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Biomedical subjects

O Flodmark

Publications and source records attributed to O Flodmark.

65 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Posterior fossa hemorrhages in the newborn.

Of 700 neonates examined by computed tomography (CT) in a 4 years period, 17 were found to have a posterior fossa hemorrhage. Eleven were born at term, and six were premature. Delivery was traumatic in 12 babies. The hematoma was in the subdural space in nine and within the cerebellum in eight. The CT diagnosis of extravasated blood in the posterior fossa is easy both in full-term neonates and prematures. The localization of the hematoma, however, may be difficult. While in the full-term neonates differentiation between subdural and intracerebellar location is relatively easy, in the premature the cerebellar hematoma frequently has a crescentic shape that resembles a subdural collection. Four patients with a subdural hematoma and four with a cerebellar hematoma were operated on. The general prognosis is poor: seven patients died; of the survivors, only three are normal at follow-up.

Cerebral Hemorrhage↗
PubMed1981

Clinical significance of ventriculomegaly in children who suffered perinatal asphyxia with or without intracranial hemorrhage: an 18 month follow-up study.

One-hundred and thirty neonates who suffered perinatal asphyxia were divided into two groups according to maturity at birth. All the neonates were studied with computed tomography (CT) of the brain in the neonatal period and again at 6 months of age. They were all followed clinically until at least 18 months of age. Eleven infants (8%) developed progressive hydrocephalus needing surgical intervention, and 67 (51%) had ventriculomegaly that was not diagnosed as progressive hydrocephalus during the 18-month-long follow-up period. All 11 neonates who developed progressive hydrocephalus had had hemorrhage, but ventriculomegaly without progressive hydrocephalus was very common and as common among those who had had hemorrhage as among those in whom no hemorrhage was found in the neonatal CT scan. We conclude from this study that, although posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus is a not infrequent complication of intracranial hemorrhage in neonates, the diagnosis should be made with caution, since ventriculomegaly of etiologies other than progressive hydrocephalus is common in this group of patients. The CT scan should be evaluated together with the clinical course of the patient. This combined approach will minimize the risks of a false positive diagnosis of progressive hydrocephalus and subsequent overtreatment as well as lack of treatment in cases in which it is necessary.

Asphyxia Neonatorum↗
PubMed1980

CT diagnosis and short-term prognosis of intracranial hemorrhage and hypoxic/ischemic brain damage in neonates.

A group of 476 neonates who had suffered perinatal asphyxia were studied with computed tomography (CT), and 341 were found to have some form of intracranial hemorrhage. The different hemorrhages were identified and classified. While the presence and severity of intraventricular hemorrhage in the premature neonate clearly increase neonatal mortality, subependymal and subarachnoid hemorrhages seem to have very little influence on whether the neonate survives or succumbs. Decreased brain tissue attenuation seen to some extent in all premature neonates depends on the maturity of the neonate and thus probably represents the normal appearance of the immature brain on CT. It should be noted that essentially all the CT examinations included in this study were carried out with an Ohio-Nuclear Delta 50 scanner. Findings with newer scanners may or may not corroborate the validity of some aspects of our observations.

Body Weight↗
PubMed1980

Correlation between computed tomography and autopsy in premature and full-term neonates that have suffered perinatal asphyxia.

The findings at autopsy were correlated with the computed tomographic (CT) diagnosis in 90 neonates that had suffered perinatal hypoxia and had CT within 10 days before autopsy. CT was accurate in the diagnosis of supratentorial hemorrhage whether it was subependymal, intraventricular, or intracerebral. Infratentorial hemorrhage was difficult to detect or localize with accuracy. Correlation between areas of hypodense brain tissue seen on CT and areas of ischemic brain damage other than hemorrhage at autopsy was poor. Diagnosis of generalized cerebral edema by CT, however, was very good.

Asphyxia Neonatorum↗
PubMed1979

Neuroradiological findings in a child with primary leptomeningeal melanoma.

A case of primary leptomeningeal melanoma in a child is presented. The patient was studied with multiple neuroradiological methods, however computed tomography (CT) provided the most important information. The CT findings with leptomeningeal tumor, although not completely specific, do suggest the diagnosis, thus providing important information to explain the acute onset of symptoms in a previously healthy child. This case also differs from previously reported cases in terms of the type of hydrocephalus associated with the tumor.

Cerebral Ventriculography↗
PubMed1977

Respiratory distress syndrome and thrombotic, non-bacterial endocarditis after amitriptyline overdose.

Three patients with documented or suspected amitriptyline poisoning developed a uniform clinical picture with progressive respiratory insufficiency, thrombocytopenia and evidence of embolization. Post-mortem examination revealed equally uniform changes: thrombotic, non-bacterial endocarditis (TNBE) with multiple embolization and marked pulmonary stiffness with extensive invasion of alveoli with connective tissue. The lung pathology and clinical picture of progressive respiratory insufficiency are in agreement with the respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in the adult. The simultaneous occurrence of RDS and TNBE suggests a similar pathogenesis. Prophylactic measures are described.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Travel vision: "collicular visual system"?

Two visually impaired children with occipital infarctions are presented. One patient has profound impairment of his primary visual pathway but has good vision for traveling, while the other child presented with the symptoms in reverse. We believe that these two patients provide further evidence that the primary visual pathway is used for conscious visual analysis and that the collicular visual system serves as the subconscious visual guidance for locomotion.

Attention↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Animal bites causing central nervous system injury in children. A report of three cases.

Three cases of animal bites causing central nervous system injury in children are reported. Two infants suffered compound depressed skull fractures as a result of dog bites to the head. An older child suffered direct injury to the spinal cord from a tiger bite. In 2 cases, Pasteurella meningitis occurred. Pitfalls in the management of this type of problem are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The role of dural anomalies in vein of Galen aneurysms: report of six cases and review of the literature.

It is proposed that the vein of Galen aneurysm represents a venous ectasia secondary to an increased flow (usually caused by a deep-seated arteriovenous shunt draining either directly into the vein of Galen aneurysm or into a tributary of the vein of Galen) associated with obstruction of a dural sinus distal to the aneurysm. The closer the venous obstruction is to the vein of Galen, the better the chances are of developing obstructive (noncommunicating) hydrocephalus and the more likely it is that the venous drainage from the rest of the brain will be unaffected. The farther the venous obstruction is from the vein of Galen aneurysm, the better the chances are of developing a communicating type of hydrocephalus. The development of cardiac failure is related to the magnitude of the arteriovenous shunt. Brain damage, seizures, and hemorrhage may be related to the retrograde venous engorgement, causing impaired drainage of the healthy brain. Careful attention should be paid to the venous drainage characteristics of the lesion because the types of dural venous obstructions and anomalies vary from case to case. The term "vein of Galen aneurysm" should be abandoned in favor of the term "vein of Galen ectasia."

Adult↗