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O Gaillot

Publications and source records attributed to O Gaillot.

25 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Susceptibility of clinically significant Haemophilus influenzae strains to oral antimicrobial agents used in Saudi Arabia.

The incidence of beta-lactamase production by Haemophilus influenzae strains and their susceptibility to commonly used oral antimicrobial agents were evaluated. From 1990 to 1992, 600 significant isolates of H. influenzae obtained from various hospitals throughout Saudi Arabia were identified, serotyped and tested for beta-lactamase production using cefinase discs and susceptibility to various antibiotics using the agar dilution method. The study revealed that 17% of the strains produced beta-lactamase; 21% of them were type b. The overall level of resistance was 30% to erythromycin, 28% to tetracycline, 14.3% to co-trimoxazole, 6.6% to chloramphenicol, 1.8% to amoxicillin-clavulanate and 1.5% to cefaclor. About 1.3% of the strains that did not produce beta-lactamase were resistant to ampicillin. Resistance of H. influenzae to antibiotics is increasing and in several parts of the world resistance to ampicillin has reached substantial levels particularly in type b strains. Information on resistance is needed for the appropriate selection of initial empiric therapy among patients in whom H. influenzae is a suspected pathogen.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1994

[Comparative activity of oral beta-lactam antibiotics against fifty strains of Haemophilus influenzae producing a beta-lactamase according to bacterial inoculum].

Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of amoxycillin alone and in combination with 2 mg/l or 4 mg/l clavulanic acid, ampicillin alone and in combination with 4 mg/l or 8 mg/l sulbactam, cefuroxime and cefaclor, were determined by the agar dilution method, with bacterial inoculum size ranging from 3 x 10(7) to 3 x 10(9) colony-forming units per ml. As expected, an inoculum effect was observed with cefaclor. In contrast, MICs of amoxycillin in combination with clavulanic acid did not significantly increase with the inoculum size. Ampicillin combined with sulbactam, and cefuroxime were less efficient at the highest bacterial concentration tested.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Human pasteurellosis: diagnosis, treatment and precautions].

The circumstances of diagnosis of human pasteurellosis are reviewed. The diagnosis is usually suspected for animal bite or scratch wounds. Conversely, in other infections the diagnosis is only based on bacteriological data. Phenotypic misidentification of Pasteurellaceae from clinical material is common. The phenotypic criteria of identification of the six species of human pathogen Pasteurella are presented. We emphasise that bite wound specimens have to be cultured for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria and yield an average of 5 bacterial isolates per culture. Antibiotic therapy relies upon amino-penicillins or cephalosporins, although b-lactamase producing strains are scarce. Fluoroquinolones can be an alternative for systemic infections. Molecular typing unequivocally points out the risk of transmission from pets to humans. Immunocompromised persons have to be made aware of precautions.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[ATP-dependant proteolysis and bacterial pathogenesis].

Proteolysis plays an central role in key metabolic pathways and cellular adaptation to environmental changes. It modulates the activity of regulatory peptides and eliminates misfolded or damaged proteins such as those generated by stress exposure. In eucaryotic cells ATP- dependent proteolysis is carried out by the 26S proteasome whose substrates are identified by ubiquitin tags. Conversely, bacteria possess several tagging systems and different ATP- dependent proteases. Bacterial ATP-dependent proteases carry distinct chaperone-ATPase and peptidase activities, either on the same molecule or on separate subunits. Although unrelated, all ATP-dependent proteases function according to a similar multistep scheme, from the docking of a substrate by the ATPase region to its proteolysis by the peptidase. Major bacterial ATP- dependent proteases include FtsH, Lon, HslUV and the Clp proteases. Clp proteases are multimeric complexes assembled into a structure centered on the proteolytic component ClpP. They are essential for quick adaptation to stress and regulate important developmental processes. Clp-mediated proteolysis is also required for disease progression and virulence of several bacterial pathogens, favoring survival in the host or modulating the activity of genuine virulence factors.

ATP-Dependent Proteases↗