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Biomedical subjects

O Hansen

Publications and source records attributed to O Hansen.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

[Surgical therapy of sigmoid diverticulitis in elderly patients.--What decides against early elective resection].

The results of an offensive surgical approach to diverticulitis, aimed at early elective resection, have been analysed retrospectively for 377 patients. 36.9% of older patients (> 74 years, n = 65) showed significantly higher general complications than younger patients (< 75 years, n = 312) with 26.9% (p = 0.03); local complications (18.3% vs. 12.3%; old vs. young) and mortality (1.5% vs. 1%) were similar. Age over 74 years was not a risk factor for a high morbidity and mortality in multivariate analysis. In order patients a definitive treatment for diverticular disease is also possible with high and safe standards due to early elective resection without high morbidity and mortality.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

[Meningeal carcinomatosis in solid tumors].

Meningeal carcinomatosis (MC) originating from non-haematological tumours is a late event in the course of a malignant disease. MC must be suspected in patients with disperse neurological symptoms from at least two of the following three parts of the central nervous system: the brain, the cranial nerves, and the spinal cord, and if a discrepancy between symptoms and objective findings is found. A suspicion of MC must be confirmed by lumbar puncture and/or MR with Gadolinium in patients where a confirmation of MC will lead to active therapy. Therapy depends on tumour type, performance status of the patient, and present status of the malignant disease. Patients with good performance status and with a chemo-sensitive tumour are offered a combination of radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Median survival is one to three months and active therapy does not prolong survival with certainty. Therefore, therapy primarily aims at an improvement of quality of life for the patient.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1995

Binding of ADP to sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase in the absence of Mg2+ is specifically inhibited by thapsigargin: observations on the ligand stoichiometry.

The conditions of nucleotide binding to native, though partly purified, Ca(2+)-ATPase from SR as well as the stoichiometry of nucleotide and strontium binding and the phosphorylation capacity was reevaluated. Binding of MgADP appeared to be aberrant whereas even high-affinity binding of [14C]-ADP took place in the absence of Mg2+. Also low-affinity ATP binding was possible in the absence of divalent cations. A heterogeneity in ADP binding compatible with a two-component model in the absence of thapsigargin was changed to an apparent homogeneity of low-affinity receptors following a mole:mole interaction of enzyme and thapsigargin. Since the affinity of both components was reduced by thapsigargin, high- as well as low-affinity ADP binding seem to be specific and probably to the substrate receptor proper. Analysis of ADP binding isotherms in the absence of Mg2+ according to a model of two independent populations of sites was compatible with a binding capacity of 8.49 +/- 0.43 nmoles/mg protein corresponding to a molecular mass of 118 +/- 6 kD per ADP site. The same total binding capacity was found for ATP. The phosphorylation capacity corresponded to more than one and less than two approximately P per two 110-kD peptides (formally one approximately P per 154 kD protein). Specific binding of Ca2+ and the congener Sr2+ to SR Ca(2+)-ATPase was compatible with their interaction with a single population of sites. The binding capacity was equal to one divalent cation per nucleotide binding peptide. The binding of one nucleotide and one divalent cation per approximately 110 kD peptide and the absence of cooperativity in divalent cation binding might imply that Ca(2+)-ATPase works as a monomer.

Adenosine Diphosphate↗
PubMed1995

Measurement of the total concentration of functional Na+, K(+)-pumps in rumen epithelium.

Using the technique of vanadate-facilitated [3H]ouabain binding we have developed a simple and reliable assay for measuring the concentration of [3H]ouabain binding sites in small fresh or frozen biopsies of rumen epithelium papillae. In bovine and ovine rumen epithelium obtained from the cranio-ventral rumen sac the concentration of [3H]ouabain binding sites was 1.6-4.9 nmol g dry wt-1 (n = 32) and 3.7-5.2 nmol g dry wt-1 (n = 6), respectively. When incubated in oxygenated Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate buffer fresh biopsies of rumen epithelium maintained a high K+ and low Na+ content for at least 6 h. Na+ loading of the biopsies induced about 20-fold increase of the Na+, K(+)-pump activity based on measurement of ouabain suppressible net [86Rb+] influx. The ouabain suppressible net influx of [86Rb+] measured in Na+ loaded biopsies showed a close correlation to the [3H]ouabain binding capacity (r = 0.80, P < 0.01) and corresponded to 47 +/- 2% (n = 9) of the theoretical maximum flux rate. The ouabain suppressible net influx of K+ and [86Rb+] were linearly related (r = 0.73; P < 0.001). The net Na+ efflux was 1.21 times the net K+ influx. It is concluded that rumen epithelium has a large capacity for active Na+/K+ transport and that there is agreement between the concentration of [3H]ouabain binding sites in the epithelium and the ouabain suppressible rate of net [86Rb+] influx in Na+ loaded biopsies in spite of some uncertainty about the maximum turnover number of the Na+, K(+)-pump in rumen epithelium.

Absorption↗
PubMed1995

Navoban (tropisetron) alone and in combination with dexamethasone in the prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting: the Nordic experience. The Nordic Antiemetic Trial Group.

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Navoban (tropisetron) three different Nordic multicentre trials were conducted during the period 1988-92. In all, 1050 patients were recruited from 15 centres. In the first study, Navoban monotherapy was compared with a high-dose metoclopramide cocktail. In the second, Navoban +/- dexamethasone was evaluated for those patients not fully protected by Navoban alone. In the third trial, Navoban was evaluated for various chemotherapy regimens, for long-term efficacy, and for various risk groups of patients. Spontaneous intercycle variations were also evaluated. Navoban was found to be as effective as the antiemetic cocktail but with a more favourable spectrum of side effects and a simpler schedule of administration. Navoban was more effective during the acute than the delayed phase. Addition of dexamethasone significantly improved prevention of both acute and delayed emesis. Long term efficacy seemed to be stable up to 10 cycles of chemotherapy. Patients treated with noncisplatin regimens showed significantly higher protection rates than patients treated with cisplatin. Various cancer diagnoses and cytostatic agents were also evaluated. Gender and age were important risk factors. Navoban was found to be an efficacious antiemetic agent, especially regarding acute nausea and vomiting. Addition of a corticosteroid significantly improved the effect during highly emetogenic chemotherapy. The role of Navoban for delayed emesis must be evaluated in future trials. The two most common side effects were headache and constipation. Overall, Navoban was well tolerated and patient compliance with the drug was high.

Antiemetics↗
PubMed1994

[Efforts of general practitioners in the treatment of heart arrest in a rural area. A prospective pilot study].

During a two year period, general practitioners in a local area were called to all 112 alarms (the number dialled in Denmark in emergencies) in order to improve the prognosis of patients with cardiac arrest. In 55% of the calls, the practitioners arrived within five minutes, whereas the ambulance arrived within five minutes in only 16% of the cases (p < 0.01). Three of ten patients with cardiac arrest survived without cerebral damage. In 23% of the cases final treatment was completed by the local practitioner.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

A randomized, multicenter study comparing the efficacy and tolerability of tropisetron, a new 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, with a metoclopramide-containing antiemetic cocktail in the prevention of cisplatin-induced emesis.

BACKGROUND: Chemotherapy-induced emesis is one of the most disturbing side effects in cancer therapy. Thus, antiemetic treatment is a mandatory adjunct in emetogenic chemotherapy. METHODS: Tropisetron (Navoban, Sandoz Pharma Ltd., Basel, Switzerland), a new 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, was compared in a randomized multicenter trial with a high-dose metoclopramide-dexamethasone cocktail for the prevention of nausea and emesis during cisplatin-containing chemotherapy. Two hundred fifty-nine chemotherapy-naive patients were included and followed during two consecutive courses. The main cancer types were gynecologic tumors, followed by lung cancer, head and neck cancer, and bladder cancer. The cisplatin dose usually was in the range of 50-89 mg/m2. The efficacy and quality of life assessments and the safety recordings were done during the first 6 days of both courses of chemotherapy. RESULTS: Acute vomiting was prevented in 63-64% of patients by both antiemetic regimens. The total rate of control of vomiting increased from 63% on day 1 to 93% on day 6 in the group receiving tropisetron. Acute nausea was prevented in 40% of the patients with tropisetron monotherapy and in 61% of patients receiving the antiemetic cocktail. With regard to delayed nausea, there were no significant differences between the two antiemetic regimens. Mild headache and constipation were more frequently associated with tropisetron, and extra-pyramidal side effects and sedation were associated with the antiemetic cocktail. CONCLUSIONS: Tropisetron was easier to administer and better tolerated than the cocktail, and it seems to be a highly efficacious and safe new antiemetic drug.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Effects of carvedilol on the metabolic, hemodynamic, and electrocardiographic responses to increased plasma epinephrine in normal subjects.

To study the effects of the new vasodilating beta-blocking agent carvedilol on a variety of metabolic, hemodynamic, and ECG parameters of importance for the clinical outcome of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), we infused epinephrine (EPI) in healthy male volunteers on two separate occasions to serum concentrations of the same level reached in AMI. Before the EPI infusions, the volunteers were pretreated for 2 weeks with either carvedilol or placebo in randomized order. EPI caused significant decreases in serum levels: S-potassium (0.62 mM), S-magnesium (0.07 mM), S-calcium (0.12 mM), and S-phosphate (0.26 mM). After pretreatment with carvedilol, the decreases in S-calcium and S-phosphate were partly prevented and those in S-potassium and S-magnesium were completely inhibited. Short-term treatment with carvedilol significantly decreased S-insulin and serum C-peptide and significantly attenuated the EPI-induced increase in B-glucose observed after placebo. The EPI infusion significantly increased serum concentrations of free fatty acids and glycerol. These increases were significantly attenuated by carvedilol, whereas carvedilol had no significant affects of a variety of other lipid variables. EPI infusion caused a significant (p < 0.01) increase in systolic blood pressure (SBP) from 124.8 +/- 8.1 to 135.8 +/- 12.5 mm Hg and an increase in heart rate (HR) from 71.0 +/- 11.5 to 77.2 +/- 12.2, resulting in a significant increase in rate-pressure product (RPP). This estimate of cardiac work was significantly (p < 0.05) reduced by pretreatment with carvedilol.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1994

The human language faculty: genetically determined? An approach to testable hypotheses.

A kind of generation gap seems to divide researchers interested in the evolutionary status of the human language capacity. There is still opposition to the theory of a genetically determined universal or primal grammar. But although not well acquainted with the transformational-generative linguistic methodology that led to the hypothesis, an increasing number of linguists base their work with a "new grammar" on the acceptance of innateness of the human language faculty. It is proposed that dyslexia offers a hypothesis testable with the new advanced gene mapping, and that Creole Languages and Sign Languages of the Deaf may come to offer possibilities of similarly testable hypotheses.

Biological Evolution↗
PubMed1994

Influence of late side-effects upon daily life after radiotherapy for laryngeal and pharyngeal cancer.

The influence on daily life from long-term side-effects was studied in patients treated more than 5 years ago with radiotherapy for laryngeal and pharyngeal cancer. Forty-six patients were asked to participate in telephone interviews and 44 participated. Only a minority (10%) stated serious problems related to the treatment. Problems related to the voice and severe xerostomia were especially mentioned. Half of the patients treated for pharyngeal cancer, complained of xerostomia and had occasionally a feeling of being handicapped. Social relations were impaired in 10% of the patients and 10% had retired due to their cancer or therapy related side-effects. It is concluded that radiotherapy seems to be a well tolerated treatment with relatively little impairment of the daily life in patients with laryngeal cancer. In patients with pharyngeal cancer, xerostomia is a major problem, which often persists more than 5 years after treatment.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1993

Importance of the time interval between radiotherapy and surgery in oral cancer.

From 1969 to 1985, 62 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity received preoperative radiotherapy (RT) 40-50 Gy before radical surgery. The time interval between the end of the RT and surgery varied from 4 to 49 days (median 19 days). The cancer specific survival rate was significantly lower for the 32 patients with intervals longer than or equal to 19 days compared with patients with shorter intervals (P = 0.001). The reason for choosing a longer interval between the treatment modalities was not related to stage or performance status, however, a possibility that patients in poor condition were preferentially allocated to the long intertreatment interval group cannot be ruled out. This study suggests that when using combined modalities any effort should be exercised to reduce the time interval between the modalities.

Adult↗