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Biomedical subjects

O Faergeman

Publications and source records attributed to O Faergeman.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Effects of soy protein and casein in low cholesterol diets on plasma lipoproteins in normolipidemic subjects.

Dietary plant proteins may lower plasma cholesterol and LDL concentrations in hypercholesterolemic patients when substituted for animal proteins, particularly in diets with low cholesterol and saturated fat content. Plant protein diets appear, however, to be without effect on plasma lipoprotein levels in normal subjects. In the present study, we have examined whether the origin of the dietary protein, i.e. plant (soy) or animal (casein), affects the plasma lipoproteins in normolipidemic subjects when these proteins are presented as components of diets low in cholesterol and saturated fat. The study followed a crossover design. Five men and 5 women consumed liquid formula diets containing 20% of calories as casein or soy protein, 28% as fat (mainly monounsaturated), and 52% as carbohydrate; the intake of cholesterol was less than 100 mg per day. The two dietary periods, each of 1 month duration, were separated by an interim period of 1 month on self-chosen food. Following an initial 30% reduction of cholesterol and LDL plasma levels on both diets, the concentrations of each of the major lipoprotein classes (VLDL, IDL, LDL, HDL2 and HDL3) were similar during the two experimental dietary periods. Body weights were essentially constant. Dietary soy protein and casein could not be distinguished in their effects on the plasma concentrations and chemical composition of the major lipoprotein classes in normolipidemic subjects.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

The long-term effect of alprenolol on plasma apolipoproteins A-I and B.

The concentration of lipids, lipoproteins and apolipoprotein A-I and B was measured in the plasma of 33 patients, enrolled in a double-blind, controlled trial of alprenolol in myocardial infarction, after one year on the study medication and again after 6 months off the medication. Sixteen patients received 200 mg alprenolol twice daily and 17 received placebo. There were no statistically significant differences between the parameters in the two groups after one year on medication. However, when medication was stopped, the ratio of apolipoprotein B to apolipoprotein A-I fell by 9% in the alprenolol group and increased by 2% in the placebo group. This difference was statistically significant. Our results suggest that alprenolol, a beta-blocker with weak intrinsic sympathomimetic effect, has slight effects on plasma lipoproteins. These effects were apparent only by measurements of apolipoproteins.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Multicenter, double-blind comparison of doxazosin and atenolol in patients with mild to moderate hypertension.

In a double-blind multicenter study, the new alpha 1-adrenoceptor inhibitor doxazosin was compared with atenolol for efficacy, safety and effect on serum lipids. One hundred and twenty-six patients with mild to moderate hypertension were randomly assigned to receive either doxazosin (n = 63) or atenolol (n = 63). The mean final dosages, administered once daily, to obtain 24-hour blood pressure (BP) control were doxazosin 12 mg (range 1 to 16) and atenolol 91.8 mg (range 50 to 100). Of 12 doxazosin and 7 atenolol patient withdrawals from the study, 7 doxazosin and 4 atenolol patients withdrew for treatment-related reasons. No statistically significant differences between treatment groups were found after 20 weeks in changes from baseline in standing and sitting BPs measured 24 hours after administration. Sitting BP (systolic/diastolic) was reduced by 10.5/9.8 mm Hg after doxazosin treatment and by 10.9/10.7 mm Hg after atenolol therapy. Standing BP was reduced by 8.8/7.7 mm Hg after doxazosin administration and 9.7/9.3 mm Hg after treatment with atenolol. Supine BP was measured in a small cohort of the study population, and doxazosin had a smaller effect than atenolol. After 20 weeks of treatment, both drugs reduced heart rate with atenolol producing a statistically significantly greater decrease than doxazosin (standing, doxazosin 5 beats/min, atenolol 16.2 beats/min, p less than 0.001; sitting, doxazosin 5 beats/min, atenolol 13.1 beats/min, p less than 0.001). Side effects were reported by 37 patients receiving doxazosin therapy and 34 patients receiving atenolol therapy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists↗
PubMed1985

High-carbohydrate, low-fat diet: effect on lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, GIP and insulin secretion in diabetics.

The effects of increasing the dietary polysaccharide content from the customary 40 percent to 50 percent of total energy intake were examined in a metabolic ward-cross-over study of eight noninsulin dependent diabetic patients with normal fasting C-peptide concentration. The aim was to study the effect of a raised carbohydrate content; therefore, the fibre content of the diet was kept approximately constant. Patients had been treated with diet alone, and the high carbohydrate (HC) observation period lasted for two weeks. Blood glucose was significantly increased postprandially in the HC period (11.8 +/- 0.3 versus 10.7 +/- 0.4 mmol/l), and this was accompanied by significantly raised immunoreactive insulin (IRI) concentrations. The secretion of IRI, C-peptide and gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) after a standard meal-challenge at the end of each period were unaffected by the preceding diets. The HC diet was accompanied by increasing values of plasma triglyceride (1.13 +/- 0.06 versus 0.97 +/- 0.06 mmol/l) and VLDL-triglyceride (0.69 +/- 0.04 versus 0.50 +/- 0.04 mmol/l), whereas the ketone body concentration was decreased (0.25 +/- 0.03 versus 0.36 +/- 0.05 mmol/l). Both HDL- and LDL cholesterol were decreased by the HC-diet (1.07 +/- 0.02 versus 1.18 +/- 0.02; 3.45 +/- 0.09 versus 3.89 +/- 0.09 mmol/l, respectively), while the LDL to HDL cholesterol concentration ratio remained unaffected. Thus, in two weeks, a HC diet resulted in hyperglycaemia, hyperinsulinaemia, hypertriglyceridemia and a state of antiketogenesis, without any apparent change in the capacity of mealinduced insulin release. LDL- and HDL-cholesterol were lowered to the same extent.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Serum lipoproteins after treatment with verapamil for 6 months.

Fasting levels of serum lipids and lipoproteins were measured in survivors of acute myocardial infarction after 6 months of treatment with placebo (n = 19) or verapamil 360 mg daily (n = 13). There were no significant differences between the groups and values had not changed in the verapamil group 2 weeks after cessation of treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Effects and side-effects of partial ileal by-pass surgery for familial hypercholesterolaemia.

Ten patients with familial hypercholesterolaemia were subjected to partial ileal by-pass surgery. Plasma cholesterol fell by 41 and 38% and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol by 51 and 46% after six and 18 months respectively. High-density and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and plasma triglycerides were unaffected. Alanine aminotransferase increased transiently in half of the patients. Diarrhoea and slight steatorrhoea troubled most of the patients for the duration of 18 months' period of observation. Other long-term side effects were slight but significant increase in the renal excretion of oxalic acid and reduction in the intestinal absorption of calcium. The study shows that this operation has metabolic side-effects that warrant continued medical care of these patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Serum lipoprotein and lymphocyte LDL receptor studies in parents and children with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia.

In certain cases heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) cannot be confidently diagnosed from elevated serum lipid and lipoprotein values alone because of overlap with normal values. In the present study, therefore, lymphocyte high-affinity LDL receptor degradation of 125I-LDL was measured in 36 subjects from nine FH families. In eight families there was a good agreement between elevated serum lipid and lipoprotein values and reduced 125I-LDL degradation. In the ninth family, however, LDL receptor activity was normal in three subjects from three generations with elevated serum lipids and lipoproteins. The data suggest a disorder of LDL metabolism other than FH.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Coated pits and pinocytosis of cationized ferritin in human skin fibroblasts.

Pinocytosis was studied in cultured human skin fibroblasts in order to obtain more information about uptake in these cells of non-specific ligands with different net surface charge. The fibroblasts were obtained from a normal person and a patient homozygous for familial hypercholesterolemia. No ultrastructural differences were observed between the two cell types. The ratio between coated and smooth pits at the cell surface was about 1:6. Freeze-fracture revealed that whereas smooth pits were devoid of intramembrane particles, the coated pits occupying 1-5% of the total cell surface area showed numerous intramembrane particles. Cationized ferritin (pI = 8.5) bound to the cell surface and to coated pits of both types of fibroblasts at 4 degrees C. Either type internalized CF at 37 degrees C. Vacuoles (lysosomal elements) containing CF were seen already after 5 min at 37 degrees C, but were much numerous after 30 min of incubation at 37 degrees C, and appeared with the same frequency in both cell types. Smooth (uncoated) pits at the cell surface remained unlabeled. In contrast to CF, native ferritin (pI = 4.6) was internalized to a very limited extent in both cell types, even after 3.5 h of incubation at 37 degrees C. These results indicate that both normal and FH fibroblasts internalize CF exclusively by coated pits, and adsorptive uptake mechanism that apparently is nonspecific but clearly cation-selective.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Excessive hypertriglyceridemia and pancreatitis in pregnancy. Association with deficiency of lipoprotein lipase.

Acute pancreatitis verified at laparotomy occurred in the 37th week in 1 of 4 women who developed excessive hypertriglyceridemia (type V hyperlipoproteinemia) during pregnancy. The hypertriglyceridemia was associated with and possibly caused by deficiency of lipoprotein lipase, measured as the NaCl sensitive component of post-heparin lipase activity. A severely fat-restricted diet controlled the hypertriglyceridemia in 1 of the patients, followed during a second pregnancy.

Adult↗