age of individuals with MR, and type of matching between the groups were also found to be moderator variables. Discussion focuses on the implication of the findings and emphasizes the need to consider the specific etiology of comparison groups when studying abilities and impairments of individuals with autism and MR.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1998

Role of lipids, lipoproteins and lipid peroxidation in thrombocytopenia in patients with vivax malaria.

Possible roles of oxidative and metabolic changes of lipids in the development of thrombocytopenia in patients with vivax malaria were investigated. Serum total cholesterol, HDL and LDL cholesterols, triglycerides, lipid peroxidation level and platelet counts were determined in 60 patients with vivax malaria and compared with 50 healthy individuals. Inter-relationships of parameters were investigated. In patients, serum total cholesterol, HDL and LDL cholesterol concentrations and platelet counts were lower, and serum triglycerides and plasma lipid peroxidation concentrations were higher than those of control subjects. Significant relationships were found among serum lipid parameters, plasma lipid peroxidation and thrombocyte counts. Decrease in total cholesterol, HDL and LDL cholesterols and platelet counts may be related or secondary to oxidative stress. In the treatment of thrombocytopenia required in the some cases of malaria, the supplementation of antioxidative vitamins may be considered.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1998

Effects of antimonial therapy on serum zinc, copper and iron concentrations in patients with cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Turkey.

The effects of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) infections on total content of the essential trace elements and alterations of these elements content during antimonial therapy, serum iron (Fe), copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn), were determined in 40 patients with CL. 32 healthy subjects were selected as control group. Pentavalent antimonial compounds (Glucantime) were given intramuscularly (20 mg/kg/day) for three weeks in patients group. Serum Cu and Zn levels were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry and Fe levels were determined by colorimetrically. Before antimonial therapy; Cu levels were found significantly higher. However, Zn and Fe levels were found significantly lower in the patients group than those of controls. Cu levels were found tended to decrease, while Zn and Fe levels tended to increase during antimonial therapy. There was a negative correlation between serum Cu and Zn levels in CL patients (r = -0.322, p < 0.05). The findings showed that CL affects the essential trace element content and these changes began to disappear during antimonial therapy.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1998

Automated measurement of serum ferroxidase activity.

A method is described for automated measurement of serum ceruloplasmin ferroxidase activity. In this method, Fe2+ ions are used as the substrate. In addition, a new calibration system without ceruloplasmin is also presented. Optimum assay reaction conditions were determined. Maximal catalytic activity was obtained at 0.45 mol/L acetate buffer, pH 5.8. The reagents and calibrator are stable for at least 6 months. Significant correlations between serum ferroxidase and p-phenylenediamine oxidase activities (r = 0.96; P <0.0001) and copper concentration (r = 0.93; P <0.0001) were found. The range for serum ceruloplasmin ferroxidase activity in healthy persons was 198-1107 U/L, and in patients with bronchial asthma it was 601-1912 U/L.

Asthma↗

PubMed1997

Oxidative stress and antioxidative status of plasma and erythrocytes in patients with vivax malaria.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the oxidative stress and antioxidative status of plasma and erythrocytes in patients with vivax malaria and healthy persons. DESIGN AND METHODS: Activities of antioxidative enzymes, rates of pathways of hexose monophosphate shunt and purine salvage, levels of lipid peroxidation, reduced glutathione, methemoglobin and sulfhemoglobin of erythrocytes were determined. Lipid peroxidation and levels of antioxidant substances were measured. RESULTS: Antioxidants levels and antioxidative enzymes activities were lower and lipid peroxidation, purine salvage rate were higher in patients group than controls. Erythrocyte glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) activity was not different from that of healthy subjects. CONCLUSIONS: Oxidative mechanisms were observed to be dominant compared with antioxidative mechanisms in patients with vivax malaria. Therefore, oxidative stress may be produced and maintained by the host defense mechanisms against malarial infection.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1995

A sensitive staining method for NORs.

A sensitive staining method for nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) is described, using blue toning of AgNORs. NORs are loops of DNA which are transcribed into ribosomal RNA. NORs can be demonstrated by staining with silver nitrate, since NOR-associated proteins are argyrophilic, producing structures termed AgNORs. Normal blood lymphocytes were stained with both methods. The number and resolution of NORs increased 2-3 times by blue toning (30 mmol/l FeCl3, 11 mmol/l potassium hexacyanoferrate(III), and 33 mmol/l oxalic acid) compared with silver staining. A significant difference in the number of NORs was noticed between silver-stained and blue-toned cells (P < 0.001). The blue toning technique thus appears to be more sensitive in detecting NORs than the AgNOR method and may prove a useful alternative for applications in histopathology.

Chlorides↗

PubMed1995

Interrelatedness of marital relations and parent-child relations: a meta-analytic review.

It is widely assumed that a linkage, crucial to the understanding of child behavior, exists between marital and parent-child relationship quality. A meta-analysis of 68 studies was conducted to determine whether this linkage exists and, if so, whether the linkage is positive (as suggested by the spill-over hypothesis) or negative (as suggested by the compensatory hypothesis). Results supported the spillover hypothesis; a positive and nonhomogeneous effect size of moderate magnitude was found (d = 0.46). This suggests that research in this area can move beyond the question of whether a positive or negative association exists to identifying moderators of the association. Examination of the impact of 13 potential moderators did not support the existence of any of these variables that could be adequately examined. This suggests that the link between marital and parent-child relations functions as a more stable force than previously thought.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

Reliability and diagnostic efficacy of parents' reports regarding children's exposure to marital aggression.

Mothers, fathers, and 8- to 11-year-old children from 181 two-parent families independently reported on the occurrence of husband-to-wife physical aggression and wife-to-husband physical aggression; parents additionally indicated whether the child had been witness to the aggression. First this study examined interspousal agreement regarding whether parents have been physically aggressive toward one another and whether the child has witnessed interparental physical aggression. There was moderate agreement between parents as to the occurrence of physical aggression and only fair agreement as to whether the child saw or heard the aggression. Second, this study explored the diagnosticity of a joint parent report as an indicator of child exposure to marital aggression. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves are presented separately for husbands' and wives' aggression, indicating the explicit trade-off between true positives (sensitivity) and false positives (one minus specificity) in using the joint parent report as a diagnostic indicator. Standard ROC analysis suggests that the joint parent report is equally diagnostic in predicting children's reports of exposure to husbands' and wives' aggression. Finally, decisions regarding how to use parent reports as an indicator of children's exposure to marital aggression are discussed as depending on the base rate of child reports of exposure and the objective sought in classifying children and/or families.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Ventricular enlargement and premorbid deficits in school-occupational attainment in a high risk sample.

Using a subsample of subjects from the Copenhagen schizophrenia high-risk project, this study examined the relationship between ventricular enlargement and prospectively assessed deficits in premorbid school/occupational adjustment. Subjects with enlarged ventricles evidenced poorer premorbid school-occupational adjustment across three times of measurement spanning a period of 10 years. This effect was independent of the age and sex of the subjects and remained significant after controlling for psychiatric diagnosis. The results provide prospective evidence for an association between ventricular enlargement and poor premorbid history.

Achievement↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Adenosine deaminase activities in sera, lymphocytes and granulocytes in patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis.

Adenosine deaminase (ADA) activities in sera, lymphocytes and granulocytes in patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis were investigated and compared with control groups. Fifty patients and 50 healthy individuals were studied. The clinical diagnosis was parasitologically confirmed by culture and Giemsa stain. ADA activities were measured by colorimetric method. Serum ADA activities 37.80 +/- 11.90, 18.28 +/- 6.08 IU/L (p < 0.0001), lymphocyte specific ADA activities 14.90 +/- 7.42, 8.38 +/- 7.42 U/mg protein (p = 0.04), granulocyte specific ADA activities 1.15 +/- 0.73, 1.09 +/- 0.67 U/mg protein (p > 0.05) were found in patients and control groups, respectively. ADA activity increases in some infectious diseases were cell mediated immune mechanisms are dominant. In cutaneous leishmaniasis, lymphokine-mediated macrophage activity is the main effector mechanism. Increase in serum and lymphocyte ADA activities in patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis may be dependent on and reflects the increase in phagocytic activity of macrophages and maturation of T-lymphocytes.

Adenosine Deaminase↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Reactive nitrogen and oxygen intermediates in patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis.

The metabolisms of reactive nitrogen and oxygen intermediates (RNI and ROI) in patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) were investigated and compared with those of healthy subjects. To determine RNI metabolism, nitrite plus nitrate concentrations were measured spectrophotometrically. Nitrite concentration in plasma was determined directly by the Griess method. Nitrate levels in plasma were measured after reduction into nitrite by using copper-cadmium-zinc. ROI metabolism was evaluated by measuring erythrocyte superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities. Plasma nitrite plus nitrate levels and erythrocyte superoxide dismutase activity were higher in the patient group than healthy subjects (p<0.01). In contrast, erythrocyte catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities were lower (p<0.05, p<0.01, respectively). ROI metabolism was altered in relation to hydrogen peroxide elevation in patients with CL. These alterations in ROI enable nitric oxide (NO) to amplify its leishmanicidal effect. The determination of ROI and RNI in patients with CL may be a useful tool to evaluate effector mechanisms of NO and clinical manifestations.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Adenosine deaminase and guanosine deaminase activities in sera of patients with viral hepatitis.

In order to investigate purin and primidin metabolism pathways in hepatitis, adenosine deaminase (ADA) and guanosine deaminase (GDA) activities in sera of patients with different types and manifestations of viral hepatitis disease (A, B, C, D, E, chronic, acute) were investigated and compared with the control group of healthy individuals. Hepatitis cases were classified with respect to their serological findings and clinics. When compared all the hepatitis cases with the controls, levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase enzymes, as well as ADA and GDA, were significantly higher than the control group (p<0.01). Levels of ADA and GDA in hepatitis cases were determined as 26.07 11.98 IU/l and 2.37 1.91 IU/l, respectively. When compared their ADA and GDA levels amongst the classified hepatitis groups, there was no difference in ADA levels amongst cases (p>0.05). However, GDA levels in hepatitis A group were closed to the controls. Increase in serum ADA activities in hepatitis forms may be dependent on and reflect the increase in phagocytic activity of macrophages and maturation of T-lymphocytes, and may be valuable in monitoring in viral hepatitis cases.

Acute Disease↗