PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

O Gaye

Publications and source records attributed to O Gaye.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

[Impact of the use of permethrin pre-impregnated mosquito nets on malaria transmission in a hyperendemic village of Senegal].

The efficacy of permethrin-treated bednets was evaluated in Wassadou, a hyperendemic village located in the Sudanese grasslands of southeast Senegal. Pretreatment data were collected between 1992 and 1993. Bednets were distributed to the whole population in June 1995 and impact of their use on vector populations and malaria transmission was evaluated until November 1995. This period corresponds to the rainy season during which malaria transmission is highest. Data were compared with a control village in which bednets were not distributed. Findings showed that use of bednets led to a sharp decrease in the density of the vector population and malaria transmission. The number of bites by Anopheles gambiae s.1. decreased 69%. The density of blood-laden and pregnant females inside dwellings decreased 91% and 96% respectively. The sporozoite index of females captured on the skin decreased 76% and the daily rate of entomological inoculation decreased 88%. This impact was not great enough to eliminate the risk of infection. Prolonged study over a period of 4 to 5 years is needed to evaluate the impact of long-term use of insecticide-treated bednets on vector population and malaria transmission.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

[Malaria lethality in Dakar pediatric environment: study of risk factors].

To determine risk factors for fatal malaria in Senegalese children, a 3-year case-control study was carried out between October 1992 and November 1995 at the Albert Royer Hospital in Dakar. The case group included 52 children who died from documented malaria in the hospital. The matched control group consisted of children who responded favorably to hospital treatment. Exposure to risk was measured with regard to age, nutritional status, educational level of parents, self-medication prior to hospitalization, socioeconomic level, degree of fever, and blood parasite levels. Cases and controls were compared using statistical tests for matched groups. Age lower than 5 years, poor educational level of parents, delay of treatment more than 24 hours, nutritional status, and blood parasite levels greater than 5% were associated with a significantly higher risk of fatal outcome. Conversely, low socio-economic level, recent self-medication, and fever over 41 degrees C were not associated with higher fatality. These findings emphasize the need for more information campaigns to encourage people to seek institutionalized care when fever appears. Our results also suggest that prophylactic treatment may be advisable in children under 5 years of age and in some high risk groups.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

[Evaluation of parasitic risks related to the revitalization of the Ferlo fossil valley (Senegal)].

In order to assess the parasitic risks related to Ferlo's valley water launching, a study has been carried out from september 15 to october 10, 1996 in 12 villages. Four villages surrounding the Guiers lake, four lower within lower Ferlo already water launched 7 years ago, and four villages within upper Ferlo not water launched. Malaria strikes at hypoendemic level in the villages surrounding the Guiers lake (p.i = 6.2%) and at mesoendemic level in the area stretching along lower (P.I = 37.6%) and upper Ferlo (P.I = 34.3%) The prevalence rate of urinary bilharziosis is 0.002% in the first area, 1.3% in the second one and 14.5% in the third area. In these areas, intestinal parasitosis were prevailing respectively at rates of 38.2%, 36.4% and 22.2%. Although, there is no reason to fear immediately a worsening of the epidemiological situation due to Ferlo's valley revitalisation project, nevertheless, appropriate steps should be taken right now aiming at tacking the extension of conditions related to hydric medium.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

[Intestinal parasites in the vendors and consumers of street food. A study conducted in the Dakar area].

In order to assess the parasitic risk for street-food consumers, the authors conducted two studies from September to August 1996, one on street-food sellers (305) and the other on consumers (235). Among the consumers, 127 were considered as not exposed to risk, since they did not frequent the sector being surveyed, and 108 were exposed because they consumed at least one meal per day cooked by the sellers of this area. Both groups filled out a questionnaire and had their stools analysed according to the RITCHIE method. The infection rate was 60% among sellers and 45.5% among consumers. Protozoans were predominant in both groups. Among the consumers, those exposed were significantly more infected. Even though the sellers represent a parasitic risk due to their level of infection and the typology of parasites they shelter, one cannot assume that consumers are contaminated only by the sellers of street food. However, appropriate measures must be implemented in order to minimize risks for street-food consumers.

Feces↗
PubMed1998

[Malaria in the southern sanitary district of Dakar (Senegal). 1. Parasitemia and malarial attacks].

A survey of endemic malaria in Dakar was carried out in the southern sanitary district covering the city centre and neighbouring areas. The survey was scheduled from June 1994 to May 1995 in 12 sites distant from each other by 1000 to 1500 meters. Clinical and parasitological data were collected during weekly medical follow-ups at the patients' home with the systematic research of Plasmodium once a month. The study included 2,337 persons aged between 1 month and 88 years and belonging to 284 volunteer resident families. Through monthly parasitological examinations, a parasite rate (P.R.) of 0.3% and a gametocyte rate (G.R.) of 0.005% were recorded. Only Plasmodium falciparum was observed. The P.R. varied according to age: from 0.1% in the children under 2 years to 0.7% in the young adults (15-20 years) who appeared significantly more affected than the other age groups, including that of children from 2 to 9 years, of whom only 0.3% were infected by the parasite. The P.R. varied also according to the site surveyed: from 0% in the city centre to 1.3% at the periphery of the sanitary district and according to the time of year, reaching its height of 0.8%, between October and December, that is just after the rainy season. At the end of the year of survey, 929 among those surveyed were considered to have been satisfactorily followed. Their annual incidence rate was 2.4% for the parasitemia and of 1.5% for the malaria attacks. None of the participants aged under 2 years had the parasite. Among the others, the annual incidence rate varied according to the age--although not significantly--passing from 1.1% to 5.3% for parasitemia and from 0.4% to 3.0% for malaria attacks. Theses rates did not differ significantly according to site; the cases registered varied between 1% and 8% for parasitemia and 1% and 5.8% for malaria attacks. Only 10.6% of febrile subjects suffered from malaria attacks, but this rate seemed to go up between October to December, rising to 26.6% which corresponds to 1 case of malaria attacks for 4 cases of hyperthermia in that period. Weak density of Anopheline population and satisfactory medical surveillance explain the recorded results.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

[Evaluation of parasitic risks for the population bordering on the Mbeubeuss public waste disposal, Dakar].

The authors carried out a parasitologic survey on 367 inhabitants of Malika, a village located in the immediate surroundings of M'Beubeuss disposal, as well as on 433 other residents of Keur Massar, a location 2 km farther, in order to assess parasitic hazards encountered by people neighbouring this disposal. As far as intestinal parasitosis are concerned, the prevalence rate was significantly higher in Malika (61.3%) than in Keur Massar (48.5%) The sex, social and economic status, level of education as well as the time of dwelling in the neighbouring area were identified as the risk factors of intestinal parasitism. Only the last one can be considered as significantly and independently related to a risk of intestinal parasitism. As for malaria, the plasmodial index in Malika was 6% versus 7.6% in Keur Massar (no significant difference). Thus, if it does exist for neighbouring people, an infestation risk by intestinal parasites related to exposure duration, contrarily, it does not exist for malaria. Appropriate steps should be taken to prevent the hazards encountered by inhabitants of surrounding villages.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

[Endemic parasitoses in the villages surrounding the Saloum fossil valley, Senegal].

In order to determine the prevalence rates of malaria, urinary schistosomiasis and intestinal parasitosis in Saloum's valley, the authors carried out a study which took place from november 16 to november 24, 1996. For malaria, the global parasites index was 22% (146/662). Malaria prevails at a hypoendemic level in N'Diobène and N'Guent-paté villages and at a medium-endemic level in Ribo-Escale and N'Dodj. The infestation index for urinary schistosomiasis was 8.9% (137/154) About intestinal parasite, among 868 persons screened, 124 showed one or several parasites, that is an infestation index of 14.3%. Appropriate steps should be taken to prevent an extension of these conditions along the fossil Saloum's valley.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

[Evaluation of the treatment of malaria using a 3-day regimen of quinine in Dakar].

The efficacy of quinine treatment for Plasmodium falciparum strains remains sound. However reports of decreased sensitivity and resistance of some strains in Asia and East Africa indicate that current treatment regimens should be re-adjusted. The purpose for the present study carried out in Dakar, Senegal, was to evaluate the local regimen for acute Plasmodium falciparum malaria using quinine at a dose of 20 mg/kg per day in two daily injections on 3 consecutive days. Thirty-seven patients with acute Plasmodium falciparum malaria including 10 severe cases were treated using the standard regimen and followed up clinically and parasitologically from Day 0 to Day 7. On Day 7 parasites were still detectable in the blood of four patients for a failure rate of 10.8%. Persistence of parasites despite disappearance of clinical symptoms suggests that the regimen should be increased to 25 mg/kg per day for at least for 3 days or longer if symptoms persist. Due to its adverse effects and cost (10 times higher than chloroquine treatment), quinine treatment should be prescribed only for patients with severe malaria forms.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1997

[Knowledge and treatment of malaria in rural Senegal].

Evaluating knowledge about the diagnosis and treatment of malaria is a prerequisite for both understanding the development of chemoresistance and improving ongoing programs of chemotherapy and chemoprophylaxis. To gain such knowledge we distributed a questionnaire to 900 household heads in twelve villages in the M'Backe district of Senegal. Awareness of the main symptoms of malaria was satisfactory in comparison with previous references. Public health care facilities such as dispensaries were cited as the first resort for treatment by 72.6% of respondents. Chloroquine was mentioned as the first line antimalarial by 23% of respondents who practiced self-medication. Improper dosages were stated by 60% of the respondents. A total of 52.3% of respondents practiced chemoprophylaxis mainly using chloroquine. In 65.8% of cases antimalarial drugs were obtained from public health care units but drugs were purchased on the market in 15.7% of cases. These findings indicate the threefold Bamako initiative should be reinforced and that a campaign should be undertaken to educate people living in rural areas about malaria.

Antimalarials↗
PubMed1997

[Impact of antimalarial drug accessibility on malarial morbidity and chloroquine resistance. A study carried out in Touba (Senegal)].

In Touba, more important accessibility to antimalarial drugs and their uncontrolled use let to assure that the rate of malarial morbidity would be lower there than in other place in Senegal whereas the rate of chloroquine resistance would be higher. A checking survey of these assumptions has been carried out from october 15 to november 10, 1995 in Touba's health center. Among 227 feverish subjects investigated, 111 were Plasmodium falciparum carriers. Malarial bouts accounted for 48.9% of the feverish fits observed and for the major cause of consultation during the rainy season. These figures are higher than those usually observed in urban environment. Conversely, the rate of chloroquine resistance is lower than those observed in urban zones, since the therapeutic efficacy of chloroquine on Plasmodium falciparum was 100% in that survey.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

[Malaria in an urban environment: the case of the city of Rufisque in Senegal].

From April to November 1994, we carried out a study in Rufisque, an urban area located in Dakar Region. During dry season, 5.32% of febrile outpatients were infected with Plasmodium falciparum with a mean parasitic density evaluated at 12,471 p/microliter. One case of cerebral malaria was noted. During raining season, malaria represented 58.75% of the fevers. Ten presented neurological signs; the mean parasitic density was high, 131,140 p/microliter. Two children died. Good efficiency of quinine was noted but chloroquine treatment failures was present: 50%. Generally malaria is less prevalent in urban areas. But in Rufisque ecological conditions are main factors which permit spreading of the disease. Prior measures of control such correct treatment of cases and good management of environment must be done.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

[Prevalence of malaria in Dakar, Senegal. Results of serological survey of pregnant and non-pregnant women].

The study of malarial seroprevalence in Dakar has interested 598 women among whom 377 pregnant and 221 non pregnant, between 15 to 45 years old and happens during the dry season, period of which malaria transmission is practically stopped in the locality. Among the tested serums by indirect immunofluorescence with Plasmodium falciparum asexual blood forms as antigen, 24.4% contained antimalarial antibodies. The serological index does'nt vary significantly according to the months during the dry season, the women age and their previous pregnancy number. On the contrary, the women who live in Dakar since less than 2 years, have e higher seropositivity rate of 33.7% than those who are there since more than 2 years, 20.0%. It is likewise for the women practicing chemoprophylaxy with chloroquine of whom 16.5% have antibodies against 26.0% among those who don't practice it. The seropositivity rate doesn't vary significantly according as the women are pregnant (24.7% of positive) or not pregnant (24.0% of positive). The weakness of the serological rate in the examined women, can be explained by the situation of Dakar in a weak malarial hypoendemic area. II shows that the major examined subjects have lost or have never had contact with Plasmodium what predispose them to make severe and complicated malarial attacks.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

[Prevalence of malaria in the Senegal river basin in 1991].

In order to determine the prevalence of malaria and its epidemiological characteristics, a survey was carried out in 11 villages situated in all the Basin of River Senegal (B.R.S.). 3306 (0-14 years) children are examined. The results show that malaria is hypo-endemic in the B.R.S. with a plasmodic index of 8.6% and a splenic index of 9.9%. But these malariametric indexes change according to the areas visited. Thus, malaria prevails at a hypo-endemic level in Dagana and Podor districts while at a medium if not hyperendemic level in Matam and Bakel districts. The plasmodial index also change according to age reaching a maximum within children from 10 to 14 years. As for the spleen index, it is low among children from 10-14 years. As for the spleen index, it is low among children from 0 to 4 years old, then increases among those aging from 5 to 9 years, before decreasing within children ranging from 10 to 14 years. P.falciparum is the most prevalent species, representing 96% of the cases; it is followed by P.malarioe (3%) and P.ovale (1%). If our results are compared with those obtained before by other authors, we can conclude that the recent hydro-agricultural plannings carried out in the area, have not yet provoked an increase of the cases of malaria. But, in order to avoid this risk, it is necessary to take from now some preventive measures.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

[Evaluation of malaria chemoprevention among 359 pregnant women attending a health center in Dakar].

The authors carried out an epidemiological survey from october 12 to december 4, 1995, at Medina's mother and Child care centre (MCC) in Dakar in order to assess chemoprophylaxis among pregnant women in Dakar. The midwife/pregnant women ratio is 0.08 The mentioned diagnosis criteria were relevant regards to the references established for most of the answers because since the latter base malaria diagnosis on the following signs: fever, chills, headaches and vomiting. 64.6% of them assume compliance to antimalarial chemoporphylaxis. Education level seems to be the main determining factor in this trend. Although chloroquine is the most widely used drug, nevertheless 11.9% of pregnant women assuming compliance use it at inappropriate posology. Besides, pyrimethamine is used by 12.3% of them. 34% of pregnant women do show chloroquine in urine. The plasmodial index is 1.4%. Only 8.1% of these women are supplied by health centres where shortages are noted.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

[Informal care of malaria: determinants of demand and supply inventory. A study conducted in Touba City (Senegal)].

In Senegal, identifying the determining factors of the informal health care demand for malaria on the one hand and the supply's inventory in that condition on the other hand, are prerequisites to the definition of any realistic pharmaceutical policy. Wanted to make these parameters available in the city of Touba which shows religious and administrative particularities as compared to the rest of Senegal, by conducting a study on malaria morbidity and by submitting to people and informal health care providers two different questionnaires. Besides a malaria morbidity rate of 7.4%, the resort to informal health care was linked to economic reasons for 64% of householders resorting to this type of health care. Sociocultural determining factors were also identified. Among health care providers whom community's request is important, we observed the relevance of the malaria regular diagnosis as compared to established references. However we did not observed it as far as treatment and chemoprophylaxis are concerned. The supply is done along underground lines. The training of these informal health care providers and their integration in the general health care system should be considered.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

[Scanning electron microscope sudy of the morphology of fungi isolated from patients at the Aristide La Dantec Hospital in Dakar, Senegal].

In order to improve the identification of fungi usually isolated among some patients at Dantec Hospital, a study by scanning electron microscopy has been carried out. It deals with four species of yeasts (Candida albicans, Candida parapsilosis, Rhodotorula rubra Sacharomyces cerevisiae) six species of dermatophytes (Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton soudanense, Trichophyton interdigitale, Microsporum canis, Trichophyton violaceum, Microsporum audouinii); two species of mildew, (Aspergullus flavus, Aspergillus niger) and one species of dimorphic fungi (Histoplasma duboisii). The yeasts get a smooth surface with, often, a mark of but on it. Microsporum canis presents some echinulate macroconidia. Trichophyton violaceum is characterized by the appearance of echinulate chlamydoconidium with a twofold bulge and Microsporum audouinii by a echinulate chlamydoconidium with a bulge only. Trichophyton rubrum presents macroconidia with smooth surface and in "sausage" form, as for Trichophyton soudanense it presents some arthroconidia that are cells which get more or less rectangular form and with smooth surface. Aspergillus flavus is characterized by the presence of a conidiophore with a verrucosis surface and an aspergillary head of about 36 microns having some spores with almost smooth inner surface. On the other hand, Aspergillus niger gets a conidiophore with smooth surface. As for Histoplasma duboisii, the surface of the chlamydoconidium presents some verrucosis that are real conidia in formation. The scanning electron microscopy enables use to discover the existence of characters that are likely to be used for the identification of fungi.

Dermatomycoses↗
PubMed1996

[Strongyloidiasis: current incidence in the Dakar pediatric environment].

The authors have conducted from November 20th 1992 to May 26th 1993 a study about the incidence of Strongyloidiasis in two pediatric units in Dakar. Direct examination followed by Lee and Baerman's concentration technic both applied to 610 stool specimen, have shown that 26.6% of children were carrying parasites. 9 cases of strongyloidiasis have been shown the incidence was 1.4%. These cases represent 5.5% and ranks at fifth position among intestinal parasitic diseases. They all come from suburbs of Dakar. Malignant forms could be easily detected among children suffering a secondary immune deficiency due to malnutrition, or corticotherapy.

Adolescent↗