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Biomedical subjects

O F Gabriele

Publications and source records attributed to O F Gabriele.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1987

"High spinal" dysrhaphism. Case report of a complex cervical meningocele.

"High spinal" (cervical and upper thoracic) dysrhaphism usually involves either a meningocele or a dermal sinus tract. These high spinal lesions can have a complex intradural anatomy at the level of the lesion (as this case reports) and are associated with an increased incidence of lower spinal occult dysrhaphic anomalies. It is therefore recommended that patients with "high spinal" dysrhaphism undergo radiological evaluation of the entire spine to identify those patients with intradural anomalies, define the anatomy for surgery, and investigate the lower spine for associated occult anomalies.

Cervical Vertebrae↗
PubMed1987

Middle ear prosthesis: significance in magnetic resonance imaging.

The Armstrong model of the Schuknecht gel foam and wire prosthesis was tested in the magnetic field of a 1.5 Tesla magnet. The wire component of the prosthesis was found to be non-magnetic. Patients with this prosthesis can therefore undergo MRI examination safely. Two previous articles from the non radiologic literature concerning the magnetic properties of metallic middle ear prostheses are reviewed.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Intra-articular calcified bodies: detection by computed arthrotomography.

We used computed tomography (CT) in six cases to detect and localize intra-articular calcified bodies after double-contrast arthrography and pneumoarthrography . The cases consisted of one wrist, three ankles, and two knees. In one knee, one wrist, and two ankles, CT scanning after double-contrast arthrogram or air arthrogram accurately diagnosed and localized the intra-articular nature of the calcified bodies. In one knee and one ankle, the use of this technique accurately ruled out false-positive loose bodies suspected on the double-contrast arthrograms. Computed tomography after air arthrography or double-contrast arthrography is a simple and accurate technique to detect, localize, or exclude calcified bodies in the joints, and it is a useful adjunct when conventional tomography is inconclusive.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Afferent loop syndrome: diagnostic features with new imaging methods.

A patient had afferent loop obstruction with primary carcinoma of the gastric remnant and nonjaundiced biliary obstruction. We have presented the diagnostic features of ultrasonography, computed tomography, radionuclide studies, and fine-needle aspiration with injection of contrast material.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1984

The prone position for CT of the lumbar spine.

In scanning the L5-S1 disk space, the known technical difficulty is limitation of the gantry angle. A prone scanning technique used to examine the lumbar spine may help to overcome or lessen this problem. A prospective CT scanning of the L5-S1 level was performed in both the prone and supine positions on 25 patients who had low back pain and who had not undergone previous laminectomy or fusion. The angle between the S1 vertebral end plate and maximum tilted gantry line (15 degrees on the G.E. 8800) was measured in the supine position and compared with the same angle in the prone position. In 20 of 25 cases (80%), significant improvement in alignment was noted in the prone position. The prone scanning technique is also more desirable if CT is performed with metrizamide. Finally, printed images from the prone technique allow easier image-patient orientation for viewing in the operating room.

Back Pain↗
PubMed1983

A preliminary report of percutaneous cholecystostomy under ultrasonography and fluoroscopy guidance.

We carried out percutaneous cholecystostomy and cholangiography without incident under guidance of ultrasonography and fluoroscopy in three patients with obstructive jaundice, cholangitis, and acute cholecystitis. The technique appears to be safe and can be performed at the patient's bedside, which gives it an advantage over surgical drainage. Moreover, the percutaneous route can be used for biliary drainage when the transhepatic approach is not possible.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Comparison of radionuclide imaging and ultrasonography of the liver.

Radionuclide liver scans and gray scale ultrasonography of the liver were compared in 456 patients with various abnormalities including normal variants, jaundice, abscesses, and metastatic diseases. In general the better resolution of sonography detected smaller and deeper focal lesions than nuclide scans, but nuclide studies were more informative in hepatocellular disorders. Nuclide studies frequently demonstrated lesions that could be further delineated by sonography as either cystic or solid. This ability was of particular significance in isolated liver lesions found during metastatic surveys.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1983

Cholecystosonography in detection of acute cholecystitis: the halo sign--a significant sonographic finding.

To evaluate the efficacy of ultrasonography in detecting acute cholecystitis, we retrospectively reviewed the ultrasonic findings after cholecystectomy in 34 patients with acute cholecystitis and 90 patients with chronic cholecystitis. The sonographic findings evaluated included the length and width of the gallbladder, thickening of the gallbladder wall, good identification of the wall, and the presence or absence of sludge or stone. A "halo" sign (an echo-free space around the gallbladder wall) was seen in 26% of the patients with acute cholecystitis.

Abscess↗
PubMed1983

Comparison of various methods of diagnosis of renal cystic masses.

Two hundred fifty patients with renal cystic masses were evaluated by several diagnostic modalities, including sonography, angiography, cystography, and cytology. This presentation demonstrates the relative advantages of these methods as well as their relative level of confidence and diagnostic accuracy. When the lesion fulfilled all of the sonographic criteria for a cyst, no further diagnostic evaluation was warranted. If sonographic criteria were not met, cyst aspiration appeared to be the most definitive procedure.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed1983

Percutaneous nephrostomy under guidance of ultrasonography and fluoroscopy using a pigtail catheter.

Percutaneous nephrostomy using a pigtail catheter was performed in 37 patients under the guidance of ultrasonography and fluoroscopy. The only failure in 60 attempts was due to a subcapsular haematoma. The catheter appears to be well tolerated and is large enough for good drainage. Ultrasonography has proved to be a valuable part of this technique and has made antegrade pyelography easy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Percutaneous nephrostomy and antegrade ureteral stent insertion.

Sixty consecutive percutaneous nephrostomies were attempted in 37 patients with a 97-per cent success rate. The patients ranged in age from three to seventy-three years. Twenty-eight attempted nephrostomies were bilateral and 32 unilateral. When possible, the percutaneous nephrostomies were converted into internal ureteral stents by antegrade techniques. In each case of apparent complete ureteral obstruction, the area was successfully negotiated, and an indwelling ureteral stent was placed. In 2 patients, combined antegrade and retrograde techniques were required for successful internal stent placement. There was one failure because of a subcapsular hematoma resulting from multiple punctures with an 18-gauge needle. One major complication occurred when a segmental branch of the renal artery was injured by the nephrostomy catheter.

Catheterization↗
PubMed1982

Facilitation of difficult percutaneous ureteral stent insertion.

Attempts to convert percutaneous nephrostomies into internal ureteral stents were done by antegrade techniques in 26 patients in whom a retrograde approach for stent placement previously had been unsuccessful. There appeared to be complete obstruction of the ureter on antegrade urography in 8 patients but the area of the obstruction was traversed and a ureteral stent was inserted. Dilation of malignant or benign ureteral strictures followed by ureteral stent placement was done in 15 patients. The major difficulties in antegrade ureteral stent placement were marked ureteral tortuosity and ureteral kinking. The tortuosity was managed by insertion of a pigtail catheter in these instances. The pigtail catheter was wedged in the region of the kink and passed through the area of difficulty by manipulation of the catheter and guide wire under fluoroscopy. Another problem encountered was coiling and kinking of the catheter in a dilated renal pelvis. This problem was resolved by the transparenchymal approach for percutaneous nephrostomy and application of torque guide wires and stiffer torque control catheters. We herein demonstrate that apparent complete obstruction of the ureter on pyelography does not preclude consideration of ureteral stent insertion and that an antegrade approach often is successful when a ureteral stent cannot be placed by a retrograde technique.

Dilatation↗
PubMed1982

Radionuclide determination of individual kidney function in the treatment of chronic renal obstruction.

Differential radionuclide renal scans can be useful in the management of patients with chronic partial obstruction of 1 kidney. The 99mtechnetium diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid perfusion scan can be used to assess glomerular blood flow. The 131iodine orthoiodohippurate renal scan provides qualitative functional information from scintigrams and quantitative evaluation of effective renal plasma flow to each kidney, as well as a total excretory index. Sequential 99mtechnetium diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid and 131iodine orthoiodohippurate renal scans were used to assess individual renal function before and after surgical correction of unilateral chronic renal obstruction in 31 patients. The preservation of cortical perfusion on 99mtechnetium diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid scans indicated that potential existed for partial recovery of renal function. Effective renal plasma flow and excretory index determined in conjunction with the 131iodine orthoiodohippurate scans provided a quantitative assessment of preoperative renal function, an evaluation of the effect of surgery and a sensitive method for long-term evaluation of differential renal function. Correction of ureteropelvic junction obstruction usually resulted in improvement in unilateral renal function. Neither nephrolithotomy nor extended pyelolithotomy diminished renal function in the kidney subjected to an operation and often improved it. Patients with long-standing distal ureteral obstruction had the least improvement in renal function postoperatively.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Aspiration of thoracic masses and fluid collections under guidance of ultrasonography.

Successful ultrasonic detection and fine needle aspiration of pleural effusions, loculated fluid, and peripheral lung masses were done in 115 patients. No complications, eg, pneumothorax or hematoma, were caused by the fine needle aspirations. There was no false-negative or false-positive cytology because of excellent localization by ultrasound and adequate tissue samples. This series shows ultrasonography to be a valid method of evaluating chest lesions seen to be peripheral on chest roentgenograms. The cystic or solid nature of these lesions was determined; however, we experienced difficulty in differentiating small amounts of loculated fluid from pleural thickening in a few cases. Difficulties were also noted with a few small peripheral tumors that appeared to be cystic on ultrasonography but were proven to be solid by fine needle aspiration. These problems can be resolved by an experienced sonographer using equipment with higher resolution, but we did not hesitate to do fine needle aspiration in such circumstances.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed1982

Ultrasonography and alpha-fetoprotein determination for antenatal detection of neural tube defects.

We review our experience in the antenatal detection of neural tube defects in a collaborative study between the prenatal diagnostic program of the Section of Medical Genetics and the Ultrasound Laboratory at the West Virginia University. In West Virginia the incidence of neural tube defects is two to three times the national average. The patients were referred to the sonic laboratory for a variety of reasons, even though they had not been classified in the high risk category. Our data confirm the advantage of ultrasonography for screening of the population in the early stages of pregnancy. The study also confirmed the value of serum and amniotic fluid alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) determination in conjunction with ultrasonography, especially when there is a positive family history. The combination of modalities appears to be the best means at present for detection of these severe disorders. Screening the general population in the early stages of pregnancy by means of ultrasonography, a noninvasive technic, can help to review fetal maturity and placental localization, as well as to detect neural tube defects. High risk mothers can then be followed up by further evaluations using serum or amniotic fluid AFP studies.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed1981

Anatrophic nephrolithotomy: preservation of renal function demonstrated by differential quantitative radionuclide renal scans.

Differential quantitative radionuclide renal scans have been used to confirm that early removal of staghorn calculi by anatrophic nephrolithotomy preserves renal parenchyma without significant renal damage by the surgical procedure. The 99mtechnetium diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid scan was useful in predicting recovery of function in the involved kidney, while the 131iodine orthoiodohippurate scan provided a quantitative evaluation of the effect of the surgical procedure on individual kidney function. All of 13 consecutive patients evaluated by 131iodine orthoiodohippurate renal scans had stable or improved effective renal plasma flow to the involved kidney and an unchanged or improved total excretory index 6 months after nephrolithotomy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Case report. Nasopharyngeal mucormycosis.

Successful management of nasopharyngeal mucormycosis in a 58-year-old leukemia patient is reported. High index of suspicion, localizing the disease to the nasopharynx, early diagnosis by biopsy, control of underlying debilitating leukemia, and aggressive therapeutic approach all contributed to the successful outcome. Review of the literature indicates this to be the first reported case of successful outcome of mucormycosis in a patient with acute myelogenous leukemia. Application and findings of computed tomography for evaluation of mucormycosis are discussed.

Female↗