Interleukin-6 serum level and monocyte production in head and neck cancer.
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Female↗
Biomedical subjects
O Gallo
Publications and source records attributed to O Gallo.
Intraepithelial gamma-delta T cells in normal and hypertrophic rhinopharyngeal tonsils.
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Adenoids↗
Monocyte tumor necrosis factor production in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.
Changes in monocyte and macrophage function have been demonstrated in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. The purpose of this study was to evaluate tumor necrosis factor (TNF) production by activated monocytes from patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and to evaluate its relation to cancer stage, weight loss, and performance status. Monocytes from patients (n = 10) and controls (n = 10) were isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells by plastic adherence and incubated with lipopolysaccharide (10 micrograms/mL). The TNF concentration of supernatants was assayed by TNF alpha-specific immunoassay. The TNF production by monocytes from head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients was significantly higher (P less than .001) than those of controls. No significant relationship was found to cancer stage, weight loss, and performance status. These findings indicate that, in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients, an increased TNF production by activated monocytes takes place which does not correlate with cancer stage, cancer-related weight loss, and performance status.
Activities of Daily Living↗
Langerhans cells related to prognosis in patients with laryngeal carcinoma.
Intratumoral and peritumoral infiltration of T-zone histiocytes, mainly of mature Langerhans cells, was investigated in 88 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx by immunohistochemical methods using polyclonal antibodies against S100 protein and lysozyme. Granulocytic and lymphoid inflammatory infiltration and its relationship to the presence of Langerhans cells were also evaluated. Langerhans cells were present within the cancer tissues and showed a relationship with lymphoid infiltrate. No significant correlation was present among the density of Langerhans cells and the site of neoplastic growth (supraglottic or subglottic), granulocytic inflammatory infiltration, histological tumor grade, or clinical stage. Patients with high or intermediate density of Langerhans cells survived longer than those with low density (mean survival, 61%, 62%, and 0%, respectively). The number of Langerhans cells was relevant in patients with evident infiltration of lymphocytes and plasma cells, according to their ability to present antigens to sensitized T cells. Our results indicate that the presence of high or intermediate density of Langerhans cells and of marked lymphoid inflammation may be considered favorable prognostic factors for patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx.
Adult↗
Does the epithelium play a central role in the immune function of rhinopharyngeal tonsils? An immunocytochemical and ultrastructural study.
Enlarged adenoids from 10 children with chronic rhinitis and otitis media with effusion have been studied immunocytochemically and ultrastructurally, to better define the possible role of the epithelium and the dendritic accessory cells in the immune activation of lymphoid cells, and provide further insight into the pathogenesis of the disease. The presence within the columnar epithelium of lymphocytes positive for CD8 antigen, and which electron microscopically have been found frequently apposed to degenerating epithelial cells suggests that the latter cells are targets for cytotoxic activity of intraepithelial lymphocytes, rather than being engaged in antigen presentation. Furthermore, the finding of typical dendritic accessory cells, recognized by their typical immunophenotypic and ultrastructural features, in the lamina propria, indicates that antigen presentation is more likely exerted by dendritic accessory cells. This is further supported by the fact that these cells express major histocompatibility (MHC) class II molecules, which are needed for antigen presentation, whereas epithelial cells do not. A possible relationship between epithelial damage and the pathogenesis of adenoidal enlargement is discussed.
Adenoids↗
Prognostic significance of accessory cells and lymphocytes in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
Forty-five consecutive biopsy specimens of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and 10 biopsies of healthy nasopharyngeal mucosa obtained from non-cancer patients were investigated by immunohistochemical methods. Monoclonal (B2, T1) and policlonal antibodies (against S-100 protein and lysozyme) with reference to infiltrating lymphocytes and accessory cells (monocytic/macrophagic and dendritic cells) were used. Variable population densities of dendritic cells (S100+) were demonstrated in 22 out of the 45 cases (49%) of NPC; the distribution of these cells was typically within the cancer nests. Monocytic/macrophagic cells (Lys+) were found along the tumor margins and interspersed among the tumor cells in 14 out of 45 (31%) cases. No significant statistical correlation between density of accessory cells and histological type of NPC (classified according to Micheau criteria) was found. Cases with a moderate to marked density of dendritic and monocytic/macrophagic cells survived longer than those with a slight one (mean survival of 63%, 67% and 29%, 27% respectively). In NPC tissues T-lymphocyte infiltration was prevalent. In contrast, B cells were numerous and T cells rare in normal control tissues. The intensity of T-cell infiltration was significantly high in cases with a marked density of S-100+ cells, according to the ability of these cells to present antigens to sensitized T-cells. This study suggests a prognostic significance for reactive cells infiltrating NPC, which means longer survival for cases associated with marked infiltration density of accessory cells.
Adolescent↗
Interdigitating cells in the peritumoral infiltrate of laryngeal carcinomas: an immunocytochemical and ultrastructural study.
Interdigitating cells (IDCs) have been found in the peritumoral infiltrate of 18 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx. These cells have a dendritic shape and are characterized by the expression of S-100 protein and CD1a antigens. By electron microscopy, these cells are seen to establish intimate contacts with the apposed lymphocytes, which sometimes show signs of functional activation and proliferation. These findings indicate that IDCs may play a role in setting up a T-cell immune reaction against neoplastic cells, which may influence the biological behaviour and/or local growth of the tumour. Moreover, monocytes and cells with intermediate features between monocytes and IDCs are also found in the peritumoral infiltrate, thus suggesting that IDCs differentiate in situ from monocytic precursors, possibly under the influence of either tumour-derived factors or the local lymphoid microenvironment.
Aged↗
Correlations between histopathological and biological findings in nasopharyngeal carcinoma and its prognostic significance.
Forty-five consecutive cases of nasopharyngeal carcinoma were morphologically and immunocytochemically studied using monoclonal (anti-B and anti-T cell) and polyclonal (anti-S100 protein and antilysozyme) antibodies with the peroxidase-anti-peroxidase method to identify infiltrating lymphocytes (T and B cell) and histiocytes (monocytic/macrophagic and dendritic cells) in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. A variable density of dendritic cells was found within the tumor nests in 22 (49%) of 45 nasopharyngeal carcinomas examined; infiltrating macrophages were demonstrated in 15 (33%) specimens and around the tumor in almost all cases. Cases with moderate or marked density of dendritic cells (S100+) survived longer than those without such infiltration (mean 5-year survival rates of 31%, 55%, or 64% in patients with absent, moderate, or marked densities, respectively; P less than 0.05). A significant relationship between monocytic/macrophagic cells (lysozyme+) within the tumor and survival was also found (mean 5-year survival rate of 27% or 61% in patients with absent, moderate, or marked densities, respectively). However, lymphocytic infiltration was not statistically related to a better survival. Analyzing lymphocytic infiltration, we found a large prevalence of T cells in the neoplastic tissue without any prognostic significance. These data were correlated to different histological subtypes according to the principal histological classifications of nasopharyngeal carcinomas (Micheau, et al.; World Health Organization; Cologne University) to individualize the scheme which correlates best with prognosis and biological features of nasopharyngeal carcinomas. Our data suggest that, considering dendritic cells and macrophages within cancer nests, nasopharyngeal carcinoma histiotypes can be correlated to patient prognosis.
Adult↗
Endoscopic ENT photography: a comparison of pictures by standard color films and newer color video printers.
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Color↗
T lymphocytes from tonsil and peripheral blood show different cytolytic and helper activities.
T lymphocytes from tonsil (To) and peripheral blood (PB) of 4 tonsillectomized children were subjected to clonal expansion with PHA in order to analyze at single cell level their cytolytic activity and their ability to produce interleukins such as IL-2, IFN-gamma and IL-4. Analyzing all T-cell clones (CD4+ and CD8+) obtained from To in comparison with those from PB, a reduced proportion of cells with lectin-dependent cytolytic activity (LDCC) (25% vs. 42%, p less than 0.01) and natural killer (NK) activity (18% vs. 31%, p less than 0.02) was found. These differences were proportionally related to the lower number of CD8+ T-cells in To than in PB. The proportion of CD4+ clones able to produce IL-2 and/or IL-4 were higher in To (75% and 61%) than in PB (52% and 25%, p less than 0.001 and p less than 0.001, respectively). In contrast, the proportion of CD4+ clones able to produce IFN-gamma was similar (53% and 58%) in both series of clones. According to the patterns of lymphokine synthesis, tonsillar T-cells differed from PB T-cells as follows: 1) the number of Th1-like CD4+ clones producing IL-2 and/or IFN-gamma (but not IL-4) were 23% vs. 44% in PB (p less than 0.001); 2) there was no difference between To and PB in the proportion of CD4+ clones producing IL-4 alone (Th2 clones: 9% vs. 8%); 3) CD4+ clones synthesizing IL-2, IL-4 and IFN-gamma at the same time were more frequent in To than in PB (Th3 clones: 53% vs. 17%, p less than 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Adolescent↗
Prostaglandins in squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx: tumor and peritumor synthesis.
Prostaglandin (PG) E2, 6ketoPGF1 alpha and Thromboxane B2 (TxB2) production by the tumor, peritumor and control tissue were investigated in specimens from patients (n = 11) with squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx, in relation to the extension and infiltration of the neoplasm and to the presence of inflammation, fibrosis and necrosis. In all specimens detectable amounts of 6ketoPGF1+ and TxB2 were found, but the predominant metabolite was PGE2. No differences in the levels of TxB2 and 6ketoPGF1 alpha were observed, but the only patient with lymphnodal involvement showed the lowest levels of 6ketoPGF1 alpha both in tumor and peritumor tissue. Higher amounts (p less than 0.05) of PGE2 were synthesized by peritumor tissues in comparison to control mucosa and tumor tissue independently of the occurrence of reactive infiltration. PGs synthesis did not correlate with inflammation, fibrosis, necrosis or staging of the neoplasm. However the two cases in stage T4 showed PGE2 generation at the highest levels both in neoplastic and perineoplastic tissue. These findings indicate that in squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx an increased production of PGE2 occurs, stemming not only from inflammatory cells but at least in part from neoplastic cells. This suggests that the study of arachidonic acid metabolism may contribute to characterization of the primary cancer and lead to better understanding of the mechanisms of tumor growth and diffusion.
6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha↗
Cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea and unilateral nasal polyposis: a case report.
We report a case of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea and unilateral polyposis in a 53-year-old woman. The clinical features, tomograms, and CT scan with Metrizamide infusion are examined. The analysis of this case evidences that: 1) A CSF can occur also after a long time (3 years) following a head injury; 2) CT cisternography with Metrizamide can demonstrate a leakage, but not always the fluid egress from the intracranial cavity; and 3) A CSF rhinorrhea may be the primary cause and not an occasional association or complication of a reactive phlogistic nasal disease.
Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea↗
Analysis of 185 submandibular gland excisions.
A review of 185 submandibular gland excisions over a ten year period is presented. The symptoms, physical findings, diagnosis on pathological examination and prognosis have been noted in each case to determine the incidence of neoplastic versus non-neoplastic disease. In our series non neoplastic disease of the submandibular gland was found in 141 patients (76%) with a large predominance of inflammatory lesion, while only 26 patients (14%) had a neoplastic lesion (6 benign lesions and 20 malignant tumors). There were also 18 (10%) patients surgically treated with gland excision for a glandular metastatic involvement from adjacent nodes. The significance of these findings is discussed.
Adolescent↗
Regulatory mechanisms of in vitro human IgE synthesis.
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Biomechanical Phenomena↗
Reduction of malaria prevalence after introduction of Romanomermis culicivorax (Mermithidae: Nematoda) in larval Anopheles habitats in Colombia.
The worldwide resurgence of malaria has become a major public health problem. New methods of controlling the vectors of the disease are required, and we therefore studied the biological control of Anopheles albimanus by Romanomermis culicivorax in Colombia. The investigation was carried out in El Valle and Nuquí, two towns on the northern Pacific coast of the country. All of the mosquito larval habitats surrounding El Valle were seeded with the eggs and adults of R. culicivorax. The nematode established itself in the new habitat and recycled over 27 months. The larval population of A. albimanus, the only malarial vector detected in the two towns, decreased in El Valle. In contrast, no change in the larval populations of the vector was detected in ponds located near Nuquí, the untreated control town. A rapid and progressive decrease of the prevalence of malaria among schoolchildren in El Valle was observed during the 2-year evaluation period.
Animals↗
Treatment of the clinically negative neck in laryngeal cancer patients.
BACKGROUND: Elective treatment of the NO neck in patients with laryngeal cancer remains a controversial issue. We reviewed our experience with patients who had neck dissection for NO laryngeal carcinoma with occult metastases in order to compare elective lymphadenectomy results with those achieved with therapeutic neck dissection performed subsequently when occult disease became clinically evident. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 150 NO laryngeal cancer patients who after a neck dissection had histologically positive lymph nodes and 5-year minimum follow-up. This population was divided in two subsets, including: 54 NO patients with occult neck metastases who had an elective neck surgery (ED); 96 initially NO patients who had a subsequent therapeutic neck dissection when nodal involvement became clinically detectable (STD). The two groups were compared with respect to the pattern of nodal metastasis and sites of treatment failures and also in terms of absolute, determinate, and actuarial survival. RESULTS: Overall absolute survival was 72.2% in the elective dissected (ED) group, compared with 54.1% in the group of subsequent therapeutic dissected (STD) patients (p = 0.075). Determinate survival was 74.0% after ED and 59.3% after STD (p = 0.17). Actuarial curves by the Kaplan-Meier method did not show any statistically significant differences among the two groups analyzed (logrank test, p = 0.54). Accordingly, Cox multivariate analysis confirmed that neck treatment policy had no prognostic impact on survival in our NO laryngeal cancer patients. However, a higher proportion of STD patients died of metastases at distant sites compared with ED patients (21.9% vs 7.4%, respectively) (p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: Elective lymphadenectomy does not significantly improve survival in NO laryngeal cancer patients with occult disease compared with those undergoing a therapeutic neck dissection when metastases subsequently appear.
Adult↗
Labeling index in squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx.
Two cell kinetic parameters, the 3H-thymidine labeling index (TLI) and the mitotic index (MI), were studied in vitro on fragments of squamous cell carcinoma tissue of the larynx. They were evaluated to identify those elements able to characterize the growth of these solid tumors. The values of these parameters were analyzed as a function of the clinical stage and the involvement of the regional lymph nodes. Results showed a statistically significant increase in the TLI from stage T1 to T3. No statistically significant differences in the TLI values were observed between the patients with positive and negative lymph nodes.
Adult↗
Glottic cancer involving anterior commissure: surgery vs radiotherapy.
A retrospective review of 182 patients with glottic cancer involving the anterior commissure (AC) is presented. Of these, 123 patients were first treated with conservative surgery and 59 underwent radiotherapy. Patients were staged according to the AJCC system and by the modality of neoplastic involvement of AC (pure AC cancer, glottic cancer involving AC up to the midline, and beyond the midline). Our results indicate a higher rate of local control and of specific-disease survival in the group of patients first treated with surgery than those treated with radiotherapy (86% vs 74% and 97.5% vs 84%, respectively) (p less than 0.05). For pure AC cancers, our results show better local control with primary radiotherapy than with conservation surgery (82% vs 76.5%), but surgical failures have been more successfully salvaged than have radiotherapy recurrences (ultimate local control, 97.5% vs 82%, respectively). These data suggest that the treatment of choice for AC cancers is conservation surgery, particularly frontolateral laryngectomy.
Adult↗