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Biomedical subjects

O Ia Kaufman

Publications and source records attributed to O Ia Kaufman.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

[The effect of recombinant interleukin-2 on the course of experimental staphylococcal peritonitis in mice].

The effect of RIL-2 on the survival of mice with S. aureus--induced peritonitis was studied. Animals received bacterial suspension and RIL-2 as following: bacteria--on days 0, +2, RIL-2--day 0 (group 1); bacteria--days 0, +4, RIL-2--days 0, +2 (group 2); bacteria--days 0, +6, RIL-2--days 0, +2, +4 (group 3). RIL-2 exerted no protective effect in group 1. However, in groups 2 and 3, where the control animals survival was, resp., 56% and 38%, the RIL-2 treatment increased survival up to, resp., 84% and 70%. Antibiotics given instead of RIL-2 in analogous regimen decreased the survival in group 3 to the level of 25%. Thus, RIL-2 proved to be a potent therapeutic agent in the 2nd of 3d studied models of S. aureus--induced peritonitis in mice. The perspectives of RIL-2 use in the treatment of bacterial peritonitis, including porous ones, and of the immunodepression--aggravated conditions are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Morphogenesis of diabetic microangiopathy].

Skin biopsies from 40 patients 17 to 75 years old with type I and II diabetes mellitus were studied morphologically. The formation of diabetic microangiopathy starts with the damage of endotheliocytes, vascular permeability disturbance, activation of pericytes and smooth muscle elements with subsequent thickening of basal membranes and capillary and arteriole hyalinosis, these lesions being directly related to the duration of diabetes. Diabetic microangiopathy is a manifestation of the disease and its morphology is similar in both type I and II diabetes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Influence of recombinant interleukin-2 on the course and pathomorphology of intraperitoneal staphylococcal infection in mice].

Resistance to the lethal doses of the infectious agent (3 DL100) develops in mice 6 days after the intraperitoneal non-lethal dose of staphylococcus in combination with recombinant interleukin-2 (RIL-2). This effect may be due to the activation of T- and B-dependent zones of the regional lymph nodes and spleen, activation and proliferation of the liver stellate reticulo-endotheliocytes, enhancement of the phagocytic activity of the circulating neutrophil granulocytes. These structural and functional mechanisms may be due to both direct RIL-2 effect in combination with an antigenic stimulation and indirect effect through other interleukins produced by lymphocytes activated by RIL-2.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Disorders of the immune status in patients with acute diffuse peritonitis].

Analysis of various parameters of the immune system and non-specific resistance in patients with acute generalized peritonitis (AGP) has indicated that in AGP there is immunodeficiency involving all the links of immune defense and non-specific resistance. The T-cell immunity, primarily T helpers, is afflicted in AGP to the greatest extent. A magnitude of decreases in T helper counts may be used as a prognostic indicator in AGP. The severity of immune defense abnormalities correlates with the duration and intensity of intoxication, there is a "paralysis" of this defense in the terminal stage of AGP.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1991

[The controversial aspects of granulomatous inflammation].

The necessity of a new concept of nontumorous benign monocytosis is brought forward for discussion. It is suggested to include into the group of "granulomatous inflammation" chronic inflammation with epithelioid cell granulomas. Species peculiarities of rodents (mice and rats) are underlined, i.e. their capacity to form liver macrophagal proliferates as a response to various stimuli including antigenic and acute infectious ones.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Chronic interstitial lung diseases. The status of the problem].

Literature and original data on etiology, pathogenesis and morphogenesis of chronic nonspecific lung diseases provided the authors with evidence leading to conclusions on common pathogenesis of the above wide spectrum of the diseases characterized by affected intercellular relations in the lungs. Immunologic homeostasis is suggested as an essential factor resultant in the disease progression along the vicious circle in case of its defective functioning.

Antibody Formation↗
PubMed1990

[Pseudotumors of the orbit and their relationship to granulomatous inflammation].

Postoperative material of 225 orbitotomies studied in Helmholtz Research Institute of Eye Diseases for 5 years with the pathohistological diagnosis of chronic inflammation of the orbit tissues was analysed. Granulomatous inflammation was found in 28% of cases and its detailed description in 63 cases is given. Sarcoidosis, Wegener's granulomatosis and other forms of allergic vasculitis and idiopathic forms of "mixed" granulomas are observed around foreign bodies apart from ordinary granulomas. Granulomatous inflammation as a primary manifestation in the orbit of such systemic conditions as Wegener's granulomatosis and sarcoidosis was observed in some cases.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed1988

[The interrelation of the "local" and the "general" in inflammation].

The relationships between the local and the general in inflammation are analysed basing on the literature and original data. Local chemoattraction is postulated to be an underlying factor initiating primary local cooperation of cells relevant to inflammation. Being essential in this cooperation, macrophage seems to warrant both the local developments and triggering of general mechanisms of regulation which are relevant to control over subsequent secondary cell cooperation. The latter is biologically aimed at localization of the inflammation focus and separation of its pathogenic factors from intact internal medium. General mechanisms of inflammation control are provided by neuroendocrine, immune, vascular, coagulative, fibrinolytic and other systems, and operate through the products of the acute phase, by immune defence factors and rearrangement of nervous regulation of homeostasis in intact organs and tissues. The result of the regulation manifests with sequential presentation of the inflammation stages in time, correlation of local and general responses intensity. Eventually, local inflammation and lesion involve stress and intoxication which are not considered direct attributes of inflammation, nevertheless can influence general regulatory systems concerned with the course of local inflammation. It is concluded that inflammation implies dialectic unity of local and systemic responses of the body outlined to resolve inflammation and restore homeostasis.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[Some problems of the morphogenesis of bullous emphysema of the lungs].

The analysis of 93 cases of bullous pulmonary emphysema provided evidence for the significance of valvular mechanism of bulla formation operable at two levels: in small bronchi and bronchioles on the one hand and in the area of subpleural fibrosis on the other hand, the latter arising in the result of subpleural atelectasis or subpleural carnificating pneumonia. Relevant pathology is characterized by peripheral acinus situated tangentially to the pleural surface. Electron-microscopic examination revealed pneumocytes of the second type on the internal bulla surface.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Changes in the lung parenchyma in the early phases of bacterial toxemia and acute diffuse peritonitis in an experiment].

A comparative study of changes in the pulmonary parenchyma of guinea pigs with toxemia caused by intraperitoneal injection of staphylococcal toxin or Pseudomonas aeruginosa endotoxin and in those with peritonitis induced by i. p. injection of a suspension of human or guinea-pig feces has shown the changes to be rather similar in these conditions. In particular, as soon as 10 min after the onset of disease, signs of damage were detected in lung cells and capillary endotheliocytes of the blood-air barrier; later on, microthrombi were detected in pulmonary capillaries. In guinea pigs with feces-induced peritonitis, microfoci of pneumonia were seen. Following the injection of human fecal suspension, early signs of the sludge syndrome were present. The observed changes resembled those described for the adult respiratory distress syndrome (shock lung).

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome].

Literature data on etiology, immune disorders, pathological anatomy of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) was analysed. AIDS is a low-contagious disease, is most likely caused by retrovirus HTLV-III affecting a subpopulation of T-lymphocytes helpers. The disease develops in a small number of persons with antibodies to the mentioned virus, first of all, in homosexuals, drug addicts using parenteral administration of drugs; in patients with hemophilia. The progress of the disease is relatively slow, but at present the outcome of most AIDS cases is fatal. The main cause of mortality is association of intercurrent infectious diseases (viral, parasitic, fungal, bacterial) on the background of the impaired immunity. The autopsy picture is non-specific. The authors pay attention to the high frequency of Kaposi sarcoma among the patients with AIDS. Besides such diagnostic features as presence of antibodies to HTLV-III retrovirus and the clinical picture one should take into account changes in the lymph nodes, presence of viral particles in their bioptates, a high level of alpha-thymosin, a drastic reduction of T-lymphocytes in blood and especially of T-lymphocytes helpers.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1985

[Pulmonary granulomatosis in chronic active hepatitis of viral origin (report of a case)].

The authors describe pulmonary granulomatosis in a male patient with chronic active hepatitis of viral etiology with persistence of hepatitis B virus in blood serum and liver tissue. The presence of active virus infection with proven hepatitis B virus replication, evidenced by demonstration of HBeAg and HBcAb in blood serum, suggests an importance of universal etiological factor in the development of liver and lung lesions in the given patient, which is confirmed indirectly by demonstration of HBsAg in the cells of lavage fluid.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Structure and functional properties of the arterial system of the frog submandibular muscle as an object for studying working hyperemia].

Architectonics and ultrastructure of the arterial blood vessels of the frog submaxillary muscle are described. Intramuscular arterial vessels 100 divided by 8 micron in diameter have a single layer of smooth muscle cells (SMC), while SMC themselves look simplified and undifferentiated. The contacts between SMC in arterial vessels of all the sizes and myoendothelial contacts in the vessels 80-8 microns in diameter are noted. In the resting muscle, the arterial vessels of all the sizes show spontaneous changes in the diameter. During muscular contraction, the time course of the dilatation of different vessels is different, which is likely to be caused by vasomotion phase differences seen immediately before the contraction.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

[Action of low-frequency ultrasound on the peritoneum, peritoneal exudate cells and the course of experimental peritonitis].

The authors studied the action of low-frequency ultrasound on rat and guinea-pig peritoneal exudate cells during aseptic peritonitis, on the intact peritoneum of these animals, and on experimental peritonitis in guinea-pigs. It was shown that ultrasound "hammers in" India ink solutions and antibacterial drugs into the peritoneum and in combination with antibiotics, it increases the guinea-pig survival rate in peritonitis. Ultrasound was not found to produce a direct bactericidal effect in vivo. Exposure of peritoneal exudate to ultrasound (1 s/cm2) demonstrated an increase in chemotaxis of neutrophil leukocytes to autologic serum and appreciable phagocytic activity. A longer exposure (up to 3-5 s/cm2 or 6-8 s/cm2) resulted in the partial damage to the peritoneum. Leukocytes, mesotheliocytes and subperitoneal striated muscles were found to be especially sensitive to ultrasound.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

[Leukocyte cytoskeleton under normal and pathological conditions].

Like other cells, leukocytes have the cellular skeleton comprising microtubules, actine, myosine, and intermediate filaments. Elements of the cellular skeleton are connected with receptors on the plasma membrane surface and determine the distribution density of these receptors. There is functional relationship between microtubules and actine filaments, in particular, microtubules determine uniform distribution of actine filaments in the cell cytoplasm. The basic principle of functioning of the cellular skeleton consists of the process of polymerization and reversible depolymerization of proteins forming components of the cellular skeleton. These processes are regulated by Ca2+, calmoduline, as well as by the ratio of cyclic adenosine monophosphate and guanidine monophosphate in the cell. The cellular skeleton determines the most important functions of leukocytes: their mobility, binding and absorption of various substances, processes of degranulation, fusion of granules with phagocytic vacuole. Cellular skeleton defects are accompanied by recurrent bacterial infections. Several such defects are known: leukocyte actine dysfunction syndrome, Chediak-Higashi syndrome, syndrome with marked increase in the content of cGMP and microtubules in leukocytes. In these syndromes, the therapeutic effect is achieved with the substances which regulate the level of cyclic nucleotides in leukocytes, among them large doses of ascorbic acid.

Arachidonic Acids↗