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Biomedical subjects

O H Jensen

Publications and source records attributed to O H Jensen.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

[Twin pregnancy. Results from the periods 1987-88 and 1900-93].

All twins delivered at Aker Hospital during the years 1987-88 and 1990-93 were registered in this study. However, from 1990 onwards, all mothers bearing twins received special antenatal care after the 28th week of pregnancy. This care consisted of Doppler sonography of the umbilical artery and estimates of foetal weight by ultrasonography at each visit. Comparing the foetal outcome in the years 1987-88 with that in 1990-93, it was found that the perinatal mortality rate decreased from 5.4% to 2.2% and the Apgar score at 5 minutes of age improved for both twins. Ultrasound foetometry and Doppler sonography are valuable tools for antenatal surveillance of twin gestation.

Female↗
PubMed1995

Prediction of fetal weights in twins.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the accuracy of sonographic weight estimation of twin fetuses. METHODS: In 73 twin-pregnancies, fetal weight estimation by ultrasound was performed within 7 days prior to delivery. Fetal head biparietal diameter and abdominal circumference were measured. The coefficient of correlation (r), and the ratio between estimated weight and actual weight were calculated. RESULTS: The coefficient of correlation was r = 0.954 between estimated weight and actual birth weight. The ratio between the two parameters was 1.025, the standard deviation 0.089. In our study, 41% of the antenatal estimated weights deviated less than 5% from the actual birth weight. For 72% of all estimated weights, the deviation was less than 10%. Ultrasonographic prediction of actual weight below the 10th percentile level showed a sensitivity of 85%, predictive value of 80% and specificity of 87%. In detecting inter-twin discordance > or = 20%, the respective values were 64%, 64% and 91%. CONCLUSIONS: Antenatal estimation of birth weight by ultrasound correlates well with the actual weights of twin fetuses. Prediction of individual fetal weight seems to be more accurate than prediction of inter-twin discordance.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Fetal heart rate decelerations and umbilical cord blood gas values.

Although fetal heart rate (FHR) monitoring is widely used for fetal surveillance, there is still disagreement about the value of cardiotocography and the interpretation of FHR patterns. We addressed this in a prospective study in which umbilical cord blood gas and pH values at the time of cesarean section were related to different FHR patterns classified prior to surgery. The patient population consisted of 56 pregnant women with singleton fetuses of gestational age between 37 and 43 weeks. Indication for cesarean section was late FHR decelerations in 16 cases and variable decelerations in 17. Twenty-three patients operated on electively, and without any FHR abnormalities, served as a reference group. Late FHR decelerations were associated with the lowest pH and PO2 levels in arterial as well as in venous blood. In the group with variable decelerations, the umbilical vein PO2 was similar to that of the reference group, whereas the PO2 value in the artery was significantly lower. Hence, in this clinical study a clear relationship was found between the different FHR patterns and changes in the acid-base balance.

Carbon Dioxide↗
PubMed1993

Doppler velocimetry and umbilical cord blood gas assessment of twins.

In 25 pairs of twins delivered by cesarean section, the flow velocity waveform in the umbilical artery was measured and the resistance index calculated. Umbilical artery and vein blood gases were measured at delivery. Results were tabulated by taking the difference in resistance indices between each fetus and plotting these values against the pO2-differences. The data revealed that index differences of more than 10 were of little value in detecting a pO2-difference of > 1 kPa, despite a sensitivity of 100%. The predictive value was only 41%, and specificity 44%. It was obvious, however, that a pO2-difference > 1 kPa occurred only when the resistance index was 76% or more in one fetus and below 76% in the other. The sensitivity of this index parameter was 100%, predictive value 64%, and specificity 78%. In conclusion, the pO2-level in a fetus seems to be unaffected by the impedance in umbilical circulation as long as the resistance index is below 76%. Above this value, there is a significant risk for fetal hypoxaemia.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Doppler velocimetry in twin pregnancy.

The flow velocity waveform profile in the umbilical artery was measured in 50 pairs of twins during the last week before birth. A significant association was found between high resistance indicies and occurrence of late fetal heart rate decelerations; the higher the resistance, the more frequent the decelerations. Further, the connection between high resistance in the circulation of the umbilical artery and low birth weight was confirmed. Flow velocity measurements in the umbilical artery seem to be a valuable tool in identifying twin fetuses suffering from placental insufficiency.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Functional testing in lumbar nerve root compression syndromes. An evaluation in patients with normal neurological findings.

A functional test using downhill walking was evaluated in relation to the myelographical examination in 33 patients with a suspected lumbar nerve root compression syndrome despite normal neurological findings. Any changes of motor or reflex signs or of straight leg raising were accepted as test results. They were noted in a decision matrix and the positive and negative predictive value (PPV and NPV, respectively) calculated. The PPV of any deterioration of the neurological status resulting from the test as a sign of abnormal myelographical findings was calculated to be approximately 85 per cent, the corresponding NPVs being approximately 50 per cent. In its present form, this functional test is inadequate as a screening procedure in these patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Evaluation of symphysis-fundus measurements and weighing during pregnancy.

To evaluate the value of using symphysis-fundus (SF) distance and maternal weight gain measurements in predicting an infant's birth weight, these measurements were analysed in 831 single-birth deliveries at Aker University Hospital during a period of 3 months. Of the 96 babies with a birth weight below the 10th percentile for gestational age, 39 (41%) could be detected by a series of SF-measurements. For every third correctly identified SGA (small for gestational age) baby, there were 7 false positive predictions. Only 13 (14%) of the mothers who gave birth to SGA babies demonstrated a weight gain at each medical check-up during pregnancy, whereas 197 (30%) of the women giving birth to normal-weight babies showed a weight gain each time (p = 0.02). However, for maternal weight gain, both predictive value (14%) and specificity (29%) were low. Hence, these two screening methods for the detection of SGA babies remain imprecise in practice. Test procedures should be improved, and factors influencing fetal growth should be emphasized to detect fetuses at risk.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1991

Prediction of fetal outcome by Doppler examination and by the non-stress test.

Ninety-four women with high-risk pregnancies were referred to the Aker University Hospital, Department of Obstetrics, and monitored by Doppler velocimetry and conventional cardiotocography. The peak systolic/end diastolic (A/B) ratio was measured in the velocity waveform obtained in the umbilical artery blood flow. The non-stress test (NST) was classified according to the Fischer scores. In this mixed group of high-risk pregnancies, the sensitivity of the A/B ratio to predict fetal growth retardation was 71%, predictive value 57% and specificity 77%. The corresponding values for NST were 39%, 65% and 90%. It is concluded that Doppler velocimetry is more sensitive than cardiotocography for identifying fetal growth retardation. In an attempt to further improve the detection rate of fetal pathology, the cases with abnormal NST scores were added to those with high A/B ratios and collectively defined as abnormal. In consequence, only an insignificant improvement in sensitivity (79%) could be achieved. When the A/B ratio is normal, there seems little justification for expending time, effort and resources in routine use of cardiotocography.

Blood Flow Velocity↗
PubMed1989

A new functional test in the diagnostic evaluation of neurogenic intermittent claudication.

A new functional test using downhill walking is described and evaluated in relation to the myelographical examination in 23 consecutive patients with neurogenic intermittent claudication. Discomfort and changes of the neurological status, emerging during the walk, were accepted as test results. They were noted in a decision matrix and the positive and the negative predictive values (PPV and NPV, respectively) calculated. The PPV of any symptom or any deterioration of the neurological status, resulting from this test as signs of a myelographical abnormality, was calculated to be 86 and 89 per cent, respectively, the corresponding NPV's being 50 and 40 per cent, respectively. The NPV of these parameters as signs of a myelographically verified lumbar spinal stenosis was calculated to be 100 per cent, the corresponding PPV's being 38 and 44 per cent, respectively. The development of "symptom-march" or of bilateral neurological signs during the walk was found to be of approximately the same diagnostical value. We conclude, that this function test may serve as a screening procedure in patients complaining of neurogenic intermittent claudication.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

The fibrinolytic system during short-term treatment with tenoxicam.

The effect of 20 mg tenoxicam once daily for 7 days on various components of the fibrinolytic system was studied in 10 healthy volunteers. Plasma plasminogen, antithrombin 3, and prekallikrein decreased significantly while plasma plasminogen activator inhibitor increased significantly. The medication did not affect fibrin plate lysis area or the plasma level of plasminogen activator, alpha-2-antiplasmin, alpha-2-macroglobulin, C1 inactivator or Factor XII. It is suggested that these changes may be caused by interference with hepatic enzyme systems. The reduction in plasma prekallikrein may indicate that tenoxicam exerts its anti-inflammatory effect by more than one mechanism.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

The level-diagnosis of a lower lumbar disc herniation: the value of sensibility and motor testing.

Sensibility and motor power were prospectively tested in 52 consecutive hospitalized patients with a lower lumbar disc herniation, verified by operation. The test results were noted in a decision matrix, and the positive and negative predictive values were calculated. The positive predictive value of disturbed sensation in the L5 dermatome, paresis of dorsiflexion of the foot and extension of the 4 lateral toes as signs of a herniation from the fourth lumbar disc was calculated to be 76 per cent, 69 per cent and 76 per cent, respectively, and the negative predictive value in each case to be approximately 50 per cent. The positive predictive value of altered sensibility in the S1 dermatome as a sign of a herniation from the fifth lumbar disc was found to be 50 per cent and the negative predictive value to be 62 per cent. It is concluded, that these tests very often give diagnostically specific information in patients with a herniation from the fourth lumbar disc and should therefore be performed if a lumbar root compression is suspected. They are, however, of limited value in the case of a protrusion from the fifth lumbar disc.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

The medial hamstring reflex in the level-diagnosis of a lumbar disc herniation.

Evaluation of the medial hamstring reflex (MHR) was included in the routine neurological examination of 52 hospitalized patients with a suspected lumbar disc protrusion. The MHR was tested in the supine patient with the hip slightly flexed, externally rotated and abducted. The ipsilateral knee was semiflexed and supported by one of the examiner's hands. The reflex muscle contraction was elicited by striking the index finger of the supporting hand placed on the tendons in question with a reflex hammer. The positive predictive value of an abnormal MHR as a sign of herniation from the fourth lumbar disc was found to be 85-89 per cent and the negative predictive value to be 51-61 per cent. The corresponding values when considering an abnormal Achilles tendon reflex as a sign of herniation from the fifth lumbar disc were calculated to be 67-84 per cent and 79-84 per cent, respectively. It is therefore recommended to include the MHR in the neurological examination of patients with a suspected lumbar disc protrusion.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

A man with nontraumatic symphysiolysis.

A case of nontraumatic symphysiolysis in a middle-aged man is described. In case of long-standing and unexplained discomfort in the lower abdomen in men, a radiographic examination with loading in order to evaluate the stability of the symphysis is recommended.

Combined Modality Therapy↗