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Biomedical subjects

O Johansen

Publications and source records attributed to O Johansen.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Increments in glucose, glucagon and insulin after morphine in rats, and naloxone blocking of this effect.

In awake rats adapted to experimental conditions and allowed food ad libitum, hyperglycemia was induced by the administration of morphine 10 mg/kg through indwelling catheters in the external jugular vein. High glucose values were measured at 5, 15 and 25 min. Glucagon values were high at 5 and 15 min, and again at basal level at 25 min. Insulin was increased after morphine both at 5, 15 and 25 min, whereas somatostatin levels did not change after morphine. When morphine was administered together with naloxone after an initial 10 min period of naloxone administration, there was no increment in glucose, insulin or somatostatin values; neither at 5, 15 or 25 min. There was a remarkable glucagon decrease after naloxone and morphine remaining from 5 to 25 min. Then, one of the possible mechanisms for the hyperglycemic response after morphine may be an opioid effect on pancreas, stimulating glucagon and thereby causing hepatic glucose output.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Birger Malling's pioneer period as an ophthalmologist in Tromsø].

Birger Malling (1884-1989) was professor of ophthalmology at the University of Oslo from 1939 to 1954. He spent his first and very active years as a practicing ophthalmologist in Tromsø from 1913 to 1922. Based on interviews, patient journals, notes and publications, this article presents interesting and entertaining fragments of this pioneer period north of the Polar Circle. Malling regarded reconstructive surgery performed by himself on a severely multilated Lapp woman as one of his greatest triumphs. In a lecture in 1921 Malling described a characteristic membrane on the anterior surface of the lens in the pupillary field in glaucomatous eyes. He wrote to Alfred Vogt (1879-1943) in Zürich about his findings, but never received a reply. Vogt later published this finding as his own discovery, with no reference to Malling.

Eye Diseases↗
PubMed1990

Effects of insulin on mononuclear leukocyte beta-adrenoceptor density and adenylate cyclase coupling.

The effects of insulin on human beta-adrenoceptor density and isoproterenol-induced cyclic AMP (cAMP) accumulation were characterized in mononuclear leukocytes from healthy subjects. In cells equilibrated with theophylline (4 mM) at 37 degrees C, insulin (4 microU/ml) was present in periods from 1 to 35 min prior to stimulation. The basal cAMP levels were not influenced. After 1 min pretreatment with insulin, the (-)-isoproterenol concentration necessary to cause half-maximal stimulation (EC50) decreased from 260 to 170 nM (P less than 0.025) and the maximal (-)-isoproterenol response above basal increased from 44 to 63 pmol/10(6) cells (P less than 0.01). The short exposure to insulin caused an increase in the number of functional beta-adrenoceptors from 1420 to 2160 receptors/cell (P less than 0.01). The increased (-)-isoproterenol responsiveness showed a time-dependent decline. When insulin had been present for 35 min before stimulation, the EC50 value had increased to 600 nM (P less than 0.01 vs. control) and the maximal (-)-isoproterenol response above basal was reduced to 29 pmol/10(6) cells (P less than 0.01 vs. control). The receptor density decreased to the pretreatment value (1480 receptors/cell) after 35 min exposure to insulin. The present study shows that insulin modifies the beta-adrenoceptor density as well as the beta-adrenoceptor coupling to adenylate cyclase, dependent on the duration of exposure.

Adenylyl Cyclases↗
PubMed1989

[Alcohol and head injuries].

42 patients with epidural haematoma were operated upon in the surgical department of the regional hospital, Tromsø, in the years 1967-1985. Clinical evaluation showed that 17 of these patients (40.5%) were intoxicated by alcohol at the time of trauma. 14 of the intoxicated (82.4%) but only 7 (28%) of the sober patients, had been injured either in the evening or at night. 13 in the intoxicated group (76.5%) and 10 in the sober group (40%) were hurt by falling or as a result of violence. 15 of the sober group (60%) and 4 intoxicated patients (23.5%) arrived less than 4 hours after the accident. We found a significant difference between the two groups as regards the time lag between accident and arrival at Tromsø hospital.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Double-blind study of naproxen vs placebo in the treatment of acute migraine attacks.

Naproxen was compared with placebo in a double-blind, crossover trial in classic and common migraine. The trial was terminated at a fixed date; 37 patients had entered, 5 of whom were excluded. Naproxen was given as 750 mg at the first symptom of the attack, a total of 1250 mg per 24 h was allowed. Patients were followed for six attacks or three months in each phase, whichever came first. The severity of the headache was significantly less with naproxen in the first 2 h of the attack (p = 0.047), whereas there was no difference when the whole attack was considered. Significantly more patients preferred naproxen (p = 0.042). Side effects occurred in five patients, causing withdrawal of one patient while on naproxen.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1989

[Illustrations in medical education].

Two different anatomical illustrations of the shoulder were shown to two groups of students, in order to see what they had absorbed. Both figures were of the dorsal aspect of the shoulder. One figure (A) was from a current anatomical atlas, containing abundant details. The other (B) was a schematic drawing including scapula, humerus and three of the dorsal muscles. Altogether 111 medical and physiotherapy students participated in the study. Half of the students were shown Figure A, and the other half Figure B. Both figures were shown for ten seconds. Only 58 per cent of the students that were shown Figure A knew correctly what they had seen, in contrast to those that had seen Figure B where 88 per cent were correct. There is a difference with p less than 0.001. It seems justified to conclude that simple, schematic drawings emphasizing the important points are better for orientation and recollection than the more correct, but also more detailed type of figures.

Anatomy, Artistic↗
PubMed1986

Central pontine myelinolysis. A case report with typical neuropathological findings.

A case of central pontine myelinolysis (CPM) in an alcoholic patient with severe electrolyte changes is presented. Data in the literature suggest that it is safe to correct severe symptomatic hyponatremia to a value of 125-130 mEq/1 in 24 h. At the present time acute severe hyponatremia carries a bad prognosis if not treated with hypertonic NaCl solution. Electrolyte abnormalities are not the sole cause of CPM.

Autopsy↗
PubMed1985

A 24-m3 direct heat-sink calorimeter with on-line data acquisition, processing, and control.

The construction and performance of a 24-m3 direct heat-sink calorimeter for continuous measurement of evaporative and sensible heat loss in human subjects are described. Extensive use of real-time processing for compensation of physical time constants and delays made it possible to solve response-time and stability problems associated with the large volume. The performance characteristics of the calorimeter are 1) a linear response between 0 and 320 W (471 g . h-1) for evaporative heat with a precision of 4.0-0.6% in the range 25-100 W, 2) a linear response between 0 and 280 W for sensible heat with a precision of 1.4-0.2% in the range 50-200 W, 3) a stability corresponding to a drift of less than 0.6 W (24 and 72 h) on both evaporative and sensible heat outputs and 24- and 72-h standard deviations (values every 2 min) of 0.3 and 0.4 W for evaporative heat and 0.6 and 0.7 W for sensible heat, 4) response times (95%) of 15 min for both evaporative and sensible heat, 5) independency on the position of the calibration source within the chamber, 6) no measurable "cross talk" between evaporative and sensible heat inputs, 7) negligible dependency of the external air humidity between 14 and 70%, and 8) operating temperature range from 18 to 30 degrees C. More than 40 experiments of 25-h duration with human subjects have been carried out. In no case was any discomfort recorded. An example of the 25-h continuous evaporative and sensible heat output tracing of one experiment is given.

Body Temperature↗