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Biomedical subjects

O H Braun

Publications and source records attributed to O H Braun.

10 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

High-resolution real-time sonography and MR imaging in assessment of osteocartilaginous exostoses.

High-resolution real-time ultrasonography (US) and MR imaging, using both spin-echo (SE) and gradient-echo (GE) sequences, were performed prospectively in 14 patients with solitary osteocartilaginous exostoses to assess cartilage cap thickness and bursa formation. Results were compared to surgical and histopathologic findings in all cases. Both US and MR imaging were useful in evaluating exostotic cartilage cap thickness, which is supposed to be the most reliable sign of malignant transformation. Hyaline cartilage matrix had distinctive features in US and MR imaging caused by its specific histologic composition. The formation of bursae over the protruding exostoses, which results in pain and clinically could raise the suspicion of growth and malignant transformation, was demonstrated best using GE sequences. MR imaging was thus superior to US in the detection of bursa formation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

[Virusenteritis in childhood (author's transl)].

About 20% of infantile enteritis are caused by bacterial infections. The most cases of non bacterial infantile enteritis are supposed to be viral infections. Arguments for the existence of enterotropic viruses arised the first time in 1943. Since the middle of the fifties, various kinds of enteroviruses are known to be causative agents of infantile gastroenteritis. The same is true occasionally for some types of adenovirus. In 1973 the Norwalk-agent was discovered provocing enteritis mainly in adults. The most important progress was achieved by the discovery of Rotavirus. The viruses of this group nowadays are ment to be the most wide spread causes of enteritis in human beings and many mammalians. Rotavirus can be found in about 40--60% of acute infantile gastroenteritis in many parts of the world. Furthermore, in the last years of Coronavirus and Astrovirus were detected as causative agents of gastroenteritis in some domestic animals and probably in human beings too.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1979

[Rare forms of chronic osteomyelitis in children (author's transl)].

4 cases of chronic osteomyelitis in children and adolescents are described. The first one concerns a girl with severe plasmacellular osteomyelitis of the right upperarm. As the treatment with antibiotics failed a partial resection of the right humerus, followed by plastic covering of the resulting defect was successful. Two further cases of chronic metatarsal osteomyelitis of both feet could be classified as a kind of "sclerosing osteomyelitis Garré", mostly corresponding to the clinical feature of the "chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis" (Björkstén et al., 1978). Furthermore, a case of chronic ostitis localized in the symphyseal area is described, the clinical symptoms of which were resembling to the cortical osteoid, a special kind of sclerosing osteomyelitis. It is suggested that these different forms of chronic osteomyelitis in children are caused by bacterial infections. Nevertheless, this hypothesis remains to be proved. The problems of the differential diagnosis are discussed. Generally, the only therapy with antibotics is not successful, whereas the combination of removing of the inflammatory process with plastic covering of the bone-defect usually results in recovery.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Acrodermatitis enteropathica. II. Zinc deficiency and ultrastructural findings.

The basic defect in acrodermatitis enteropathica (A.E.) is zinc deficiency caused by zinc malabsorption. The clinical symptoms disappear and serum zinc levels normalize after oral treatment with zinc. A report is given on two siblings suffering from A.E., both treated with oxyquinolines for a long period with changing clinical success. A permanent clinical remission could be achieved by treatment with zinc-sulphate at doses of 110-220 mg daily. The serum zinc levels normalized. The correlation between the zinc concentration of the hair and the kind of therapy was not very close. As we have shown in our first communication, the Paneth cells of the intestinal mucosa display ultrastructural changes in form of an unhomogeneous structure of the cytoplasm, formation of giant granules, and inclusion bodies. The zinc-therapy led to a complete normalization of the pathological changes in the Paneth cells. Thus, the changes in the Paneth cells in A.E. are the result and not the cause of zinc deficiency.

Acrodermatitis↗
PubMed1976

[Antibiotic therapy for infectious enteritis in childhood].

A brief review of the actual knowledge on the infantile enteritis caused by infectious agents is given. The antibiotic therapy of bacterial enteritis is still acute, but the range of indications is limited. This kind of therapy aims at the curative effect, but not at the sanitation of the stools, for which no reliable method exists. Any kind of infantile enteritis needs dietetic treatment.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1976

Acrodermatitis enteropathica: recent findings concerning clinical features, pathogenesis, diagnosis and therapy.

Acrodermatitis enteropathica (AE) was diagnosed in 2 siblings, boy and girl, at the age of 10 and 6 weeks. The family history is unremarkable except for consanguinity 5 generations previously. The clinical symptoms of the 2 patients conformed to the known features of AE, the gastrointestinal involvement loosing its significance with increasing age. In one patient in a stage of exacerbation the serum level of oleic acid (18:1) was lowered and of linoleic (18:2) acid slightly increased while that of arachidonic acid was decreased (Fig. 4). In both patients the serum zinc levels were significantly lowered. Under substitution with ZnSO4 the clinical condition improved and the serum zinc levels returned to normal. Histologically the small bowel mucosa was practically normal. Ultrastructural examination of jejunal biopsies revealed rather unspecific changes in the enterocytes in the form of numerous multivesicular bodies. The Paneth cells sometimes contained irregularly formed inhomogeneous structures within their cytoplasm. In addition the secretory granules varied in size and displayed a granular heteromorphic matrix. Frequently they were confluent and formed giant granules.

Acrodermatitis↗
PubMed1976

[The protective effect of human milk against infections and its potential causes (author's transl)].

The protective effect of breast feeding against infections is well proved by the experiences in underdeveloped countries and in industrial countries as well as shown by numerous investigations in several populations of different social structure. Various factors are meant to be responsible for this special property of human milk, the importance of which is to be discussed. The lysozyme and the lactoferrin are two different antibacterial factors well known since a long time, the former of which is mainly directed against grampositive organisms and against gramnegative ones only under special conditions. Lactoferrin is effective against E. coli and Staphylococcus as well. The neuraminic acid of which the human milk contains a larger quantity than cow's milk also inhibits the growth of E. coli and Staphylococcus. A further factor consisting of isomers of linoleic acid protects mice against lethal Staphylococcus - infections. The most important antibacterial principles of human milk are meant to be specific immunoglobulins, specially secretory IgA. The immunoglobulins are mainly important for the young baby in the early stage of life. The fecal bifidusflora specific for the breast-fed infant is also meant to be protective against several infections. The factors of human milk provoking this special kind of intestinal flora are to be discussed. In the artificial-fed infant bifidus flora like that of breast-fed one can arise by application of lactulose. Nowadays, bifidus-flora can probably be obtained by application of beta-lactose. It is suggested, that infants with bifidus-flora provoked by one of this means are protected against intestinal infections. The results of all investigations on mother's milk lead to the conclusion, that breast-feeding is the optimal kind of alimentation in the first time of life, not only concerning the composition of the food, but concerning protection against infections.

Breast Feeding↗