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O K Botvin'ev

Publications and source records attributed to O K Botvin'ev.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

[Adaptive norm and stabilizing selection for anthropometric characters at birth].

Analysis carried out on medical documentation containing data on several thousand healthy and affected babies has revealed patterns of differential mortality and differential morbidity for newborns and infants which allow to estimate relative risk as a function of birth weight and body length. Adaptive norm for anthropometric traits at birth was defined as the weight or length interval in which mortality/morbidity rates were lower than the overall population level. The intensity of stabilizing selection associated with birth weight calculated from these data is several times higher in the neonatal period than for the age interval 1-12 months. Neonatal mortality in more than 50% cases can be attributed to the effects of stabilizing selection associated with birth weight.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1984

[A population-genetics approach to the problem of nonspecific biological resistance of the human body. III. The ABO and rhesus blood group systems of healthy and sick children and their mothers].

ABO and Rhesus blood types have been specified in 2047 diseased newborns, diseased infants and children who died before the age of one, as well as in their mothers. 527 healthy children and their mothers were investigated as a control group. A significant difference in the ABO phenotype frequencies has been revealed between: i) healthy and dead children, ii) mothers of diseased newborns and mothers of healthy children, iii) dead children and their mothers. The significant increase in the incidence of maternal Rhesus-negative phenotype, as compared with the control group, was shown in the groups of diseased newborns, diseased infants and dead children. In the same groups, mothers differ significantly from their children with respect to the frequency of Rhesus phenotypes. The incidence of Rhesus-incompatible mother-child pairs in the groups of diseased newborns, diseased infants and dead children was shown to be two times higher than the respective frequency in the control group and the expected frequency. A certain increase in the frequency of ABO-incompatible pairs was revealed in the groups of diseased newborns and dead children, but the difference, as compared to the control group, did not prove to be statistically significant. A hypothesis was advanced to the effect that the mother-child incompatibility for Rhesus and ABO antigens may result not only in fetal wastage and haemolytic disease of newborns, but also in the decrease of child's resistance to diseases of different origin.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1982

[Nonspecific resistance of the body and predisposition to acute leukemia in children].

An analysis of 422 Moscow hospital records of children suffering from acute leukemia during the period from 1959 and continuing through to 1979 showed that the proportion of those with morphologically "average" weight and body length values at birth, was significantly lower in the group with leukemia, than in the control group of healthy children. Genetic structure of leukemic and healthy children was found to be significantly different by phenotypic combinations of 2 loci (ABO and Rhesus). The distribution of children for their age at the beginning of the disease was studied. The results revealed that children with the low weight and body length values at birth, as well as those having ARh+ and BRh+ blood groups, develop leukemia earlier than those with "average" characteristics and blood groups other than ARh+ and BRh+. The anamnesis of children which developed leukemia demonstrated a higher infectious-inflammatory disease frequency, as compared with the control group. By comparison of some parental characteristics of two groups of children, it was found that parents of children which became ill, were on the average older at the moment of baby's birth than parents of healthy children. Babies of 2nd, 3rd and subsequent deliveries were registered more frequently in the group with leukemia than in that of healthy children. Evidence presented confirms the efficiency of the population-genetic approach to the problem of nonspecific resistance of human organism to diseases.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1981

[Genetic markers and diseases: the genetic, anthropometric and clinical characteristics of children with acute pneumonia].

The paper presents new experimental evidence for the efficiency of an earlier developed approach (Yu. P. Altukhov, O. K. Botviniev, O. L. Kurbatova, 1979, Genetika, 15. No. 2) to the problem of nonspecific resistance of human organism to disease. Children suffering from acute pneumonia are shown to differ from a control group of healthy children by a complex of clinical, anthropometric and genetic characteristics. The group of children with acute pneumonia is characterised by a marked disposition to viro-bacterial diseases, high frequency of small developmental anomalies and by twofold decrease of proportion of children with average body length and weight at birth. Significant differences in 4 genetic systems (PGM1, ACP, MNSs and Rhesus) have been revealed. On the whole, children with pneumonia display lower level of average heterozygosity per locus and higher frequency of rare antigene combinations as well as rare electrophoretic protein variants.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1980

[Population genetics approach to the problem of nonspecific biological resistance of the human body. II. Clinical characteristics, congenital anomalies and genetic structure of sick children with attention to birth weight and length].

Clinical analysis of several groups of newborns and infants arranged by 2 metrical characters has shown that morphologically average individuals ("adaptive norm") are most resistant to the wide range of diseases including congenital malformations. The frequency of grave diseases and congenital malformations is much higher in newborns and infants with extreme (especially low) values of characters, each group of extreme variants being characterized by a specific set of diseases. Statistically significant differences in genetic structure of these groups are detected: departures from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and lower level of heterozygosity for ABO and Ww loci are observed in a group of children with low weight and body length values. These features are most pronounced in the group comprising dead newborns and infants.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1979

[Population genetics approach to the problem of the nonspecific biological resistance of the human body. I. Statement of the problem and basis for the approach. Distribution parameters of anthropometric markers of normal and ill newborn infants and nurslings].

Distributions of two metrical characters-the weight and the body length at birth are considered in several groups of healthy, diseased and dead newborns and infants. Significant differences in statistical parameters of these distributions (mean, standard deviation, skewness and kurtosis) are demonstrated for normal and malformated children. The increased number of children with minimal deviations from the mean values of characters (adaptive norm) is observed among healthy newborns, while in groups of diseased and dead children the frequency of individuals with extreme (especially low) values is increased. The principle of classification of individuals based simultaneously on two characteris is suggested and the problem of "average phenotype" classification by the number of characters is discussed.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1977

[Diurnal rhythm of the adrenal cortex function in patients with circulatory disorders].

The blood hydrocortisone and corticosterone content and the aldosterone level in the urine were determined for 24 hours in patients with congenital heart disease before and after operative treatment. In patients with symptoms of cardiac insufficiency both glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid activity of the adrenal cortex was marked by deviations from the diurnal physiological rhythm. This is reflected in the continuous activation of the adrenal cortex during 24 hours; activation of mineralocorticoid function in the evening and during the night is a particularly characteristic phenomenon.

Adolescent↗