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Biomedical subjects

O F Giwa-Osagie

Publications and source records attributed to O F Giwa-Osagie.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1994

Metabolic effects of once-a-month combined injectable contraceptives. The World Health Organization Task Force on Long-Acting Systemic Agents for Fertility Regulation, Geneva, Switzerland.

The results of metabolic studies on once-a-month combined injectable contraceptives are summarized, focusing on four preparations: dihydroxyprogesterone acetophenide 150 mg/estradiol enanthate 10 mg; depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate 25 mg/estradiol cypionate 5 mg; norethisterone enanthate 50 mg/estradiol valerate 5 mg; and 17 beta-hydroxyprogesterone caproate 250 mg/estradiol valerate 5 mg. Their effects on carbohydrate metabolism, lipid metabolism, hemostasis, serum prolactin, cortisol, binding globulins and liver functions are reviewed. Areas requiring further research are identified.

17 alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone Caproate↗
PubMed1993

A multicenter clinical trial in Nigeria with a low-dose oral contraceptive, Marvelon.

The monophasic combination preparation, Marvelon, is a modern, technically improved oral contraceptive. It was tested for contraceptive reliability, cycle control and acceptability in 4 clinical centers in Nigeria for a period of one year. A total of 408 women was included in these studies, and 3102 cycles were monitored. The results showed a high contraceptive reliability and an excellent cycle-control. It was well tolerated. There were very few side-effects and the symptoms during medication were minor and hardly needed any treatment. At 12 months, 43.1% of the acceptors were still in the trial. Seventy-nine women (19.4%) discontinued before the end of the study for any reason. Drop-out reasons of these women were mainly non-medical. For the remainder of drop-outs no reason was given. This study suggests that this new oral contraceptive adequately satisfies the contraceptive needs of modern women.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Erect lateral pelvimetry and the outcome of labor in Lagos.

The erect lateral radiograph pelvimetry measurements was related to the outcome of labor in 173 patients. The most common indication for pelvimetry was one previous caesarean section in 90 (52%) patients. Sixty-nine (39.9%) pelvimetry measurements were performed because of suspected cephalopelvic disproportion, while 20 (11.6%) were done because of breech presentation. In patients with a cephalic presentation at delivery, the mean +/- standard deviation (SD) obstetric conjugate for the 87 women who delivered vaginally (group 1) was 11.42 +/- 1.5 cm, while that of the 45 women who had emergency caesarean section (group 2) was 10.77 +/- 1.5 cm. The mean +/- SD anteroposterior outlet diameter for groups 1 and 2 were 12.24 +/- 1.9 cm and 11.84 +/- 1.7 cm respectively. Both differences were found to be statistically significant (p < 0.001 and p < 0.05 respectively). The mean +/- SD birthweight of the babies in groups 1 and 2 were 3.34 +/- 0.79 kg and 3.42 +/- 0.86 kg respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups (p < 0.05). The critical obstetric conjugate for safe vaginal delivery was 9.88 cm while the corresponding value for the anteroposterior pelvic outlet diameter was 10.24 cm.

Cesarean Section↗
PubMed1992

A multicenter clinical trial in Nigeria with Multiload-Cu250 (MLCu250) and Multiload-Cu375 (MLCu375) intrauterine devices.

A multicenter study was conducted in Nigeria, comparing the Multiload-Cu250 (MLCu250) with the Multiload-Cu375 (MLCu375). The two intrauterine devices were studied on aspects of effectiveness and acceptability. Parameters were observed and analyzed, using the life-table method of Tietze and Lewit. Continuation rates were excellent. Overall results were in line with studies done elsewhere in the world with Multiload devices, showing a slight superiority of the MLCu375 over the MLCu250.

Female↗
PubMed1991

Failed contraception in Nigerian women: outcome of pregnancy and subsequent contraceptive choice.

The outcome of pregnancy in 56 patients who had contraceptive failure out of the 5,431 new acceptors at the Family Planning Clinic of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, between 1 January 1981 and 31 December 1989, were analysed. There were 40 IUD, 6 OC, and 4 injectable failures. Three patients had had voluntary surgical contraception (VSC) and 3 used barrier methods. The mean +/- SD age and parity were 32.2 +/- 4.4 years and 4.4 +/- 1.9, respectively. There were 17 (30.1%) live births, 34 (56.6%) terminations of pregnancy and 3 (5.2%) spontaneous abortions. Two (3.0%) patients were lost to follow-up. There was neither any statistically significant difference in the outcome of pregnancy between patients with 5 or more children and less than 5 children (p greater than 0.05), nor between patients less than 31 years of age and those older. Fifty per cent of the patients who had used the IUD continued with the method. Seven patients subsequently requested VSC. None of the patients using the injectable contraceptive or barrier methods continued with the method (p greater than 0.05).

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Maternal weight and weight gain during pregnancy--can the arm circumference be used as surrogate?

A survey among pregnant Nigerian women attending an antenatal clinic showed a strong correlation between the arm circumference and weight. The sensitivity and positive predictive value of mid-arm circumference less than 23 cm for first trimester weight of less than 45 kg was 85.7% and 54.5% respectively. In the second trimester, these values for mid-arm circumference of less than 24 cm and weight less than 50 kg were 55.6% and 32.3% respectively. The specificity was high, ranging up to 99.4%. The value of the screening was found to be higher amongst primigravidas. Mid-arm circumference was however found to be insensitive for monitoring of weight gain during pregnancy. Strips based on this principle may be useful as a screening tool especially for low cadre health workers to identify pregnant women considered nutritionally at risk.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Effect of repeated semen ejaculation on sperm quality.

The semen quality of 21 Medical students who produced sperm by masturbation has been assessed. The mean density of 21 samples examined on the first day was 64,4 millions per millilitre, while that on the third and fifth day of the study period were 52.2 and 50.7 millilitre respectively. This showed a statistically significant difference between the first and the third samples. Another statistically significant difference (P less than 0.5) was demonstrated in the semen volume of the first and third, and the third and fifth samples respectively. Significant differences were, however, not observed in the motility and morphology changes in the group samples. We therefore conclude that even though repeated semen ejaculations on alternate days do affect the density and volume of the semen, the most important overall effect is not such as to impair the potential fertility of the man who has normal initial sperm characteristics.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Unstimulated thyroid function indices of Nigerians with secondary amenorrhea.

The unstimulated plasma thyroid indices of triiodothyronine uptake (T(3)U), thyroxine (T(4)), free thyroxine index (FTI), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and prolactin levels were measured in 56 patients who were complaining of secondary amenorrhea, and in 40 control patients. No significant differences were noted in the plasma indices between the two groups. Mean ± standard error plasma prolactin levels in patients with secondary amenorrhea and in the control patients were 21.8 ± 2 ng/mL and 10.5 ng/mL, respectively. Twenty-two (39 percent) patients who were complaining of amenorrhea had hyperprolactinemia and galactorrhea. The thyroid indices of these patients did not differ significantly from the control group.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Interval out-patient female sterilization in Lagos.

Out-patient sterilization services were introduced by the Family Planning Clinic of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, College of Medicine, Lagos, in September, 1981. This paper reviews the results of the first five years of its availability. There were 96 out-patient interval sterilizations, 47 were by the laparoscopic and 49 by the minilaparotomy procedures, representing 0.7% of maternities. Both local and general anaesthesia was used for the procedures. The patients' ages ranged from 28-52 years, all but three being above 31 years. Their parity ranged from 2-15 with between 2-10 living children. Only five patients had less than four children. 37.5% had used no contraception before. Termination of pregnancy was performed at the same time as tubal ligation in 12.5%, and 75% of these were secondary to contraceptive failure. Three patients had emergency laparotomy although in only one was it related to the sterilization procedure. Three patients were observed for 24 hours with no complications. Two patients were re-admitted after one week with pelvic peritonitis. The major complication rate was 3.1%. The failure rate was one per cent. There have been no requests for reversal. The results are compared with those of patients having puerperal sterilization during the same period, who totalled 2% of the maternities.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Implications of pattern of tubal disease for microsurgery or in vitro fertilization in Lagos.

Tubal disease was found in 78 of 100 consecutive Nigerian patients who had laparoscopy for infertility, while 22 patients had patent tubes. Forty-two patients had bilateral tubal occlusion; 18 had unilateral occlusion, while 18 had gross pelvic adhesions. Forty-one patients had cornual block, and 10 had hydrosalpinges. Multiparas were more prone to unilateral tubal occlusion or gross pelvic adhesions compared with nulliparas. In 27 (35 percent) patients with tubal disease in vitro fertilization (IVF) would be the only suitable treatment, while in another 10 (12 percent) patients with hydrosalpinges, IVF probably offers a better prognosis than microsurgery.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Adrenal rest tumour of the ovary associated with isosexual precocious pseudopuberty and cushingoid features.

A 2-year-old girl who presented with blindness, aphasia and inability to move the right arm and leg following a convulsive episode was found to have hypertension, precocious pseudopuberty, features of Cushing syndrome and an ovarian tumour. The hormonal profile suggested an adrenal cortical tumour, which turned out to be located in the ovary and the cause of the ovarian enlargement. Following removal of the mass, all the abnormal features regressed and the blood pressure returned to normal.

Adrenal Rest Tumor↗
PubMed1985

Donor insemination in Lagos.

The results of AID in a population with a high incidence of female factors is reported. Thirty-one patients started AID on 35 occasions resulting in 25 pregnancies and a cumulative conception rate of 71% at 8 months. Eleven patients with female factors present became pregnant. Some problems of AID practice in Lagos are highlighted.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Etiologic classification and sociomedical characteristics of infertility in 250 couples.

Two hundred fifty infertile couples were studied during a 30-month period. Of these, 77 couples (30.8%) were polygamous. Tubal disease was the commonest etiologic factor, being the sole factor in 24% and a factor in 41.2%. Oligo-azoospermia was the sole factor in 20.8% and a factor in 34.4%. Anovulation was the sole factor in 16.8%. Female factors were the sole findings in 129 patients (51.6%), while male factors were the sole findings in 54 (21.6%). In 36 (14.4%), combined factors were present. There were 56 (22.4%) pregnancies including 27 (63%) pregnancies in 43 patients who were treated for anovulation. There were five pregnancies in 103 patients with tubal disease. Thirty-five (62.5%) pregnancies ended in live births, while eight (14.3%) were abortions or ectopic gestations.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Prevalence of hyperprolactinaemia and galactorrhoea in secondary amenorrhoea.

Using Commercial R.I.A. Kits, plasma prolactin levels have been assayed in 41 Nigerian women with secondary amenorrhoea and in 10 normal ovulating women. The prolactin levels were 34.5 +/- 28.9 ng/ml and 14 +/- 6.8 ng/ml respectively; these prolactin levels differed significantly (p less than 0.001). Fifteen amenorrhoeic women had prolactin levels exceeding 28 ng/ml while no normal women had such prolactin levels. The highest prolactin levels, greater than 100 ng/ml were in the two patients with pituitary tumours. The relative frequency of galactorrhoea in patients with secondary amenorrhoea was 19.5%. The results of this study are comparable with those obtained in Caucasians.

Amenorrhea↗