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Biomedical subjects

O H Osborne

Publications and source records attributed to O H Osborne.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1999

Meanings of state hospital nursing. I: Facing challenges.

The purpose of this study was to describe the meaning of work for nurses employed in two state psychiatric hospitals. Nurses at both hospitals participated in designing and carrying out the research. In Phase I, nurses described situations in which they had been observers or participant observers and the way that they understood what was occurring in the situations described. The data from these descriptions were analyzed in collaboration with small groups of nurse co-investigators at each hospital. In Phase II, patterns of meaning identified in Phase I were checked and further refined based on focus groups and interviews with nurses at both hospitals. The interrelated dilemmas faced by nurses are discussed as (1) challenges in clinical decision making, (2) challenges regarding personal control, and (3) challenges of maintaining professional standards. Ways of meeting these challenges, coping, and making meaning are discussed in a companion article, "Meanings of State Hospital Nursing II: Coping and Making Meaning".

Focus Groups↗
PubMed1999

Meanings of state hospital nursing. II: Coping and making meaning.

The purpose of this study was to describe the meaning of work for nurses employed in two state psychiatric hospitals. A companion article, "Meanings of State Hospital Nursing I: Facing Challenges", (Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 13(1), 48-54), describes the study methods and the findings regarding the challenges in clinical decision making, personal control, and maintaining professional standards that nurses face in state hospital nursing. This article focuses on the ways that nurses meet the challenges, cope, and make meaning. These methods include taking pride in being able to cope with the challenges, maintaining watchfulness, narrowing of focus, valuing the ideal when it does occur, and constructing personal meanings. The article concludes with suggestions for supporting and enhancing the ways in which nurses cope and make meaning in their daily work in state hospitals.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1995

Jailed mothers: further explorations in public sector nursing.

1. The burgeoning population of women, particularly pregnant women, being incarcerated increases the need for psychosocial and maternal-child nurses employed in prisons. 2. The potential paradox of incarcerated women receiving better care in prisons than when free suggests the need for public sector psychosocial nurses to address issues of social justice. 3. The great majority of informants enthusiastically responded to the idea of a mother-infant corrections residential program. They suggested that more attention be given to prenatal care and preparation for labor and delivery than pregnant women historically received in prisons.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

The rise of public sector psychosocial nursing.

For a number of years, the Department of Psychosocial Nursing, University of Washington, engaged in a region-wide State-University collaboration with the Division of Mental Health authorities in states of the Pacific Northwest. This collaboration provided the basis for another 12 years of a Washington State Division of Mental Health-Department of Psychosocial Nursing contract to improve nursing in the state's two mental hospitals. This article describes the history, contractual relationships, and components of these projects. It concludes with a discussion of the consequences of these years of State-University cooperation, including conceptual issues, and the generation of the psychosocial nursing subspecialty, public sector psychosocial nursing.

Community Mental Health Services↗
PubMed1991

On public sector psychosocial nursing: a conceptual framework.

1. Nursing practice is driven more by its environment than by knowledge provided by faculty or even strong relationships between faculty and staff. Because that environment is publicly supported, programs reflect changes in the ideological environment. 2. The psychosocial nursing specialty incorporates psychiatric/mental health nursing and social sciences to reduce the negative environmental influences while increasing the positive ones. 3. Public sector psychosocial nurses must be familiar with changing laws and regulations as well as the history of hospital and community programs for the mentally ill; understand the complexity of society and that the state hospital is only one component of a large system; and contribute to the development of their subspecialty.

Health Facility Environment↗
PubMed1990

Intrahospital relocation of psychiatric patients and effects on aggression.

Aggression is a recurring problem with psychiatric patients and can pose special problems on inpatient units. The purpose of this study were to identify changes in patients aggression as a consequence of routine individual relocation and to identify the relationship of certain variables with patterns of aggression. Using an adaptation of the Overt Aggression Scale (Yudofsky, Silver, Jackson, Endicott, & Williams, 1986), data were collected from the patient records of 201 individuals who had been admitted to a state hospital and subsequently transferred to another ward in the same hospital. There was a phase by day interaction with the day-to-day pattern of aggression in the pretransfer phase differing significantly from that in the posttransfer phase. The highest mean aggression for a single day was the day following transfer; the second highest was the day before transfer. There were main effects for age and number of hospital admissions.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Forced relocation of hospitalized psychiatric patients.

By virtue of their disability and hospital program requirements, severely and chronically mentally ill patients are subject to involuntary transfer from the community to hospitals, within hospitals, between hospitals, and from hospitals to the community. These forced relocations, no matter how humanely they were initially conceived to be, have become highly routine. The consequence is loss of the sense of the patient as a human being with individual needs. This research elicited the patients' own descriptions and the meanings they attached to the experience of forced relocation. The findings point to the need for greater success of programs designed to keep patients in their home communities to the greatest extent possible. The findings also suggest the need for hospital staff to eliminate or reduce intrahospital transfers and to develop and maintain humane transfer procedures when forced relocation becomes necessary.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

A point prevalence study of alcoholism and mental illness among downtown migrants.

Since the 1960s the bulk of America's mentally ill have been deinstitutionalized to the community. A number of these people now live in the downtown areas of large cities in close association with the established vagrant culture which includes a significant portion of alcohol abusers. The bizarre and impoverished nature of the lives of these formerly institutionalized mentally ill citizens, coupled with their propinquity to government and business establishments, creates a social policy dilemma. A point prevalence study design was used to ascertain the demographic, physical, mental illness and alcohol abuse characteristics of a sample of a vagrant population which inhabits the downtown area of an American Northwest urban community. Analysis of the data of a sample of vagrants who frequent an emergency shelter and a single residence occupancy hotel demonstrated that the two groups were similar. Participants were predominantly male, white and in their mid thirties. Forty percent had never married and over 50% were high school educated and possess labor skills. Grouped data indicates that, in view of the dearth of literature describing the relationship of mentally illness and alcohol abuse, the psychiatric and alcohol use behavior of deinstitutionalized populations requires further study.

Adult↗