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Biomedical subjects

O Felsenfeld

Publications and source records attributed to O Felsenfeld.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1981

Response of small intestinal flora to elemental diet and pancreatic duct ligation in vervet monkey.

The small intestinal flora of vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops) was examined before and after feeding elemental diet and after ligation of the pancreatic duct. Elemental diet did not produce significant changes of the intestinal microbial flora. However, an increase of the microbial count consisting mainly of Enterobacteriaceae, molds and yeasts was observed in the duct-ligated animals, significantly more pronounced than in the sham-operated controls. The data confirm previous studies demonstrating the possible role of the exocrine pancreas in the maintenance of a normal intestinal flora.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

The effect of oral pancreatic enzymes on the intestinal flora of protein-deficient vervet monkeys challenged with Vibrio cholerae.

Jejunal bacterial flora in 11 protein deficient vervet monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops) and four controls was studied. These were the same animals from an investigation previously reported in which it was shown that pancreatic extract modified the course of cholera infection in protein-deficient monkeys. The present study reports in addition that these animals the fluid in the upper jejunum contained significantly increased numbers of bacteria including Enterobacteriaceae compared to its predietary state and to that of the controls. After challenge to these animals with Vibrio cholerae, the jejunal bacterial flora in the protein-deficient animals given placebo remained unchanged, whereas pancreatic extract-treated animals showed a quantitative and qualitative recovery of their jejunal bacterial flora. Pancreatic extract hastened the return of altered intestinal flora to predietary levels.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

The effect of oral pancreatic extract on jejunal bactericidal activity in protein-deficient vervet monkeys challenged with Vibrio cholerae.

Eleven vervet monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops) were fed with an "O" protein diet. After the serum albumin level fell below 2.5 g/100 ml the animals and 4 controls, which received regular monkey chow, were orally infected with a monkey-adapted strain of Vibrio cholerae. The total bactericidal activity of the jejunal fluid decreased during feeding with "O" protein diet, but increased after challenge with V. cholerae in all groups. The non-immunoglobulin-bound bactericidal activity, which also decreased during protein depletion, remained less in those animals receiving placebo instead of pancreatic extract after challenge.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Chymotrypsinlike activity of some intestinal bacteria.

Some tests of exocrine pancreatic function are based on the estimation of intestinal chymotryptic activity by using specific substrates such as N-benzoyl-L-tyrosyl-PABA (BT-P). In this study the action of a number of bacteria isolated from human or monkey intestines on BT-P was investigated. The monkeys studied had an intestinal flora closely resembling that of man. Except for Bacteroides, Proteus vulgaris No. 73, Proteus morgani No. 202, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa No. 76, significant splitting of BT-P did not take place when the common enteric microorganisms were tested. It was concluded that with the possible exception of bacterial overgrowth of the small bowel, microbial chymotryptic activity is not of importance.

4-Aminobenzoic Acid↗
PubMed1978

Effect of oral pancreatic enzymes on the course of cholera in protein-deficient vervet monkeys.

The effect of pancreatic extract on the course of cholera infection in protein-deficient vervet monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops) was studied. Eleven animals were made protein deficient by diet. Thier intestinal pancreatic enzyme concentration decreased as they became protein depleted. These animals were then challenged with Vibrio cholerae. Four control animals given a standard diet were similarly challenged. Immediately after challenge, 6 of the protein-deficient monkeys were given a highly purified pancreatic extract at a dose of 500 mg per day, and the other 5 protein-deficient animals received heat-inactivated pancreatic extract. Pancreatic extract significantly reduced the severity and duration of diarrhea in the treated animals so that they resembled the controls. The period of fecal excretion of vibrios was prolonged in the group of monkeys which received inactivated pancreatic extract. In addition, the response of intestinal antibody titers to cholera toxin was also significantly lower in this latter group. These observations suggest that exocrine pancreatic secretion is involved in the local defense mechanism against cholera during prtein deficiency.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Action of some pancreatic enzymes on Vibrio cholerae.

The action of pancreatic amylase, trypsin, lipase, and whole pancreatin was tested on five strains of Bibrio cholerae. Amylase did not act on any strain in concentrations to 10,000 IU/ml whereas trypsin increased vacuolization and lipase enhanced retraction of the protoplasm particularly in 2 of the 5 tested vibrio strains. Pancreatin caused damage hoth of the cell wall and the cytoplasm. It is suggested that these enzymes may play a role in the defense of the body against cholera vibrios.

Amylases↗
PubMed1977

[Effect of orally administered pancreatic extract on Vibrio cholerae infection during protein deficiency].

Two groups of 5 and 6 Vervet monkeys respectively were fed a protein-free diet. Both groups of protein depleted Vervets developed a minor decrease of serum and intestinal immunoglobulins, as well as marked impairment of exocrine pancreatic function. Thereafter the groups were challenged with Vibrio cholerae, while one group received purified pancreatic extract by oral administration. The group without pancreatic extract developed severe and significantly longer lasting diarrhea than the group with pancreatic extract. Vibrios were excreted for much longer in the former group. It is concluded that exocrine pancreatic function is involved in the local defence mechanism against cholera during protein deficiency.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Polymorphonuclear neutrophilic leukocytes in protein deficiency.

The number of white blood cells and of polymorphonuclear leukocytes remained unchanged in vervet monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops) receiving a "O" protein diet. The motility of the polymorphonuclear leukocytes and their phagocytic and killing indices with and without leukokinin stimulation decreased in protein-depleted animals. Acid cathepsin decreased, DNA relatively increased, and peroxidase, alkaline phosphatase, acid phenylphosphatase, and lysozyme reached higher levels in the polymorphonuclear leukocytes of animals on a "O" protein diet.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

[Exocrine pancreatic function, intestinal resorption and reaction to Vibrio cholerae infection in protein deficiency].

Six Patas monkeys were fed a protein-free diet while 16 animals of the same species receoved a standard monkey diet. The protein-depleted monkeys showed reduced absorption of folic acid but not Dxylose, and 5 out of 6 exhibited depressed exocrine pancreatic function. When challenged with Vibrio cholerae, animals with reduced folic acid absorption and pancreatic enzyme production excreted the micro-organisms for a longer time.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Malnutrition and susceptibility to infection with Vibrio cholerae in vervet monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops). 1. Induction of protein, B-vitamin complex and calorie malnutrition.

Five groups of eight vervet monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops) were fed regular monkey chow, low protein (LP), low B-vitamin complex (LBV), low protein - low B-vitamin complex (LB-LBV), or protein - low calorie (LP-LC) diet, respectively, for eight weeks. Hematocrit values, hemoglobin, BUN, total protein, albumin, riboflavin and body weight decreased, the ratio of dispensable/indispensable amino acids increased in all animals receiving a deficient diet. Total globulin, IgG and IgM remained unchanged in vervets on LBV diet; panthotenic acid and cyanocobalamin in animals receiving LBV, LP or LP-LC chow; and pyridoxal on the LP or LP-LC diet.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Malnutrition and susceptibility to infection with Vibrio cholerae in vervet monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops). 2. Response of vervet monkeys on protein, B-vitamin complex and calorie-deficient diets to infection.

Five groups of vervet monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops) were fed regular monkey chow, low protein (LP), low B-vitamin complex (LBV), LP-LBV, or low protein- low calorie (LP-LC) diets, respectively. After eight weeks the animals were infected with cholera vibrios. IgG, IgA and IgM increased in the sera of all animals after the challenge but the avidity of the immunoglobulins was lower in vervets on LP diets. Diarrhea and excretion of vibrios lasted longer in animals consuming less protein.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Standardization of Escherichia coli oral vaccines.

The proof of the efficacy of a vaccine can be rendered only by field trials. Nevertheless, a number of in vitro and in vivo tests has to be employed before large-scale testing can be carried out. This particularly holds true about vaccines used to prevent intestinal infections, which were the center of our interest. Seven strains, four of them causing diarrhea in man, and three in animals, have been investigated as potential oral immunizing agents. The strains were made apathogenic by heating, or developing streptomycin-dependence, or by chemical agents. The efficacy of the vaccines was tested by feeding vervet monkeys with them, by determining their potency in the ligated rabbit and rat intestinal loop, by determining coproantibody formation and by estimating the circulating anti-enterotoxin as well as precipitating and bacteriolytic antibodies. Enterotoxin developed by human pathogens differed in its action from that of animalpathogenic strains. According to the penetrating ability of the strains, there was a difference between the circulating antibody evoking capability. Therefore in fundamental assay of the vaccines, the dose-response, the length of the administration of the immunizing agents, and their dosage had to be investigated before and after challenge with homologous and heterologous E. coli strains. It is suggested that coproantibody determination together with monitoring circulating antibodies after vaccination and after challenge be used to standardize these vaccines.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1975

Comparative study of secretin and Lundh tests.

Exocrine pancreatic function in 19 patients with pancreatic disease and in 14 of 16 controls was measured by secretin stimulation and by the Lundh test on two different occasions. Peak bicarbonate concentration in the Lundh test emerged as the most reliable parameters. No additional diagnostic value was obtained by measuring enzymes after secretin injection. In 6 patients with chronic and in 8 of 13 patients with acute pancreatitis, both tests gave results that agreed with each other. The remaining 5 patients showed either an abnormal secretin value or an abnormal Lundh test. This is consistent with the wide variation seen in acute pancreatitis. It is concluded that the Lundh test as well as the secretin test were of value in the assessment of chronic pancreatic disease. The secretin test may be slightly more sensitive to mild and acute pancreatic damage than is the Lundh test. However stimulation of the pancreas by a test meal is easier to perform and more economic.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1975

Intestinal absorption, exocrine pancreatic function and response to Vibrio cholerae infection in protein deficient Patas monkeys (Erythrocebus patas).

Six patas monkeys (Erythrocebus patas) were fed a protein-free diet. Sixteen animals of the same species received a standard monkey diet. The protein-depleted patas showed reduced absorption of folic acid but not D-xylose, and 5 out of 6 had a decrease in the exocrine pancreatic function. Animals with reduced folic acid absorption and pancreatic enzyme production developed a longer lasting diarrhoea and excreted the microorganisms for a longer time when challenged with Vibrio cholerae.

Amylases↗
PubMed1975

Exocrine pancreatic function in protein-deficient patas monkeys studied by means of a test meal and an indirect pancreatic function test.

Exocrine pancreatic secretion was studied in 9 patas monkeys before and during protein depletion, and in 4 of them also during recovery from protein depletion. Pancreatic function was estimated by measuring enzymatic activities in the duodenal contents after a test meal and by determination of urinary excretion of p-aminobenzoic acid (pancreatic function test) after oral ingestion of the chymotrypsin-labile peptide N-benzoyl-L-tyrosyl-p-aminobenzoic acid. The average serum albumin dropped by 34.8% to 2.6 g per 100 ml. Significant decrease of trypsin, lipase, amylase, and chymotrypsin was observed in the duodenal samples during protein deficiency. Urinary excretion of p-aminobenzoic acid was also reduced significantly. The two tests correlated well. In 3 of 4 animals, recovery of pancreatic function was noted after refeeding a full protein diet. Pancreatic atrophy was noted in 2 animals which died. The study shows that exocrine pancreatic secretion can be seriously impaired even at a moderate protein deficiency and may not be reversibly in all instances. Therefore, function tests have to be evaluated with caution when hypoproteinemia, i.e., hypoalbuminemia, is present.

Aminobenzoates↗