Biomedical subjects

O Kucuk

Publications and source records attributed to O Kucuk.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2006

Dietary arginine silicate inositol complex during the late laying period of quail at different environmental temperatures.

Arginine silicate inositol complex (ASIdagger; arginine 49.5%, silicon 8.2%, inositol 25%) is a novel material which is a bioavailable source of silicon and arginine. ASI offers potential benefits for vascular and bone health. Poor eggshell quality has been a major economic concern to commercial egg producers. Poor egg quality, skeletal abnormalities and architectural deterioration of bone tissue are common problems under hot conditions and in older birds. The effects of ASI supplementation on egg production, egg quality, levels of osteocalcin (OC) and bone mineral content were investigated in heat-stressed Japanese quail during the later part of the laying period. The birds were randomly assigned to six treatment groups consisting of six replicates of five birds each in a 2 x 3 factorial arrangement of treatments (temperatures, ASI levels). The birds were kept in wire cages in a temperature-controlled room at either 22 degrees C (TN) or 34 degrees C (HS) for 8 h/d and fed either a basal (control) diet or the basal diet supplemented with either 500 or 1000 g of ASI/kg. Heat exposure reduced egg production, egg quality and bone mineralisation when the basal diet was fed. ASI supplementation had no effect on feed intake or egg production under TN or HS conditions. However, ASI supplementation increased egg weight, shell thickness, shell weight and Haugh unit in both TN and HS groups during the late laying period. Bone mineral density (BMD) was significantly improved by ASI supplementation in both TN and HS groups. Serum osteocalcin (OC) concentrations and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity increased linearly with dietary ASI supplementation during the late laying period. The amount of calcium and phosphorus in the excreta decreased, while ash, mineral content, calcium and phosphorus concentrations in tibia increased in ASI-supplemented quail in both TN and HS groups during the late laying period. ASI supplementation significantly improved egg quality and bone mineralisation in quail during the late laying period and did not affect feed consumption or egg production.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗

PubMed2006

Dietary arginine silicate inositol complex improves bone mineralization in quail.

Skeletal abnormalities, low bone mass, bone deformities, and bone fractures increase the risk of osteoporosis and osteoarthritis, which are of concern from both a public standpoint and a cost-of-care burden standpoint. Arginine silicate inositol complex (ASI; Arg = 49.47%, silicone = 8.2%, inositol = 25%) is a novel, bioavailable source of Si and Arg and one that offers potential benefits for vascular and bone health. Skeletal abnormalities and architectural deterioration of bone tissue are common under hot climate conditions in the poultry industry. In this study, we evaluated the effects of ASI supplementation on performance and bone mineral density (BMD) in Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) exposed to the high ambient temperature of 34 degrees C. The birds (n = 180; 10 d old) were randomly assigned to 6 treatment groups consisting of 10 replicates of 3 birds. Birds were kept in wire cages in a temperature-controlled room at either 22 degrees C (thermoneutral; TN) or 34 degrees C (heat stress; HS) for 8 h/d (0900 to 1700 h until the end of study) and were fed a basal (control) diet or the basal diet supplemented with either 500 or 1,000 mg of ASI/kg of diet. Heat exposure decreased performance and bone mineralization when the basal diet was fed (P = 0.001). The ASI supplement had no effect on feed intake, BW, feed efficiency, and carcass traits (P > 0.05) in quails reared under TN or HS conditions. The BMD was significantly improved by ASI supplementation in both TN and HS groups [0.72 (TN) vs. 0.60 (HS); P < or = 0.05]. Serum osteocalcin, dehydroepiandrosterone concentrations, and alkaline phosphatase activity increased, whereas tumor necrosis factor-alpha and Creactive protein concentrations decreased, as dietary ASI supplementation increased in quail reared under HS. This improvement was linear with increased doses of supplement (P = 0.001). In the ASI group, the amount of Ca, P, Mg, and Mn in the excreta decreased (P < or = 0.05), and the concentrations of these minerals in tibia ash increased in quail reared under HS conditions (P < or = 0.05). In conclusion, ASI supplementation to the basal diet significantly improved bone mineralization in quail and did not impact feed consumption, BW gain, or feed efficiency.

Animals↗

PubMed2005

Chromium picolinate, rather than biotin, alleviates performance and metabolic parameters in heat-stressed quail.

1. The effects of chromium picolinate and biotin supplementation alone and in combination on performance, carcase characteristics, malondialdehyde (MDA), vitamin C, vitamin E, glucose and cholesterol levels were evaluated in Japanese quail exposed to high ambient temperature. 2. Two hundred and forty quails (10d old) were assigned randomly to 4 dietary treatments at room temperature (22 degrees C; thermoneutral, TN) or ambient (34 degrees C for 8 h/d; heat stress, HS). Both TN and HS were fed either on a basal (control) diet or the basal diet supplemented with 400 microg of Cr/kg (Cr group), 0.5 mg of biotin/kg of diet (biotin group) or both (Cr + Biotin group). 3. Supplementing the diet of heat-stressed quails with chromium picolinate improved live weight gain, feed intake, feed efficiency and carcase traits. Biotin supplementation during TN and HS conditions did not have any beneficial effects on body weight gain, feed intake, feed efficiency or carcase traits. 4. Either in combination or alone, chromium picolinate increased serum concentrations of vitamins C and E, but decreased MDA, glucose and cholesterol concentrations in birds kept at high ambient temperature. There was no difference in vitamins C and E and MDA concentrations between birds given chromium picolinate and birds receiving chromium picolinate plus biotin, while glucose and cholesterol levels were significantly lower in all groups. The lowest concentrations of cholesterol and glucose were found in the combination group under both TN and HS conditions. An interaction between diet and temperature was detected for glucose and cholesterol concentrations. 5. Excretion rates for zinc, iron and chromium were lower in TN groups than in the corresponding HS groups. Supplementing diet with chromium picolinate and chromium picolinate plus biotin decreased excretion of minerals while biotin alone did not effect excretion of minerals. 6. Chromium supplementation, but not biotin supplementation, attenuated the decline in performance and antioxidant status resulting from heat stress.

Animals↗

PubMed2005

Magnesium proteinate is more protective than magnesium oxide in heat-stressed quail.

We evaluated the effects of dietary supplementation with Mg-oxide and Mg-proteinate on performance; nutrient digestibilities; malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations in serum, liver, and thigh meat; and serum cholesterol and triacylglycerol concentrations in Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) exposed to high ambient temperature. The birds (n = 360; 10 d old) were randomly assigned to 12 treatment groups consisting of 6 replicates of 5 birds each in a 2 x 2 x 3 factorial arrangement (temperature, Mg source, Mg level). Birds were maintained in temperature-controlled rooms at 22 degrees C for 24 h/d or 34 degrees C for 8 h/d (0900-1700 h) and fed a basal diet or that diet supplemented with 1 or 2 g Mg-oxide or Mg-proteinate/kg of diet. Heat exposure decreased (P = 0.0001) live weight gain, feed intake, feed efficiency, and carcass weight in quail fed the basal diet. A linear increase in feed intake (P = 0.008) and body weight (P = 0.001), and improvements in feed efficiency (P = 0.001), carcass weight (P < 0.0001), digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, and ether extract were found in Mg-supplemented, heat-stressed quail. The effects of Mg-proteinate were greater than those of Mg-oxide (P < or = 0.0001). Serum Mg (P = 0.001) concentration increased, whereas the concentration of MDA in serum (P = 0.0001), liver (P = 0.04), and thigh meat (P = 0.0001) and serum triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations decreased linearly (P = 0.001) with the level of Mg in the diet. Interactions between dietary Mg source, temperature, and level of supplementation (P < or = 0.05) were found for several variables. Results of the present study suggest that supplementation with Mg-proteinate is more protective than Mg-oxide in reducing the negative effects of heat stress in quail.

Animal Feed↗

PubMed2005

Supplementation of zinc from organic or inorganic source improves performance and antioxidant status of heat-distressed quail.

Two sources of zinc [ZnSO4.H2O or ZnPicolinate (ZnPic)] supplementation were evaluated for their effects on performance, carcass weight, levels of malondialdehyde, and vitamins C, E, A in Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix Japonica) exposed to high ambient temperature of 34 degrees C. The birds (n = 360; 10-d-old) were randomly assigned to 12 treatment groups consisting of 3 replicates of 10 birds each in a 2 x 2 x 3 factorial arrangement of treatments (temperatures, zinc sources, zinc levels). Birds were kept in wire cages in a temperature-controlled room at either 22 degrees C (thermoneutral) or 34 degrees C (heat stress) for 8 h/d (0900 to 1700 h) until the end of study, and fed a basal (control) diet or the basal diet supplemented with either 30 or 60 mg of Zn as ZnSO4 H2O or ZnPic/kg of diet. Heat exposure decreased (P = 0.001) live weight gain, feed intake, feed efficiency, and carcass weight when the basal diet was fed. A linear increase in feed intake (P = 0.01) and BW (P = 0.01), and improvement in feed efficiency (P = 0.01) and carcass weight (P < or = 0.05) were found in zinc-supplemented quail reared under heat-stress conditions. Serum vitamin C (P = 0.04), E (P = 0.05), and cholesterol (P = 0.01) concentrations increased linearly, whereas malondialdehyde concentrations decreased linearly (P = 0.02) as dietary zinc sulfate and ZnPic supplementation increased. An interaction between dietary zinc sources, temperature, and levels of supplementation (P < or = 0.05) for these parameters was detected. Serum vitamins C, E, and A concentrations were not different in supplemented birds reared at thermoneutral temperature. Supplementation with zinc improved carcass weight and antioxidant status of birds, and the effects of ZnPic were relatively greater than those of ZnSO4.H2O in heat-stressed quail. Results of the present study suggest that supplementation with ZnPic could be considered to be more protective than ZnSO4.H2O by reducing the negative effects of oxidative stress induced by heat stress in quail.

Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena↗

PubMed2004

The effect of genistein supplementation on performance and antioxidant status of Japanese quail under heat stress.

Genistein, a phytoestrogen found in soybeans, is a powerful antioxidant. We evaluated the effects of genistein supplementation on performance, carcass characteristics, levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), homocysteine, vitamins C, E, A in Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) exposed to high ambient temperature of 34 degrees C. Two hundred and forty Japanese quails (10 d old) were randomly assigned to eight treatment groups consisting of 10 replicates of three birds. The birds were kept in an environmental controlled room either for 24 h/d at 22 degrees C with (thermoneutral, TN groups) or for 16 h/d at 22 degrees C and for 8 h/d (09.00 am to 05.00 pm) at 34 degrees C (heat stress, HS groups). Birds were fed either a basal (control) diet (TN and HS) or the basal diet supplemented with 200, 400 or 800 mg of genistein per kg of diet. Heat exposure decreased birds' performance when basal diet was fed. Increase in feed intake and body weight, and improvement of feed efficiency and carcass traits were found in genistein-supplemented quails reared under heat stress conditions. Growth rate and feed efficiency improved in quails reared under thermo-neutral conditions as well. Concentration of serum vitamins C, E, and A increased in supplemented birds reared at high temperature, while non-significant changes occurred in TN groups. With genistein supplementation homocysteine levels in serum and MDA levels in serum and liver decreased in all birds of both TN and HS groups. Effects of genistein were relatively greater in heat-stressed quails than in quails kept under thermo-neutral conditions. Results of the present study suggest that supplementation with genistein can be considered to be protective by reducing the negative effects of oxidative stress induced by heat stress in quail.

Animal Feed↗

PubMed2004

Effects of dietary combination of chromium and biotin on egg production, serum metabolites, and egg yolk mineral and cholesterol concentrations in heat-distressed laying quails.

Chromium picolinate is used in the poultry diet because of its antistress effects in addition to the fact that the requirement for it is increased during stress. This study was conducted to determine if the negative effects of high ambient temperature (34 degrees C) on egg production, egg quality, antioxidant status, and cholesterol and mineral content of egg yolk could be alleviated by combination of chromium picolinate and biotin (0.6/2.0; Diachrome, as formulated by Nutrition 21 Inc.), in laying Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japanica). Quails (n= 240; 50 d old) were divided into 8 groups, 30 birds per group. The quails were fed either a basal diet or the basal diet supplemented with 2, 4, or 8 mg of Diachrome/kg diet. Birds were kept at 22 degrees C and 53% relative humidity (RH). At 14 wk of age, the thermoneutral (TN) group remained in the same temperature as at the beginning of experiment, whereas the heat stress (HS) group was kept in an environment-controlled room (34 degrees C and 41% RH) for 3 wk. Heat exposure decreased performance when the basal diet was fed (p = 0.001). Diachrome supplementation at 4 and 8 mg/kg diet, increased feed intake (p = 0.05), egg production (p = 0.05), feed efficiency (p = 0.01), egg weight (p = 0.05), and Haugh unit (p = 0.01) in quails reared under heat stress conditions. Heat exposure increased concentrations of serum malondialdehyde (MDA) (p = 0.001), glucose, and cholesterol (p = 0.01), which were elevated by supplemental Diachrome (p < or = 0.05). Egg yolk Cr, Zn, and Fe (p = 0.01) concentrations increased linearly, whereas MDA and cholesterol concentrations decreased (p = 0.05) as dietary Diachrome supplementation increased in HS groups. Similar effects of supplementation on serum levels of glucose and cholesterol (p = 0.05) and egg yolk concentrations of cholesterol (p = 0.05) and Cr (p = 0.01) were observed in TN groups. No significant differences in other values were observed in the TN groups. Results of the present study suggest that supplementation with Diachrome protects the quail by reducing the negative effects of heat stress.

Animals↗

PubMed2004

Soybean oil supplementation of a high-concentrate diet does not affect site and extent of organic matter, starch, neutral detergent fiber, or nitrogen digestion, but influences both ruminal metabolism and intestinal flow of fatty acids in limit-fed lambs.

Our objective was to measure ruminal fermentation characteristics and site and extent of nutrient digestion in sheep limit-fed an 81.6% (DM basis) concentrate diet supplemented with increasing levels of soybean oil. Eight white-faced wether lambs (39.9+/-3.0 kg BW) fitted with ruminal, duodenal, and ileal cannulas were used in a replicated 4 x 4 Latin square experiment. Diets were formulated to contain 15.0% CP (DM basis) and included bromegrass hay (18.4%), cracked corn, soybean oil, corn gluten meal, urea, and limestone. Soybean oil was added to diets at 0, 3.2, 6.3, and 9.4% of dietary DM. The diet was limit-fed at 1.4% of BW. After 14 d of dietary adaptation, Cr2O3 (2.5 g) was dosed at each feeding for 7 d followed by ruminal, duodenal, ileal, and fecal sample collections for 3 d. Digestibilities of OM, starch, NDF, and N were not affected (P = 0.13 to 0.95) by increasing dietary soybean oil level. Means for true ruminal (percentage of intake), lower-tract (percentage entering the duodenum), and total-tract (percentage of intake) digestibility for each nutrient were (mean+/-SEM): OM = 50.7+/-4.66%, 71.6+/-2.58%, and 82.7+/-0.93%; starch = 92.0+/-1.94%, 96.1+/-0.70%, and 99.8+/-0.05%; NDF = 36.7+/-6.75%, 50.9+/-7.58%, and 71.7+/-1.93%; and N = 31.6+/-9.93%, 84.1+/-1.50%, and 81.0+/-1.10%, respectively. Total VFA concentration was greatest in sheep fed 6.3% soybean oil and least in sheep fed 9.4% soybean oil (cubic, P = 0.01). Duodenal flow of fatty acids from the diet and those metabolized within the rumen increased (linear, P < 0.001) with increasing dietary soybean oil level. Ileal flow of 16:0, 17:0, 18:0, 18:1trans, and 18:1cis-9 fatty acids increased (P < or = 0.04) with increasing dietary soybean oil level. Apparent small intestinal disappearance of 18:0 decreased (linear, P = 0.004) as dietary soybean oil increased, and with 9.4% dietary soybean oil, nearly half the duodenal 18:0 was observed at the ileum; thus, the true energy value of the soybean oil decreased with increasing oil supplementation. We conclude that supplementation of a high-concentrate diet with increasing amounts of soybean oil in limit-fed sheep resulted in a trade off between loss of potential dietary energy from the fat and gain of important PUFA and biohydrogenation intermediates, but without a marked influence on digestibility of other important macronutrients.

Animal Feed↗

PubMed2003

Dietary vitamin C and folic acid supplementation ameliorates the detrimental effects of heat stress in Japanese quail.

We evaluated the effects of vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid) and folic acid supplementation on performance, carcass characteristics and concentrations of the oxidative stress markers [malondialdehyde (MDA), homocysteine], adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), vitamins C, E, A, B-12 and folic acid, and mineral status in broiler Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) exposed to high ambient temperature (34 degrees C, 8 h/d, 0900-1700 h). The birds (n = 150; 10-d-old) kept at 34 degrees C were fed a basal diet (HS group) or the basal diet supplemented with 250 mg of L-ascorbic acid/kg of diet (Vit C group), 1 mg of folic acid/kg of diet (FA group) or both (Vit C + FA group), whereas birds kept at 22 degrees C were fed the basal diet (TN group). Supplementing heat-stressed quail with vitamin C and folic acid improved performance compared to the HS group. Effects generally were greatest in quail supplemented with both. Although supplementation did not consistently restore concentrations to those of the TN group, it increased serum concentrations of the vitamins under study. Furthermore, serum and tissue MDA, homocysteine and ACTH concentrations were lower in the supplemented groups than in the heat-stressed controls. Retention of N, ash, Ca, P, Zn, Fe, Cu and Cr were highest in the Vit C + FA group and lowest in the HS group (P < 0.05). The results of the study indicate that vitamin C and folic acid supplementation attenuates the decline in performance and antioxidant status caused by heat stress. Such supplementation may offer protection against heat stress-related depression in performance of Japanese quail.

Animal Husbandry↗

PubMed2001

Effect of soy isoflavone supplementation on markers of oxidative stress in men and women.

Dietary intake of soy has been linked with decreased cancer risk, and the active compounds in soy that have been identified include the isoflavones genistein and daidzein. Since these compounds have antioxidant properties, we examined levels of oxidative damage in blood of six women and six men before and during soy supplementation using Novasoy tablets. Blood samples were obtained at weekly intervals for 3 weeks from the women taking 50-mg isoflavones once daily and the men taking 50-mg isoflavones twice daily. Plasma levels of genistein and daidzein increased after supplementation with maximal levels occurring at 2 weeks for the women while levels in men kept increasing over the 3 weeks of study. There was wide variation between individuals in the levels of isoflavones achieved. Mean levels of 5-hydroxymethyl-2'-deoxyuridine (5-OHmdU) in DNA from nucleated blood cells decreased after 1 week of supplementation in the women, with a decrease of 47% in mean 5-OHmdU levels after 3 weeks. In men, mean 5-OHmdU levels did not decrease until after 3 weeks of supplementation, at which there was 61% decrease. Mean plasma levels of 8-isoprostanes were not changed appreciably in either men or women. These pilot results suggest that soy isoflavone supplementation decreases levels of oxidative DNA damage in humans, and this may be a mechanism behind the cancer-preventive effects of soy isoflavones.

Adult↗

PubMed2001

Soy isoflavone supplementation in healthy men prevents NF-kappa B activation by TNF-alpha in blood lymphocytes.

Dietary intake of soy has been associated with a decreased risk of cancer. Soy isoflavones have been postulated to be the protective compounds in soybeans; however, the precise mechanism by which soy isoflavones prevent human cancer is not known. The major soy isoflavones, genistein and daidzein, are antioxidant compounds, therefore one possible mechanism of action is through their antioxidant effect. We have previously demonstrated that the soy isoflavone, genistein, inhibits the activation of the redox-sensitive transcription factor, NF-kappa B, in prostate cancer cells in vitro. In this study, we have demonstrated that genistein, but not daidzein, inhibits TNF-alpha-induced NF-kappa B activation in cultured human lymphocytes. Additionally, we investigated the in vivo effect of soy isoflavone supplementation on NF-kappa B activation induced by TNF-alpha in vitro in peripheral blood lymphocytes of six healthy men. We show that healthy male subjects receiving 50 mg isoflavone mixture (Novasoy) twice daily for 3 weeks are protected from TNF-alpha induced NF-kappa B activation. Additionally, we observed a reduction of 5-hydroxymethyl-2'-deoxyuridine (5-OHmdU), a marker for oxidative DNA damage, following isoflavone supplementation. The inhibitory effect of soy isoflavones was no longer present 3 months after the supplementation. This preliminary study demonstrates that soy isoflavone supplementation may protect cells from oxidative stress-inducing agents by inhibiting NF-kappa B activation and decreasing DNA adduct levels.

Adult↗

PubMed2001

Antioxidant dietary supplements: Rationale and current status as chemopreventive agents for prostate cancer.

Epidemiologic data suggest that the environment is responsible for most prostate cancers (PCA). One major mechanism by which the environment can influence carcinogenesis is oxidative damage. This refers to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that then damage important biomolecules, including DNA, protein, and lipids. Experimental observations suggest that oxidative damage is associated with PCA. These include: a) the association of PCA and dietary fat consumption (a major substrate for oxidative stress), b) oxidative biomarker data (suggesting increased oxidative stress among patients with PCA), c) ubiquitous defects in the glutathione-s-transferase pi pathway (a major endogenous antioxidant mechanism), and d) evidence that androgens (an important promoter of PCA growth) work in part via generation of ROS. Perhaps the best indirect evidence for oxidative stress comes from randomized double-blind prevention trials of antioxidants. Vitamin E and selenium have both been shown to reduce prostate cancer incidence. Although PCA prevention was not the primary endpoint of these studies, the statistical likelihood that both would prove beneficial by chance alone is 1 in 400. These data suggest that antioxidants may be beneficial in preventing PCA. Further research including randomized trials is warranted.

Androgens↗

PubMed2001

Phase II trial of bicalutamide in patients with advanced prostate cancer in whom conventional hormonal therapy failed: a Southwest Oncology Group study (SWOG 9235).

OBJECTIVES: To determine the efficacy and tolerability of bicalutamide in patients with advanced prostate cancer with progression after conventional hormonal therapy. METHODS: Fifty-two patients received bicalutamide, 150 mg once daily, as second-line therapy after progressing following treatment with orchiectomy or luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analogue or diethylstilbestrol, alone or in combination. Patients had measurable (n = 8) or assessable (n = 44) disease, a Southwest Oncology Group performance status of 0 to 2, and no prior antiandrogen therapy or chemotherapy. The objective response to treatment was assessed every 12 weeks; symptoms and pain were assessed monthly with questionnaires for 6 months. RESULTS: There was evidence of palliation with three measures of pain and, to a lesser extent, with a measure of overall symptom status after 3 months of taking bicalutamide. No complete or partial responses occurred. However, 9 (20%) of 44 subjects with adequate prostate-specific antigen data had a 50% or higher decrease in their prostate-specific antigen levels, which did not correlate with symptom improvement. The median survival time was 15 months. The most common side effects were hot flashes (23%) and nausea (21%). CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that bicalutamide decreases pain and improves symptom status in patients with prostate cancer in whom first-line hormonal therapy failed.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed2001

Effects of vitamin C and vitamin E on performance, digestion of nutrients and carcass characteristics of Japanese quails reared under chronic heat stress (34 degrees C).

This study was conducted to determine the effects of vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid) and vitamin E (DL-alpha-Tocopheryl acetate) on performance, digestion of nutrients and carcass characteristics of Japanese quails reared under chronic heat stress (34 degrees C). A total of 180 10-day-old Japanese quails were randomly assigned to six treatment groups, three replicates of 10 birds each. The birds with a 2 x 3 factorial design received either two levels of vitamin C (100 and 200 mg/kg of diet) or three levels of vitamin E (125, 250, or 500 mg/kg of diet). Then, 200-mg vitamin C/kg of diet, compared with that of 100 mg/kg of diet, and higher dietary vitamin E inclusions resulted in a higher performance. The interaction between vitamin C and vitamin E for final body weight change (p=0.01) and feed efficiency (p=0.02) was detected. Final body weight change and feed efficiency increased to a higher extent by increasing dietary vitamin C when higher vitamin E levels were fed. Carcass characteristics improved with an increase of both dietary vitamin C and vitamin E (p=0.004). The interactions on carcass characteristics were all significant (p=0.02) and manifested themselves in a way that they were improved to a higher extent by an increase of dietary vitamin C when higher vitamin E levels were fed. Digestibility of nutrients (DM, OM, CP and EE) was greater with higher dietary vitamin C (p < 0.02) and also with higher vitamin E (p=0.07). There were no interactions detected for digestibility of nutrients (p=0.32). Taken together, the results of the present study conclude that a combination of 200 mg of vitamin C and 250 mg of vitamin E provides the greatest performance in Japanese quails reared under heat stress and can be considered as a protective management practice in poultry diet, alleviating the negative effects of heat stress.

Animals↗

PubMed2001

Effects of vitamin E and selenium on performance, digestibility of nutrients, and carcass characteristics of Japanese quails reared under heat stress (34 degrees C).

This study was conducted to determine the effects of vitamin E (dL-alpha-Tocopheryl acetate) and selenium (Se; Na2-SeO3) on performance, digestibility of nutrients and carcass characteristics of Japanese quails reared under chronic heat stress (34 degrees C). A total of 120 10-day-old Japanese quails were randomly assigned to four treatment groups, three replicates of 10 birds each. The birds with a 2 x 2 factorial design received either two levels of vitamin E (125 and 250 mg/kg of diet) or two levels of Se (0.1 or 0.2 mg/kg of diet). A 250-mg vitamin E/kg of diet compared with that of 125 mg/kg of diet and higher dietary Se inclusions (0.1 vs. 0.2 mg/kg) resulted in a better performance (p=0.001). The interaction between vitamin E and Se for feed intake (p=0.03), final body weight change (p=0.03) and feed efficiency (p=0.001) was detected. Carcass yield increased with increasing both dietary vitamin E and Se (p=0.001). The interactions on carcass characteristics were all non-significant (p > 0.06). Digestibility of nutrients (DM, OM, CP and ether extract) was higher with higher dietary vitamin E (p=0.03), and DM digestibility was also higher with higher dietary Se (p=0.05). There were no interactions detected for digestibility of nutrients (p=0.28). From the results of the present study, it was concluded that a combination of 250 mg of vitamin E and 0.2 mg of Se provides the greatest performance in Japanese quails reared under heat stress and this combination can be considered as a protective management practice in Japanese quail diets, reducing the negative effects of heat stress.

Animals↗

PubMed2001

Bone mineral density and importance of a gluten-free diet in patients with celiac disease in childhood.

OBJECTIVES: Celiac disease (CD), a common cause of malabsorption, is known to be associated with disorders of the skeleton, but there are conflicting data about the effect of diet on bone metabolism. The aims of this study were to investigate the prevalence of osteopenia; to identify the relationship between bone mineral density (BMD), serum calcium, and parathyroid hormone levels; and to determine the effect of gluten-free diet on BMD in children with celiac disease. DESIGN: The study included 32 patients with CD (group 1) and 82 healthy controls (group 2). The patients with CD were evaluated under 2 subgroups, ie, 16 patients with recent diagnosis (group 1a) and 16 patients who follow their diet strictly (group 1b). BMD values and concentrations of calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, and intact parathyroid hormone were determined on entry to the study and at 12 months in celiac patients. These values were compared with those of healthy control participants. RESULTS: BMD and bone mineral content values in patients with recent diagnosis were found to be significantly lower than the control group. The BMD values in patients with recent diagnosis were significantly increased after a gluten-free diet for 1 year. Osteopenia was found more commonly in patients with recent diagnosis than patients in whom a gluten-free diet had been instituted. At 1-year follow-up, osteopenia was not resolved with the gluten-free diet, and this was especially true in patients without gastrointestinal manifestation. In patients with recent diagnosis (group 1a), the mean calcium level was found to be lower than the patients who follow their diet strictly (group 1b). There was a positive correlation between calcium level and BMD and bone mineral content. CONCLUSIONS: BMD is almost invariably low in newly diagnosed celiac patients in childhood. We therefore recommend that BMD should be evaluated in patients with CD. Strict gluten avoidance promoted a significant increase in BMD. However, values still remained markedly low after 1 year of follow-up in some patients. These patients should be followed for longer periods of time with yearly BMD evaluation, as 1 year of diet therapy was found to be insufficient for osteopenia to be resolved.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2001

Effect of forage:concentrate ratio on ruminal digestion and duodenal flow of fatty acids in ewes.

The objective of this study was to determine the forage:concentrate ratio that would provide the greatest duodenal flow of unsaturated fatty acids in ewes supplemented with soybean oil and to determine how diets differing in forage content affect flow of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and trans-vaccenic acid (18:1(trans-11)). Five mature ewes (66.5 +/- 12.8 kg) fitted with ruminal and duodenal cannulas were used in a 5 x 5 Latin square experiment. Diets were isonitrogenous and included bromegrass hay, cracked corn, corn gluten meal, urea, and limestone. Dietary fat was adjusted to 6% with soybean oil. Five ratios of forage:concentrate (18.4:81.6, 32.2:67.8, 45.8:54.2, 59.4:40.6, and 72.9:27.1) were fed at 1.3% of BW daily in equal allotments at 0630 and 1830. After 14 d, Cr2O3 (2.5 g) was dosed at each feeding for 7 d and ruminal, duodenal, and fecal collections were taken for the next 3 d. Duodenal flow of 18:0 increased linearly (P < 0.01) with dietary forage. Duodenal flow of 18:1(cis-9) and 18:2(cis-9,12) decreased (P < 0.001) but duodenal flow of 18:3(cis-9,12,15) increased (P < 0.01) with increased dietary forage. Biohydrogenation of dietary unsaturated fatty acids increased (P < 0.001) as dietary forage increased, which was concomitant with increased ruminal pH. Duodenal flow of 18:2(cis-9,trans-11) increased linearly (P < 0.01) with increased dietary forage but increased abruptly when forage was fed at 45.8%. Duodenal flow of the trans-10, cis-12 and cis-10, cis-12 CLA isomers decreased as dietary forage increased, but flow tended to increase on the highest-forage diet, resulting in both linear (P < 0.01) and quadratic (P < 0.01) effects. Duodenal flow of 18:1(trans-11) decreased from 8.28 g/d on the 18.4% forage diet to 5.47 g/d on the 59.4% forage diet then increased to 7.29 g/d on the highest-forage diet (quadratic, P < 0.1). Duodenal flow of 18:1(trans-11) was 27- to 69-fold greater than flow of CLA. We conclude that when ewes were fed a 6% crude fat diet duodenal flows of dietary fatty acids changed incrementally as dietary forage was increased, whereas changes in flows of CLA isomers seemed to be more abrupt. Biohydrogenation changes were gradual with diet, suggesting a gradual shift in ruminal microbial populations with increasing forage. Finally, the highest-concentrate diet supported the greatest duodenal flows of dietary unsaturated fatty acids, as well as the highest flow of 18:1(trans-11).

Animal Feed↗

PubMed2001

Genistein potentiates the radiation effect on prostate carcinoma cells.

We have shown previously that genistein, the major isoflavone in soybean, inhibited the growth of human prostate cancer cells in vitro by affecting the cell cycle and inducing apoptosis. To augment the effect of radiation for prostate carcinoma, we have now tested the combination of genistein with photon and neutron radiation on prostate carcinoma cells in vitro. The effects of photon or neutron radiation alone or genistein alone or both combined were evaluated on DNA synthesis, cell growth, and cell ability to form colonies. We found that neutrons were more effective than photons for the killing of prostate carcinoma cells in vitro, resulting in a relative biological effectiveness of 2.6 when compared with photons. Genistein at 15 microM caused a significant inhibition in DNA synthesis, cell growth, and colony formation in the range of 40-60% and potentiated the effect of low doses of 200-300 cGy photon or 100-150 cGy neutron radiation. The effect of the combined treatment was more pronounced than with genistein or radiation alone. Our data indicate that genistein combined with radiation inhibits DNA synthesis, resulting in inhibition of cell division and growth. Genistein can augment the effect of neutrons at doses approximately 2-fold lower than photon doses required to observe the same efficacy. These studies suggest a potential of combining genistein with radiation for the treatment of localized prostate carcinoma.

Antineoplastic Agents↗