The impact of delayed graft function on graft survival in living donor kidney transplantation.
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ABO Blood-Group System↗
Biomedical subjects
O J Kwon
Publications and source records attributed to O J Kwon.
Distribution of B/K protein in rat brain.
B/K protein is a recently isolated member of the double C2-like-domain protein family, which is highly abundant in rat brain. We generated high-titer rabbit polyclonal antibodies with specificity to the 55-kDa rat B/K protein, and examined the expression pattern of B/K protein in rat brain using an immunohistochemical staining method. Immunoreactivity to B/K protein was widely found in distinct regions of rat brain: strongly in the hypothalamus, most of the circumventricular organs, the locus coeruleus, the A5 neurons of the pons, and the anterior pituitary; moderately in the anterior olfactory nucleus, the raphe nucleus, the subfornical organ, and the median eminence; and faintly in the olfactory bulb, the telencephalon, the substantia nigra pars compacta, and the ventral tegmental area. In contrast, immunoreactivity to B/K protein was not observed in the thalamus, the cerebellum, the posterior pituitary, or the spinal cord. In most of the B/K-expressing neurons, immunoreactivity was expressed mainly in soma but not in nerve fibers. B/K was also expressed in nonneuronal cells such as the tanycytes and the subcommissural organ. In the vasopressin-secreting supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus, the site where B/K cDNA was originally isolated from, all of the neurons showing vasopressin immunoreactivity also expressed B/K protein, suggesting an overlap of their expression patterns.
Age Factors↗
Immunogenetics of HLA class II in Israeli Ashkenazi Jewish, Israeli non-Ashkenazi Jewish, and in Israeli Arab IDDM patients.
The distribution of HLA class II alleles and genotypes in IDDM patients was examined in the three main Israeli ethnic groups: Ashkenazi Jews, non-Ashkenazi Jews, and Arabs. Molecular sequence specific oligonucleotide probe analysis was performed for DRB1, DQA1, and DQB1 genes. The DRB1*03011, DQA1*05 DQB1*02/DRB1*0402, DQA1*03, DQB1*0302 genotype was found to be the main susceptibility genotype in all three groups, with differences in the degree of association. In addition to DRB1*0402 (more frequent among Ashkenazi Jews), DRB1*0405, another subtype of DRB1*04, was found to be more prevalent among non-Ashkenazi Jews and Arabs. Many alleles were found to be negatively associated with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). This could be a result of the high frequency of susceptible alleles, or of linkage disequilibrium to a primary negatively associated allele. The strongest negative association was observed for DQB1*0301 in all three ethnic groups. The alleles DRB1*1401, DRB1*1501, DQB1*05031, DQB1*0602, and DQB1*0609 were not detected in any of the 202 IDDM patients, and are probably either strongly protective or in linkage with such alleles. Despite the differences found between the three ethnic groups, an overall analysis shows that the DRB1*04 alleles that account for susceptibility to IDDM in the Israeli population (DRB1*0402 and *0405) are the same as those responsible for susceptibility to IDDM in a number of other Mediterranean populations. In contrast, the susceptible allele in most Caucasian populations is DRB1*0401. It is noteworthy that the susceptible alleles DRB1*0402/05 for Mediterranean and DRB1*0401 for Caucasian populations are also frequent in the respective healthy populations. These findings support the results obtained in other studies, which point to a genetic relationship between the Israeli and Mediterranean populations.
Alleles↗
Inactivation of catalase and superoxide dismutase by singlet oxygen derived from photoactivated dye.
Both superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase are key enzymes in the antioxidant system of the cells that work to maintain low steady-state concentrations of the reactive oxygen species. When exposed to a singlet oxygen-producing system composed of dye, such as methylene blue or rose bengal, and visible light both SOD and catalase were susceptible to oxidative modification and damage as indicated by the loss of activity, fragmentation and aggregation of peptide as well as by the formation of carbonyl groups. Histidine, a powerful quenching agent for singlet oxygen, and the polyamines, such as spermine and spermidine, were effective at protecting the activity loss mediated by illuminated dye, whereas spin traps were only mildly effective. The structural alterations of modified enzymes were indicated by the increase in susceptibility to proteases, the change in absorption spectra and in fluorescence spectra. The singlet oxygen-mediated damage to SOD and catalase may result in the perturbation of cellular antioxidant defense mechanisms and subsequently lead to a pro-oxidant condition.
Animals↗
Ceruloplasmin enhances DNA damage induced by cysteine/iron in vitro.
Ceruloplasmin (Cp) was found to promote the oxidative damage to DNA in vitro, as evidenced by the formation of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine and strand breaks, when incubated with a cysteine metal-catalyzed oxidation system (Cys-MCO) comprised of Fe(3+), O(2), and cysteine as an electron donor. The capacity of Cp to enhance oxidative damage to DNA was inhibited by hydroxyl radical scavengers such as sodium azide and mannitol, a metal chelator, diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid, a spin-trapping agent, 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide (DMPO) and catalase. Ceruloplasmin also caused the two-fold enhancement of a mutation in the pUC18 lacZ' gene in the presence of Cys-MCO when measured as a loss of alpha-complementation. Incubation of Cp with Cys-MCO resulted in an increase in the content of carbonyl groups and the significant alteration of the ferroxidase activity, as well as the proteolytic susceptibility. The deoxyribose assay and the salicylate hydroxylation assay showed that hydroxyl free radicals were generated in the reaction of Cp with Cys-MCO. The release of a portion of Cu from Cp was observed, and conformational alterations were indicated by the changes in fluorescence spectra. Based on these results, we interpret the enhancing effect of Cp on DNA damage and mutagenicity induced by Cys-MCO as due to reactive oxygen species, probably hydroxyl free radicals, formed by the reaction of free Cu(2+), released from oxidatively damaged Cp, and H(2)O(2) produced by Cys-MCO. The release of Cu from Cp during oxidative stress could enhance the formation of reactive oxygen species and could also potentiate cellular damage.
8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine↗
Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the lung: clinical, CT, and pathologic findings in 11 patients.
The purpose of this study was to describe the clinical, computed tomographic (CT), and pathologic findings of large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) of the lung. CT and pathologic findings as well as clinical features of surgically proven LCNEC of the lung were reviewed retrospectively in 11 consecutive patients (eight men and three women; mean age, 63 years; range, 44-77 years). Chest CT showed peripheral mass or nodule (n = 8) and central mass with distal atelectasis (n = 3). Six tumors were accompanied by mediastinal (n = 3) and hilar (n = 3) lymph node enlargement at CT. On pathologic examination, all resected tumors showed necrosis of variable extent (mean: 38%, range; 10-70%). The areas of intrinsic lipoid pneumonia and tumor emboli in two patients appeared at CT as areas of ground-glass opacity surrounding the tumor. Mediastinal nodal metastases were seen in three (27%) patients. Pathologic staging of 11 patients was IB in six, IIA in one, IIB in one, IIIA in two, and IIIB in one. Follow-up data showed extrathoracic metastases in four patients at mean follow-up period of 15 months. One patient died of distant metastasis 5 months after the surgery. CT findings of LCNEC of the lung are nonspecific and similar to those of other non-small cell lung cancers and extrathoracic metastasis is seen in approximately one third of the patients with follow-up study.
Adult↗
Type 1 diabetes environmental factors and correspondence analysis of HLA class II genes in the Yemenite Jewish community in Israel.
OBJECTIVE: The Israeli Yemenite Jewish community has displayed an exceptionally rapid increase in the frequency of type 1 diabetes, having the highest rate of all Israeli ethnic groups. We studied the role of the environment, in relation to the nature and frequency of HLA class II genes, to evaluate its possible involvement in the development of diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We interviewed 196 elderly Yemenite women, who had immigrated to Israel as adults, in programmed encounters about signs and symptoms of type 1 diabetes, infant feeding customs, and infectious diseases in Yemen. We also performed HLA oligotyping of DRB1, DQA1, and DQB1 genes in 120 unrelated Yemenite Jews, including 44 type 1 diabetic patients and 76 healthy control subjects, and used these data in correspondence analysis comparing Yemenites with different Israeli ethnic groups. RESULTS: Interviews indicated that early exposure to cow's milk was very common in Yemen. However, none of the women could recall classical presentations of diabetes. HLA oligotyping showed that gene frequencies of non-Asp-57 (of the HLA-DQB chain) in the patients (0.94) and control subjects (0.6) were similar to those of other populations with a known high incidence of type 1 diabetes. Correspondence analysis revealed that Yemenite Jews are genetically distinct from other ethnic groups in Israel. CONCLUSIONS: The genetic distinctiveness of Yemenite Jews may explain their unusually high incidence of type 1 diabetes in Israel. Despite the presence of highly susceptible diabetogenic HL4 class II genes in this community, early exposure to cow's milk did not cause phenotypic expression of diabetes in Yemen. This finding suggests that in this population, either cow's milk does not play a crucial role in triggering diabetes, or environmentally conferred protection, such as frequent infectious disease in Yemen, was dominant.
Adult↗
Predictors for benign solitary pulmonary nodule in tuberculosis-endemic area.
BACKGROUND: Solitary pulmonary nodule (SPN) may show different presentation in tuberculosis (TB)-endemic countries. The aim of this study was to identify clinical and radiological predictors favoring benign or malignant SPN in TB-endemic region. METHODS: Two hundred one SPNs in 201 consecutive Korean patients were included (< 3 cm in diameter, all confirmed by pathology or bacteriology, 93 benign and 108 malignant diseases). For clinical parameters, age, sex, smoking status and amount, and past history of pulmonary tuberculosis and diabetes mellitus were investigated retrospectively. For radiological parameters, size, location, margin characteristics, presence of calcification, pleural tag, surrounding satellite nodule, cavitation, internal low attenuation, open bronchus sign, surrounding ground-glass opacity, enhancement pattern of the SPNs and mediastinal lymph node (LN) enlargement were analyzed on chest CT scans. RESULTS: Patients with a older age (60.7 +/- 9.6 vs 56.2 +/- 13.1, p = 0.008) and more than 40-pack years smoking (27.8% vs 14.0%, p = 0.017) were more frequently related with malignant than benign SPN. On chest CT scans, spiculated margin, contrast enhancement more than 20 Hounsfield unit and presence of pleural tag and mediastinal LN enlargement were more frequently observed in malignant than benign SPNs. In contrast to previous studies, satellite lesions (21.5% vs 1.9%, p < 0.001) and cavitation (20.4% vs 5.6%, p = 0.001) were more frequently seen in benign than malignant SPN. Positive predictive values of benignity were 90.9% and 76.0%, respectively, when satellite lesions and cavitation were found in cases of SPN. CONCLUSION: Satellite lesions and cavitation on chest CT scan could be useful predictors for benign SPN in TB-endemic areas.
Adult↗
Expression of brain/kidney protein in Müller cells of rat retina following transient ischemia.
We have investigated the expression and cellular localization of brain/kidney (B/K) protein in the rat retina following transient ischemia. In the normal retina, strong B/K immunoreactivity was localized to some ganglion cells. In addition, a few radial Muller cell processes showed B/K immunoreactivity. Following ischemia and reperfusion, most B/K-labeled ganglion cells were lost, whereas between 1 day and 2 weeks post-lesion B/K immunoreactivity appeared in many more Muller cell processes with increasing intensity. Quantitative evaluation by immunoblotting confirmed that B/K expression then decreased progressively, to 35% of control values at four weeks post-lesion. Our findings suggest that Muller cells are involved in the pathophysiology of retinal ischemia through the expression of B/K following transient ischemia.
Animals↗
The expression and cellular localization of brain/kidney protein in the rat retina.
Brain/kidney (B/K) protein is a new protein of 474 amino acids, which contains two C2 domains structurally homologous to those present in synaptotagmins. The expression of B/K protein was identified in the rat retina and B/K protein immunoreactivity was localized to a number of ganglion cells, a few amacrine cells and the radial processes of Müller cells. Thus, B/K protein appears to be important in the homeostasis in these cells of the rat retina.
Animals↗
Efficacy of tacrolimus in primary kidney transplant patients: multicenter, open-label prospective study.
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ABO Blood-Group System↗
Grain dust induces IL-8 production from bronchial epithelial cells: effect on neutrophil recruitment.
BACKGROUND: There have been several investigations suggesting an involvement of activated neutrophils in the development of grain dust (GD)-induced occupational asthma. Interleukin-8 in the sputa from GD-induced asthmatic patients increased significantly after the exposure to GD. OBJECTIVE: To confirm IL-8 production from bronchial epithelial cells when exposed to GD, and to evaluate the role of IL-8 on neutrophil recruitment. MATERIALS AND METHOD: We cultured Beas-2B, a bronchial epithelial cell line. To observe GD-induced responses, four different concentrations ranging from 1 to 200 microg/mL of GD were incubated for 24 hours and compared with those without incubation of GD. To evaluate the effect of pro-inflammatory cytokines on IL-8 production and neutrophil chemotaxis, epithelial cells were incubated with peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) culture supernatant derived from subjects with GD-induced asthma exposed to 10 microg/mL of GD, and then compared with those without addition of PBMC supernatant. The level of released IL-8 in the supernatant was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Neutrophil chemotactic activity of the culture supernatant was determined by modified Boyden chamber method. RESULTS: Interleukin-8 production and neutrophil chemotactic activity from bronchial epithelial cells significantly increased with additions of GD in a dose-dependent manner (P < .05, respectively), and were significantly augmented with additions of PBMC supernatant (P < .05, respectively) at each concentration. Close correlation was noted between neutrophil chemotactic activity and IL-8 level (r = 0.87, P < .05). Compared with the untreated sample, pre-treatment of anti-IL-8 antibody induced a significant suppression (up to 67.2%) of neutrophil chemotactic activity in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that IL-8 produced from bronchial epithelial cells may be a major cytokine, which induces neutrophil migration into the airways when exposed to GD.
Antibodies↗
Partial liquid ventilation shows dose-dependent increase in oxygenation with PEEP and decreases lung injury associated with mechanical ventilation.
PURPOSE: The purpose of this article is to evaluate the effect of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) during partial liquid ventilation (PLV) and to investigate if lung damage associated with mechanical ventilation can be reduced by PLV. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-two New-Zealand white rabbits were ventilated in pressure-controlled mode maintaining constant tidal volume (10 mL/kg). Lung injury was induced by repeated saline lavage (PaO2 < 100 mm Hg). Two incremental PEEP steps maneuvers (IPSMs) from 2 to 10 cm H2O in 2 cm H2O steps were performed sequentially. The control group received the first IPSM in the supine position and were turned prone for the second IPSM. In the PLV group (n = 7), 12 mL/kg of perfluorodecalin was instilled after lung injury before the two IPSMs. The early prone group (n = 7) received both IPSMs in the prone position. Parameters of gas exchange, lung mechanics, and hemodynamics as well as pathology were examined. RESULTS: During the first IPSM, the PLV group showed a significant increase in PaO2 after instillation of perfluorodecalin (P < .05) and then showed a dose-dependent increase in PaO2 with PEER. The control and EP groups showed improvement in PaO2 only at higher PEEP, eventually showing no intergroup differences at PEEP of 10 cm H2O. During the second IPSM only the PLV group retained its ability to increase PaO2 to the level obtained during the first IPSM (P < .05 compared with control and EP groups). During the first IPSM all three groups showed increasing trend in static compliance (Cst) with PEEP peaking at PEEP of 8 cm H2O. During the second IPSM, only the PLV group showed increase in static compliance with PEEP (P < .05 compared with other groups). Lung histology revealed significantly less hyaline membrane formation in the PLV group (P < .05). CONCLUSION: PLV shows dose-dependent increase in oxygenation with PEEP and may reduce lung damage associated with mechanical ventilation.
Analysis of Variance↗
Extensive acute lung injury following limited thoracic irradiation: radiologic findings in three patients.
The aim of our study was to describe the radiologic findings of extensive acute lung injury associated with limited thoracic irradiation. Limited thoracic irradiation occasionally results in acute lung injury. In this condition, chest radiograph shows diffuse ground-glass appearance in both lungs and thin-section CT scans show diffuse bilateral ground-glass attenuation with traction bronchiectasis, interlobular septal thickening and intralobular smooth linear opacities.
Acute Disease↗
HLA class II susceptibility to multiple sclerosis among Ashkenazi and non-Ashkenazi Jews.
OBJECTIVE: To look for HLA class II alleles and haplotypes conferring susceptibility to multiple sclerosis (MS) in the Jewish population of Israel. DESIGN: Population-based cohort of clinically definite patients with MS tested prospectively over 7 years. SETTING: Referral center in a neurology clinic at a university hospital in the greater Jerusalem area in Israel. PATIENTS: A total of 162 consecutive patients with clinically definite MS from the 2 main ethnic Jewish groups in Israel: 104 Ashkenazi (80 with a relapsing remitting or secondary progressive and 24 with a primary chronic progressive course of the disease) and 58 non-Ashkenazi (36 with a relapsing remitting or secondary progressive course and 22 with a primary chronic progressive course of the disease), matched with 132 Ashkenazi and 120 non-Ashkenazi healthy controls. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The relationship between the various HLA class II alleles and haplotypes and MS, as defined by the polymerase chain reaction and sequence-specific oligonucleotide probe hybridization, among the Ashkenazi and the non-Ashkenazi Jewish sections and with respect to the different clinical courses of the disease. RESULTS: The haplotype DRB1*1501, DQA1*0102, DQB1*0602 was found to be associated with MS among both Ashkenazi and non-Ashkenazi patients (P<.001 and P =.04, respectively). Among the non-Ashkenazi patients, a new association of haplotypes DRB1*1303, DQA1*05, and DQB1*030 with MS was detected (P = .03). The MS susceptibility alleles, DRB 1* 1501, DQA1*0102, and DQB1*0602 , were found in association with the Ashkenazi patients (P<.001, P=.02, and P=.01, respectively); DRB1*1501 and DRB1*1303 were more frequently observed among the non-Ashkenazi patients (P = .03, P = .04, respectively). On subdivision of the patients into clinical subgroups, associations of DRB1*0801, DQA1*0102, DQA1*0401, and DQB1*0602 with primary chronic progressive MS among the Ashkenazi patients were evident (P = .03, P = .04, P = .04 and P = .05, respectively), whereas DRB1* 1501, DRB1*03011, and DQB1*0602 were associated with relapsing remitting or secondary progressive among the non-Ashkenazi patients (P = .05, P = .05, and P = .03, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: This study, unlike previous ones, is the first to show a significant association between HLA class II alleles and MS in the Jewish population. The association with the HLA-DR2-related haplotype is similar to that among non-Jewish white patients with MS. Moreover, our data support the possibility that DRB1*1501 is the susceptibility allele responsible for the association between this haplotype and MS in the Jewish population. Our study also underscores differences in HLA profiles between Ashkenazi and non-Ashkenazi patients, and between the different clinical courses of the disease. The latter may indicate that the clinical courses of MS are influenced by the genetic background.
Alleles↗
Molecular analysis of HLA class II polymorphisms among different ethnic groups in Israel.
The Jewish population in Israel comprises of inhabitants of heterogeneous ethnic backgrounds. Genetic studies classify the Israeli Jewish population into two major groups: Ashkenazi from Central and Eastern Europe and Sephardic or non Ashkenazi, from the Mediterranean and North Africa. The present study was aimed at elucidating the differential influx of HLA class II alleles in Ashkenazi, in various non-Ashkenazi subgroups and in Israeli Moslem Arabs. Using the PCR-SSOP technique, a large number of alleles were detected at each of the loci examined (DRB1, DQA1 and DQB1). In addition, gene frequencies, characteristic DR/DQ linkage disequilibria, population distance and their corresponding dendogram, were used to study the relationship between Israelis as a group, non Jewish Caucasians and Blacks. These populations could be grouped into three main clusters: the first consists of all the Israeli groups with the exception of the Ethiopian Jews; the second consists of non Jewish Caucasians, with a clear distinction seen between Israelis and non Jewish Europeans and U.S. Caucasians; the third, composed of Blacks, is distinctly different from the other populations. Ethiopian Jews were found to be closer to the Blacks than to any of the Israeli Jewish groups. We have shown that Jews share common features, a fact that points to a common ancestry. A certain degree of admixture with their pre-immigration neighbors exists despite the cultural and religious constraints against intermarriage.
Alleles↗
Grain dust induces IL-8 production from bronchial epithelial cells: the effect of dexamethasone on IL-8 production.
BACKGROUND: Recent publications have suggested an active participation of neutrophils to induce bronchoconstriction after inhalation of grain dust (GD). OBJECTIVE: To further understand the role of neutrophils in the pathogenesis of GD-induced asthma, this investigation was designed to determine whether human bronchial epithelial cells could produce IL-8 production and to observe the effect of dexamethasone on IL-8 production. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We cultured Beas-2B, a bronchial epithelial cell line. To observe GD-induced responses, four concentrations (1 to 200 microg/mL) of GD were incubated for 24 hours and compared with those without incubation of GD. To evaluate the effect of pro-inflammatory cytokines on IL-8 production, epithelial cells were incubated with peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) culture supernatant, which was derived from the culture of PBMC from a GD-induced asthmatic subject under the exposure to 10 microg/mL of GD, and compared with those cultured without addition of PBMC supernatant. The level of released IL-8 in the supernatant was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. To evaluate the effect of dexamethasone on IL-8 production, four concentrations (5 to 5000 ng/mL) of dexamethasone were pre-incubated for 24 hours and the same experiments were repeated. RESULTS: There was significant production of IL-8 from bronchial epithelial cells with additions of GD in a dose-dependent manner (P < .05), which was significantly augmented with additions of PBMC supernatant (P < .05) at each concentration. Compared with the untreated sample, pretreatment of dexamethasone could induced a remarkable inhibitions (15% to 55%) of IL-8 production from bronchial epithelial cells in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that IL-8 production from bronchial epithelial cells may contribute to neutrophil recruitment occurring in GD-induced airway inflammation. The downregulation of IL-8 production by dexamethasone from bronchial epithelial cells may contribute to the efficacy of this compound in reducing cellular infiltration and ultimately to its anti-inflammatory property.
Bronchi↗
Genome-wide screen for systemic lupus erythematosus susceptibility genes in multiplex families.
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is the prototype of human autoimmune diseases. Its genetic component has been suggested by familial aggregation (lambdas = 20) and twin studies. We have screened the human genome to localize genetic intervals that may contain lupus susceptibility loci in a sample of 188 lupus patients belonging to 80 lupus families with two or more affected relatives per family using the ABI Prism linkage mapping set which includes 350 polymorphic markers with an average spacing of 12 cM. Non-parametric multipoint linkage analysis suggests evidence for predisposing loci on chromosomes 1 and 18. However, no single locus with overwhelming evidence for linkage was found, suggesting that there are no 'major' susceptibility genes segregating in families with SLE, and that the genetic etiology is more likely to result from the action of several genes of moderate effect. Furthermore, the support for a gene in the 1q44 region as well as in the 1p36 region is clearly found only in the Mexican American families with SLE but not in families of Caucasian ethnicity, suggesting that consideration of each ethnic group separately is crucial.
Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1↗